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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

SLC25A18 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 53
GCID: GC22P018043

solute carrier family 25 (glutamate carrier), member 18

(Previous names: solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier), member...)

Explore 1 disease affiliated with
SLC25A18 via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Solute Carrier Family 25 (Glutamate Carrier), Member 18¹ ²		Solute Carrier Family 25 Member 18² ³
GC2² ³ ⁵		GC-2² ³
Solute Carrier Family 25 (Mitochondrial Carrier), Member 18¹ ²		Mitochondrial Glutamate Carrier 2²
Glutamate/H(+) Symporter 2² ³

External Ids:	HGNC: 10988¹	Entrez Gene: 83733²	Ensembl: ENSG00000182902⁷	OMIM: 609303⁵	UniProtKB: Q9H1K4³

Export aliases for SLC25A18 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC22P014986 GC22P016417 GC22P016423 GC22P001861

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GHC2_HUMAN, Q9H1K4

Function: Involved in the transport of glutamate across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Glutamate is cotransported

with H(+)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000022.10 NC_018933.1 NT_011519.10

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the SLC25A18 gene promoter:
GR USF1 GR-beta MIF-1 NF-kappaB PPAR-gamma1 USF-1 PPAR-gamma2 GR-alpha NF-kappaB1
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: SLC25A18 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for SLC25A18

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat SLC25A18

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 22q11.2 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 22q11.21 HGNC cytogenetic band: 22q11.2

SLC25A18 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
SLC25A18 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 22 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC22P018043: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	18,043,139 bp from pter	End:	18,073,647 bp from pter
Size:	30,509 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GHC2_HUMAN, Q9H1K4 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 2

Size: 315 amino acids; 33849 Da

Subcellular location: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein (By similarity)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for SLC25A18: NX_Q9H1K4

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q9H1K4

SLC25A18 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_113669.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000329033 ENSP00000382710

Human Recombinant Protein Products for SLC25A18:

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	Uscn Proteins for SLC25A18

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005743	mitochondrial inner membrane	IEA	--
GO:0016021	integral to membrane	IEA	--

SLC25A18 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

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(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

SLC25A18 for domains About GeneDecksing

3 InterPro domains/families:

IPR002067 Mit_carrier

IPR023395 Mt_carrier_dom

IPR018108 Mitochondrial_sb/sol_carrier

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q9H1K4

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q9H1K4

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GHC2_HUMAN, Q9H1K4

Similarity: Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family

Similarity: Contains 3 Solcar repeats

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, inGenious Targeting Laboratory,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, Sirion Biotech, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: GHC2_HUMAN, Q9H1K4

Function: Involved in the transport of glutamate across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Glutamate is cotransported

with H(+)

Gene Ontology (GO): 1 molecular function term (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0015293	symporter activity	IEA	--

SLC25A18 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

Phenotypes:
1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for SLC25A18:

Upregulation of Wnt/beta-caten

Animal Models:

inGenious Targeting Laboratory - Customizable classic, inducible, and humanized mouse model solutions for SLC25A18

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		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: SLC25A18 3' UTR sequence

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In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for SLC25A18

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Interactions:

Search SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for SLC25A18

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 1 interactants - click image to see more details)

5/231 Interacting proteins for SLC25A18 (Q9H1K4^{2, 3} ENSP00000329033⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 231)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
ICT1	Q14197²^,³, ENSP00000301585⁴	MINT-8079030 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000301585
GRID2	O43424³	I2D: score=1
AARS2	Q5JTZ9²	MINT-8079030
AASS	Q9UDR5²	MINT-8079030
ABCB7	O75027²	MINT-8079030

About this table

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for SLC25A18

1 HMDB Compound for SLC25A18 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
L-Glutamic acid	(2S)-2-Aminopentanedioate (see all 49)	56-86-0	--

1 DrugBank Compound for SLC25A18 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
L-Glutamic Acid	(2S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid (see all 15)	56-86-0	target	--	17139284 17016423

