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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

SNCA Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 69
GCID: GC04M090646

synuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor)

(Previous names: Parkinson disease (autosomal dominant, Lewy body) 4 )
(Previous symbols: PARK1, PARK4)

Explore 95 diseases affiliated with
SNCA via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Synuclein, Alpha (Non A4 Component Of Amyloid Precursor)¹ ²		Parkinson Disease (Autosomal Dominant, Lewy Body) 4¹
NACP¹ ² ³ ⁵		Non A-Beta Component Of AD Amyloid²
PARK1¹ ² ³ ⁵		Synuclein Alpha-140²
PARK4¹ ² ⁵		Non-A Beta Component Of AD Amyloid³
PD1¹ ²		Non-A4 Component Of Amyloid Precursor³
Alpha-Synuclein¹

External Ids:	HGNC: 11138¹	Entrez Gene: 6622²	Ensembl: ENSG00000145335⁷	OMIM: 163890⁵	UniProtKB: P37840³

Export aliases for SNCA gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC04M090804 GC04M090948 GC04M091105 GC04M091003 GC04M086396

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for SNCA:

Alpha-synuclein is a member of the synuclein family, which also includes beta- and gamma-synuclein. Synucleins are

abundantly expressed in the brain and alpha- and beta-synuclein inhibit phospholipase D2 selectively. SNCA may serve

to integrate presynaptic signaling and membrane trafficking. Defects in SNCA have been implicated in the pathogenesis

of Parkinson disease. SNCA peptides are a major component of amyloid plaques in the brains of patients with

Alzheimer's disease. Four alternatively spliced transcripts encoding two different isoforms have been identified for

this gene. (provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYUA_HUMAN, P37840

Function: May be involved in the regulation of dopamine release and transport. Induces fibrillization of

microtubule-associated protein tau. Reduces neuronal responsiveness to various apoptotic stimuli, leading to a

decreased caspase-3 activation

Gene Wiki entry for SNCA (Alpha-synuclein)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000004.11 NC_018915.1 NT_016354.19

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the SNCA gene promoter:
AP-1 ATF-2 c-Jun
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 3): SNCA promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for SNCA

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat SNCA

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 4q21 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 4q22.1 HGNC cytogenetic band: 4q21.3-q22

SNCA Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
SNCA gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 4 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC04M090646: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	90,645,250 bp from pter	End:	90,759,466 bp from pter
Size:	114,217 bases	Orientation:	minus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYUA_HUMAN, P37840 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Alpha-synuclein

Size: 140 amino acids; 14460 Da

Subunit: Soluble monomer which can form filamentous aggregates. Interacts with UCHL1 (By similarity). Interacts with

phospholipase D and histones

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm. Membrane. Nucleus. Cell junction, synapse. Note=Membrane-bound in dopaminergic neurons

6/9 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for SNCA (see all 9):

1XQ8 (3D)

2JN5 (3D)

2KKW (3D)

2X6M (3D)

3Q25 (3D)

3Q26 (3D)

Secondary accessions: A8K2A4 Q13701 Q4JHI3 Q6IAU6

Alternative splicing: 3 isoforms: P37840-1 P37840-2 P37840-3

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for SNCA: NX_P37840

Post-translational modifications:

Phosphorylated, predominantly on serine residues. Phosphorylation by CK1 appears to occur on residues distinct from the

residue phosphorylated by other kinases. Phosphorylation of Ser-129 is selective and extensive in synucleinopathy

lesions. In vitro, phosphorylation at Ser-129 promoted insoluble fibril formation. Phosphorylated on Tyr-125 by a

PTK2B-dependent pathway upon osmotic stress¹

Hallmark lesions of neurodegenerative synucleinopathies contain alpha-synuclein that is modified by nitration of

tyrosine residues and possibly by dityrosine cross-linking to generated stable oligomers¹

Ubiquitinated. The predominant conjugate is the diubiquitinated form (By similarity)¹

Acetylation at Met-1 seems to be important for proper folding and native oligomeric structure¹

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P37840

SNCA Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (4 alternative transcripts):