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about SLC25A18 / GHC2

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for SLC25A18 gene:

NM_031481.1

Unigene Cluster for SLC25A18:

Solute carrier family 25 (glutamate carrier), member 18

Hs.282982 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: AK095706

6 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000327451(uc002zmp.1) ENST00000399813(uc010gqx.3 uc002zmq.1)

ENST00000496051 ENST00000467228 ENST00000497401 ENST00000469889

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: SLC25A18 Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
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		hsa-miR-98 hsa-let-7d hsa-miR-202 hsa-let-7c hsa-let-7i hsa-let-7e hsa-let-7g hsa-let-7b

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Additional cDNA sequence:

AJ428203.1 AK095706.1 AK308974.1 AK309110.1 AY008285.1 BC031644.1 CR456578.1

8 DOTS entries:

DT.410644 DT.100741363 DT.91979210 DT.120640396 DT.95367631 DT.100673389 DT.120640395 DT.95077978

24/53 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 53):

BM920748 BI756451 AJ428203 AY008285 H06004 BM720069 BC031644 CB161544

CR456578 BI753542 CD672841 AI936864 Z39813 BM920764 AI076197 NM_031481

BI822368 AI206252 BU621395 BP346701 BI756483 BE542391 AI095030 AV652455

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/13 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for SLC25A18 (see all 13) About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	·	1c	·	1d	·	1e	·	1f	·	1g	^	2	^	3a	·	3b	·	3c	·	3d	·	3e	^	4a	·	4b	·	4c	·	4d	·	4e	^	5	^	6	^	7	^	8	^	9a	·	9b	^	10	^	11	^
SP1:															-		-				-		-		-				-		-		-		-		-
SP2:															-		-		-		-		-		-				-		-		-		-		-
SP3:													-		-		-				-		-		-				-		-		-		-		-
SP4:																					-		-		-				-		-		-		-		-
SP5:

ExUns:	12a	·	12b	^	13a	·	13b
SP1:	-
SP2:	-
SP3:
SP4:
SP5:

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for SLC25A18

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

SLC25A18 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: AAAGGCGCTG

About this image

SLC25A18 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

Stem Cell Differentiation: 1 LifeMap Cell

Name

Category

Pancreatic endoderm/endocrine precursor-like cells (A scalable, suspensi...)

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

See SLC25A18 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for SLC25A18

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.282982

SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for SLC25A18

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In Situ
Assay Products:

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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

Orthologs for SLC25A18 gene from 4/18 species (see all 18) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	SLC25A18⁶	--	74(a)	1 ↔ 1	5(14001110-14008065)
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	slc25a22¹	solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier: glutamate), more	65.37(n) 69.48(a)		406717 NM_213408.1 NP_998573.1
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	CG18347³	carrier	51(a) (best of 2)		--
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	F20D1.9³	Mitochondrial carrier proteins	48(a) (best of 2)		X(15037393-15038468) --

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for SLC25A18 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for SLC25A18 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for SLC25A18 gene

SLC25A13² SLC25A12² SLC25A44² SLC25A22²

3 SIMAP similar genes for SLC25A18 using alignment to 1 protein entry: GHC2_HUMAN:

SLC25A22 SLC25A12 SLC25A13

SLC25A18 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

1 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogene for SLC25A18
PGOHUM00000238935