NP_000336.1 NP_001139526.1 NP_001139527.1 NP_009292.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000343683 ENSP00000378437 ENSP00000378442 ENSP00000338345 ENSP00000426955

ENSP00000422238 ENSP00000421485 ENSP00000426034 ENSP00000423445 ENSP00000378440

ENSP00000396241

Reactome Protein details: P37840
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

	EMD Millipore Purified and/or Recombinant SNCA Protein
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Enzo Life Sciences proteins for SNCA
	OriGene Purified Proteins (see all 2): SNCA OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate (see all 5): SNCA OriGene Custom Protein Services for SNCA
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for SNCA
	Novus Biologicals SNCA Proteins Novus Biologicals SNCA Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for SNCA
	Browse Proteins at Uscn

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/24 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 24): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	--
GO:0005634	nucleus	IDA	12406186
GO:0005640	nuclear outer membrane	IEA	--
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	IDA	12406186
GO:0005739	mitochondrion	IEA	--

SNCA for ontologies About GeneDecksing

SNCA Antibody Products:

	EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of SNCA
	R&D Systems Antibodies for SNCA (Synuclein-alpha)
	OriGene Antibodies (see all 4): SNCA OriGene Custom Antibody Services for SNCA
	GenScript Superior Antibodies for SNCA
	Novus Biologicals SNCA Antibodies
	Abcam antibodies for SNCA
	Browse Antibodies at Uscn
	ThermoFisher Antibody for SNCA

Assay Products for SNCA:

	EMD Millipore Kits and Assays for the Analysis of SNCA
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for SNCA
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Browse ELISAs and CLIAs at Uscn

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

SNCA for domains About GeneDecksing

2 InterPro domains/families:

IPR001058 Synuclein

IPR002460 Synuclein_alpha

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P37840

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P37840

2 Blocks protein families:

IPB001058 Synuclein signature

IPB002460 Alpha-synuclein signature

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYUA_HUMAN, P37840

Domain: The 'non A-beta component of Alzheimer disease amyloid plaque' domain (NAC domain) is involved in fibrils

formation. The middle hydrophobic region forms the core of the filaments. The C-terminus may regulate aggregation and

determine the diameter of the filaments

Similarity: Belongs to the synuclein family

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYUA_HUMAN, P37840

Function: May be involved in the regulation of dopamine release and transport. Induces fibrillization of

microtubule-associated protein tau. Reduces neuronal responsiveness to various apoptotic stimuli, leading to a

decreased caspase-3 activation

Genatlas biochemistry entry for SNCA:

alpha synuclein,homolog to rat brain synuclein,non A/beta component of Alzheimer amyloid precursor alpha,expressed in

presynaptic nerve terminals,also expressed in various areas of the brain including the substantia

nigra,thalamus,hippocampus,amygdala,corpus callosum,caudate nucleus associating with PRKC and other proteins also

binding to 14-3-3 (YWAHs) and acting as a potential chaperone,interacting with synphilin 1 (SNCAIP),putatively

involved in exocytosis of synaptic vesicles,contributing to cell death in neurodegenerative diseases and accumulating

in dentritic neurites and in Lewy bodies.

miRNA Products:		miRTarBase miRNAs that target SNCA: hsa-mir-7 (MIRT000032), hsa-mir-153 (MIRT004733)

		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 4): SNCA Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat SNCA
		8/41 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate SNCA (see all 41):
		hsa-miR-4291 hsa-miR-3607-3p hsa-miR-300 hsa-let-7a-2* hsa-miR-486-3p hsa-miR-223 hsa-miR-1243 hsa-miR-3613-3p

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: SNCA 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for SNCA (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: SNCA OriGene siRNA: SNCA
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat SNCA

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for SNCA

Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for SNCA (see all 6) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for SNCA (see all 4) OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 4): SNCA (NM_000345)
		Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for SNCA
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat SNCA

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for SNCA
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for SNCA

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for SNCA

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/25 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 25): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000287	magnesium ion binding	IDA	11850416
GO:0005504	NOT fatty acid binding	IDA	16687662
GO:0005507	copper ion binding	IDA	--
GO:0005509	calcium ion binding	IDA	11850416
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	11943812

SNCA for ontologies           About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:
     Mouse knock-outs for SNCA: Snca^tm1Mjff Snca^tm1Nbm Snca^tm1Rosl Snca^tm1Sud
     15/16 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 5 alleles) (MGI details for Snca) (see all 16):

behavior/neurological	cardiovascular system	cellular	digestive/alimentary	endocrine/exocrine gland
growth/size	homeostasis/metabolism	immune system	integument	mortality/aging
nervous system	no phenotypic analysis	renal/urinary system	reproductive system	skeleton

SNCA for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/10 super-pathways (see all 10) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Proteolysis Role of Parkin in the Ubiquitin-Proteasomal Pathway

	Proteolysis Role of Parkin in the Ubiquitin-Proteasomal Pathway	1.00			Parkin-Ubiquitin Proteasomal System pathway	0.93
	Proteolysis_Role of Parkin in the Ubiquitin-Proteasomal Pathway	0.93

Respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins.

	Parkinson's disease	0.61			Alzheimers Disease	0.00
	Alzheimer's disease	0.43

Amyloid precursor proteins form ordered fibrils

Amyloid precursor proteins form ordered fibrils

1.00

Amyloids

0.43

Neuroscience

Neuroscience

1.00

Disease

Disease

1.00

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

1 EMD Millipore Pathway for SNCA

Proteolysis Role of Parkin in the Ubiquitin-Proteasomal Pathway

2 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for SNCA

	14-3-3 Induced Intracellular Signaling
	Parkinson's Disease Pathway

1 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathway for SNCA

Neuroscience

1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathway for SNCA

Proteolysis Role of Parkin in the Ubiquitin-Proteasomal Pathway

5 BioSystems Pathways for SNCA

	Parkinsons Disease Pathway
	EGFR1 Signaling Pathway
	Parkin-Ubiquitin Proteasomal System pathway
	Alzheimers Disease
	Alpha-synuclein signaling

3 Reactome Pathways for SNCA

	Amyloids
	Amyloid precursor proteins form ordered fibrils
	Disease

2 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for SNCA):

	Alzheimer's disease
	Parkinson's disease

SNCA for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for SNCA

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/153 Interacting proteins for SNCA (P37840^{1, 2, 3} ENSP00000338345⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 153)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
HSPA1B	P08107²^,³	MINT-7557217 MINT-7555062 MINT-7556887 MINT-8211515 MINT-8211560 MINT-7556911 MINT-7556921 MINT-7556901 MINT-8211605 I2D: score=2
HSPA1A	P08107²^,³, ENSP00000364802⁴	MINT-7557217 MINT-7555062 MINT-7556887 MINT-8211515 MINT-8211560 MINT-7556911 MINT-7556921 MINT-7556901 MINT-8211605 I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000364802
HTT	P42858²^,³, ENSP00000347184⁴	MINT-8292256 MINT-8292271 MINT-8292286 MINT-8292576 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000347184
GSK3B	P49841²^,³, ENSP00000324806⁴	MINT-8211467 MINT-8211454 MINT-8211605 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000324806
MAPT	P10636²^,³, ENSP00000340820⁴	MINT-8211467 MINT-8211560 MINT-8211445 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000340820

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/68 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 68): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001774	microglial cell activation	IEA	--
GO:0001921	positive regulation of receptor recycling	IDA	18980610
GO:0001933	negative regulation of protein phosphorylation	IEA	--
GO:0001956	positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretion	IEA	--
GO:0001963	synaptic transmission, dopaminergic	--	--

SNCA for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

SNCA for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for SNCA

1 HMDB Compound for SNCA About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
Iron	Armco iron (see all 19)	7439-89-6	--