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 22 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs182719208^1,2		--	18041284(+)	`TGGAAA/TAGAAA`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs113895971^1,2	C	--	18041906(+)	`TTGCCC/TAGGCT`	1	--	us2k¹		2		NA	122
rs5992067^1,2		--	18041957(+)	`tcccgG/Agctca`	1	--	us2k¹		1		CSA	2
rs174357^1,2	C,F,A,H	--	18042093(+)	`GCCTCT/AGCCTC`	1	--	us2k¹		5		NA CSA WA EA	362
rs148136596^1,2		--	18042154(+)	`TTTATA/GAGGAA`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs11704780^1,2	C,F,H	--	18042216(+)	`AACAAA/CTATAT`	1	--	us2k¹		9		NS EA NA	956
rs114962013^1,2	F	--	18042217(+)	`ACAAAT/CATATG`	1	--	us2k¹		1		WA	118
rs56394385^1,2	C,F	--	18042233(+)	`AAAGTT/AAGCAT`	1	--	us2k¹		1		NA	120
rs146123401^1,2		--	18042301(+)	`TTTTGA/GAACTG`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs116925862^1,2		--	18042318(+)	`TTTAAC/TGCTTG`	1	--	us2k¹		1		NA	120

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for SLC25A18 (18043139 - 18073647 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 16 variations for SLC25A18
11 CNVs: 79422 67828 44062 39309 90861 35981 35982 103129 22519 23647 32449
5 Indels: 27016 46199 11196 42089 61989

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(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

SLC25A18 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 609303    OMIM disorders: --

1 disease for SLC25A18:    About MalaCards

cat eye syndrome

Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: SLC25A18 (1 document)

Export disorders for SLC25A18 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for SLC25A18 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 17):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with SLC25A18)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Identification of the mitochondrial glutamate transporter. Bacterial expression, reconstitution, functional characterization, and tissue distribution of two human isoforms. (PubMed id 11897791)^{1, 2, 3} Fiermonte G....Walker J.E. (2002)
Analysis of the cat eye syndrome critical region in humans and the region of conserved synteny in mice: a search for candidate genes at or near the human chromosome 22 pericentromere. (PubMed id 11381032)^{1, 2, 3} Footz T.K....McDermid H.E. (2001)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome. (PubMed id 15461802)^{1, 2} Collins J.E.... Dunham I. (2004)
A 600 kb triplication in the cat eye syndrome critical region causes anorectal, renal and preauricular anomalies in a three-generation family. (PubMed id 22395867)¹ Knijnenburg J....van Zutven L.J. (2012)
A functional peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase, ICT1, has been recruited into the human mitochondrial ribosome. (PubMed id 20186120)¹ Richter R....Chrzanowska-Lightowlers Z.M. (2010)
Genetic variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial gen es influence AIDS progression. (PubMed id 20877624)¹ Hendrickson S.L....O'Brien S.J. (2010)
Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of dru g targets. (PubMed id 17016423)⁷ Imming P....Meyer A. (2006)
How many drug targets are there? (PubMed id 17139284)⁷ Overington J.P....Hopkins A.L. (2006)
Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)¹ Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 83733	HGNC: 10988	AceView: SLC25A18	Ensembl:ENSG00000182902	euGenes: HUgn83733
ECgene: SLC25A18	H-InvDB: SLC25A18

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for SLC25A18	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

Intellectual Property for SLC25A18 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for SLC25A18 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving SLC25A18

GeneCards and IP:
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(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0 and Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, and Sirion Biotech, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, In Situ Hybridization Assays from
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SLC25A18 Gene

solute carrier family 25 (glutamate carrier), member 18

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SLC25A18 Gene

solute carrier family 25 (glutamate carrier), member 18

Aliasesfor SLC25A18 gene

Summariesfor SLC25A18 gene

Genomic Viewsfor SLC25A18 gene

Proteinsfor SLC25A18 gene

Protein Domains /Familiesfor SLC25A18 gene

Functionfor SLC25A18 gene

Pathways & Interactionsfor SLC25A18 gene

Drugs & Compoundsfor SLC25A18 gene

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Expression for SLC25A18 gene

Orthologsfor SLC25A18 gene

Paralogsfor SLC25A18 gene

Genomic Variantsfor SLC25A18 gene

Disorders / Diseasesfor SLC25A18 gene

Publicationsfor SLC25A18 gene

External Searches for SLC25A18 gene

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for SLC25A18 gene

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for SLC25A18 gene

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Intellectual Property
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