10/98 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for SNCA gene (see all 98) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
thioflavin t	76.6	17	12217698 (1), 19013262 (1), 12435752 (1), 18433772 (1) (see all 14)
dopamine	74	313	11814405 (6), 19248830 (5), 15845390 (5), 16260788 (5) (see all 99)
rotenone	72.3	32	15280438 (3), 17041725 (3), 12177198 (2), 16439141 (2) (see all 21)
thioflavin	68.4	3	12397073 (1), 19266322 (1)
1 methyl 4 phenylpyridinium	65.1	32	19032594 (5), 16464850 (3), 15978696 (2), 12807439 (2) (see all 11)
thioflavine s	64.5	3	20502498 (1), 10208537 (1), 9675319 (1)
mptp	58.5	34	10683860 (4), 15716361 (3), 12360578 (2), 16006134 (2) (see all 14)
dityrosine	58.3	9	12534296 (1), 12846977 (1), 14640973 (1), 15033422 (1) (see all 7)
levodopa	56.8	6	15109582 (1), 17427936 (1), 19084027 (1), 19409267 (1) (see all 6)
lactacystin	56.2	2	19457084 (1), 15035641 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about SNCA / SYUA

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for SNCA gene (4 alternative transcripts):

NM_000345.3 NM_001146054.1 NM_001146055.1 NM_007308.2

Unigene Cluster for SNCA:

Synuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor)

Hs.21374 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_000345

11 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000345009 ENST00000394986 ENST00000394991(uc021xqc.1) ENST00000336904

ENST00000508895 ENST00000506244 ENST00000505199 ENST00000502987 ENST00000506691

ENST00000394989(uc010ikt.3 uc003hsp.3 uc003hsr.3) ENST00000420646(uc003hsq.3 uc003hso.3)

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 4): SNCA Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat SNCA
		8/41 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate SNCA (see all 41):
		hsa-miR-4291 hsa-miR-3607-3p hsa-miR-300 hsa-let-7a-2* hsa-miR-486-3p hsa-miR-223 hsa-miR-1243 hsa-miR-3613-3p

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: SNCA 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for SNCA (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: SNCA OriGene siRNA: SNCA
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat SNCA

Clone Products:		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for SNCA (see all 6) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for SNCA (see all 4) OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 4): SNCA (NM_000345)
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for SNCA
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat SNCA

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for SNCA Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat SNCA
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat SNCA
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat SNCA

Additional cDNA sequence:

AK290169.1 AY049786.1 BC013293.2 BC108275.1 CR457058.1 CR541653.1 D31839.1 HQ830267.1

HQ830268.1 HQ830269.1 L08850.1 L36674.1 L36675.1

11 DOTS entries:

DT.95184593 DT.447727 DT.87008987 DT.92439052 DT.109632 DT.40112165 DT.121222010 DT.100026062

DT.95184589 DT.95184594 DT.95361564

24/241 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 241):

CF529302 CA772053 F03751 CQ824587 F01363 F11169 BU616643 CQ824596

F07521 BQ723475 CR622483 AW162075 BG260394 AY049786 BI522471 AI929792

CD671498 BQ010547 AI741740 AW498656 H99694 AW468365 CR602374 AI361980

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/6 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for SNCA (see all 6) About this scheme

ExUns:	1	^	2	^	3	^	4	^	5	^	6	^	7a	·	7b	^	8	^	9a	·	9b	·	9c	·	9d	·	9e
SP1:			-		-		-								-
SP2:					-		-								-
SP3:							-								-
SP4:															-
SP5:							-								-		-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for SNCA

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

SNCA expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: --

About this image

SNCA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

3 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Heart

Cardiac Crescent

Cardiac Crescent Cells

Myocardium

Ovary

Ovigerous Cord

Ovarian Somatic Cells

Ovary

Bone

Maxillary Process

Bone

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

Stem Cell Differentiation: 6 LifeMap Cells

Name

Category

PureStem™ endothelial progenitor 30-SM2-1 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

Endothelium

PureStem™ endothelial progenitor RP1-MV2-18 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

Endothelium

PureStem™ mesenchymal progenitor 7SMOO32 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

Adipose, Bone, Cartilage

PureStem™ mesenchymal progenitor 7PEND24 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

Cartilage, Neural Crest

PureStem™ progenitor SK17 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

Epiblast-like cells (Reconstitution of mo...)

See SNCA Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for SNCA

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.21374

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYUA_HUMAN, P37840

Tissue specificity: Expressed principally in brain but is also expressed in low concentrations in all tissues examined

except in liver. Concentrated in presynaptic nerve terminals

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including SNCA (see all 6):

Parkinson's Disease in human mouse rat

GABA & Glutamate in human mouse rat

Autophagy in human mouse rat

Alzheimer's Disease in human mouse rat

Apoptosis 384HT in human mouse rat

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for SNCA Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
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In Situ
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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for SNCA gene from 3/9 species (see all 9) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	SNCA¹	synuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor)	85(n) 88.57(a)		395393 NM_204673.1 NP_990004.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	SNCA⁶	--	87(a)	1 ↔ 1	5(46260364-46281439)
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	snca-prov²	synuclein, alpha	80.1(n)		BC054200.1

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for SNCA (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for SNCA (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for SNCA gene

SNCB² SNCG²

3 SIMAP similar genes for SNCA using alignment to 7 protein entries: SYUA_HUMAN (see all proteins):

NACP SNCG SNCB

SNCA for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): SNCA

Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB): SNCA

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing SNCA

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for SNCA

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

SNCA for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 163890
OMIM disorders: 605543  127750  168601
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYUA_HUMAN, P37840

Note=Genetic alterations of SNCA resulting in aberrant polymerization into fibrils, are associated with

several neurodegenerative diseases (synucleinopathies). SNCA fibrillar aggregates represent the major non A-beta

component of Alzheimer disease amyloid plaque, and a major component of Lewy body inclusions. They are also found

within Lewy body (LB)-like intraneuronal inclusions, glial inclusions and axonal spheroids in neurodegeneration with

brain iron accumulation type 1

Defects in SNCA are the cause of Parkinson disease type 1 (PARK1) [MIM:168601]. A complex neurodegenerative

disorder characterized by bradykinesia, resting tremor, muscular rigidity and postural instability. Additional

features are characteristic postural abnormalities, dysautonomia, dystonic cramps, and dementia. The pathology of

Parkinson disease involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies

(intraneuronal accumulations of aggregated proteins), in surviving neurons in various areas of the brain. The disease

is progressive and usually manifests after the age of 50 years, although early-onset cases (before 50 years) are

known. The majority of the cases are sporadic suggesting a multifactorial etiology based on environmental and genetic

factors. However, some patients present with a positive family history for the disease. Familial forms of the disease

usually begin at earlier ages and are associated with atypical clinical features

Defects in SNCA are the cause of Parkinson disease type 4 (PARK4) [MIM:605543]. A complex neurodegenerative

disorder with manifestations ranging from typical Parkinson disease to dementia with Lewy bodies. Clinical features

include parkinsonian symptoms (tremor, rigidity, postural instability and bradykinesia), dementia, diffuse Lewy body

pathology, autonomic dysfunction, hallucinations and paranoia

Defects in SNCA are the cause of dementia Lewy body (DLB) [MIM:127750]. A neurodegenerative disorder

clinically characterized by mental impairment leading to dementia, parkinsonism, often with fluctuating cognitive

function, visual hallucinations, falls, syncopal episodes, and sensitivity to neuroleptic medication. Brainstem or

cortical intraneuronal accumulations of aggregated proteins (Lewy bodies) are the only essential pathologic features.

Patients may also have hippocampal and neocortical senile plaques, sometimes in sufficient number to fulfill the

diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer disease

20/95 diseases for SNCA (see all 95): About MalaCards

parkinson's disease rem sleep behavior disorder frontotemporal dementia, ubiquitin-positive machado-joseph disease

niemann-pick disease pure autonomic failure alzheimer's disease hallervorden-spatz syndrome

spinal muscular atrophy supranuclear palsy striatonigral degeneration frontotemporal dementia

inclusion body myositis neuroaxonal dystrophy olivopontocerebellar atrophy neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease

lewy body dementia progressive supranuclear palsy amyotrophic lateral sclerosis inclusion body myopathy

4 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for SNCA:

Parkinson's disease Lewy body dementia Multiple system atrophy Movement disease

10/96 Novoseek disease relationships for SNCA gene (see all 96) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
parkinson disease	96.4	1215	20157014 (6), 12558071 (5), 15447678 (4), 19540308 (4) (see all 99)
lewy body disease	93.4	108	11483242 (3), 16565714 (3), 16297436 (2), 9759660 (2) (see all 87)
multiple system atrophy	92.9	159	12710935 (2), 16640654 (2), 11893734 (2), 14722716 (2) (see all 99)
neurodegenerative diseases	91.5	284	10809401 (3), 10407019 (3), 12719631 (3), 11821392 (2) (see all 99)
parkinson disease, autosomal dominant	91	45	17222106 (2), 11433638 (1), 11447721 (1), 16447757 (1) (see all 31)
neurodegeneration	87	172	15791003 (3), 15181239 (3), 15681812 (2), 16137567 (2) (see all 99)
parkinsonism	86.5	93	18571778 (4), 11455179 (2), 15451224 (2), 19139307 (2) (see all 66)
dementia	84.2	274	19221426 (4), 12576551 (3), 17683088 (3), 17011551 (2) (see all 99)
tauopathies	82.4	23	19404653 (2), 16897136 (1), 18322396 (1), 19369384 (1) (see all 17)
alzheimers disease	81	168	18804502 (3), 12223532 (2), 9759660 (2), 7606927 (2) (see all 99)

GeneTests: SNCA

Parkinson Disease

Genetic Association Database (GAD): SNCA
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: SNCA (105 documents)

Export disorders for SNCA gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for SNCA gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 1977):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with SNCA)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding an unrecognized component of amyloid in Alzheimer disease. (PubMed id 8248242)^{1, 2, 3} Ueda K.... Saitoh T. (1993)
Alpha-synuclein interacts with phospholipase D isozymes and inhibits pervanadate-induced phospholipase D activation in human embryonic kidney-293 cells. (PubMed id 11821392)^{1, 2, 9} Ahn B.H.... Min do S. (2002)
Lipid rafts mediate the synaptic localization of alpha-synuclein. (PubMed id 15282274)^{1, 2, 9} Fortin D.L....Edwards R.H. (2004)
Activated Fyn phosphorylates alpha-synuclein at tyrosine residue 125. (PubMed id 11162638)^{1, 2, 9} Nakamura T....Nakamura S. (2001)
Constitutive phosphorylation of the Parkinson's disease associated alpha-synuclein. (PubMed id 10617630)^{1, 2, 9} Okochi M.... Haass C. (2000)
Beta-synuclein gene alterations in dementia with Lewy bodies. (PubMed id 15365127)^{1, 4, 9} Ohtake H....La Spada A.R. (2004)
Interaction of alpha-synuclein and tau genotypes in Parkinson's disease. (PubMed id 15732111)^{1, 4, 9} Mamah C.E....Maraganore D.M. (2005)
Australian data and meta-analysis lend support for alpha-synuclein (NACP-Rep1) as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease. (PubMed id 15670652)^{1, 4, 9} Mellick G.D....Silburn P.A. (2005)
alpha-Synuclein promoter confers susceptibility to Parkinson's disease. (PubMed id 15455394)^{1, 4, 9} Pals P....Farrer M.J. (2004)
Mutation E46K increases phospholipid binding and assembly into filaments of human alpha-synuclein. (PubMed id 15498564)^{1, 2, 9} Choi W.... Goedert M. (2004)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section

		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 6622	HGNC: 11138	AceView: SNCA	Ensembl:ENSG00000145335	euGenes: HUgn6622
ECgene: SNCA	Kegg: 6622	H-InvDB: SNCA

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for SNCA	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
GeneReviews	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/GeneTests/lab/gene/SNCA
NIEHS-SNPs	http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/snca/

Intellectual Property for SNCA gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for SNCA gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving SNCA

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

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In Situ Hybridization Assays from
Advanced Cell Diagnostics
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SNCA Gene

synuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor)

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Supranuclear Palsy Progressive
Spinocerebellar Ataxias
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cognitive dysfunction
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SNCA Gene

synuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor)

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