SLC19A3 Gene
protein-coding GIFtS : 56
GCID: GC02 M228513
solute carrier family 19, member 3
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Aliasesfor SLC19A3 gene
(According to
1 HGNC ,
2 Entrez Gene ,
3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ,
4 UniProtKB/TrEMBL , 5 OMIM , 6 GeneLoc ,
7 Ensembl ,
8 DME ,
9 miRBase ,
and/or 10 fRNAdb )About This Section Aliases Solute Carrier Family 19, Member 3 1 2 Thiamine Transporter 22 THTR21 2 ThTr-23 BBGD2 ThTr23 THMD22 Solute Carrier Family 19 Member 33 ThTr-23
Export aliases for SLC19A3 gene to outside databases Previous GC identifers: GC02M226571 GC02M227281 GC02M228752 GC02M228375 GC02M228258 GC02M220392
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Summariesfor SLC19A3 gene (According to Entrez Gene ,
Tocris Bioscience ,
Wikipedia's
Gene Wiki ,
PharmGKB ,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ,
and/or
UniProtKB/TrEMBL )
About This Section Entrez Gene summary for SLC19A3 : This gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane thiamine transporter that lacks folate transport activity. Mutations in this gene cause biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease (BBGD); a recessive disorder manifested in childhood that progresses to chronic encephalopathy, dystonia, quadriparesis, and death if untreated. Patients with BBGD have bilateral necrosis in the head of the caudate nucleus and in the putamen. Administration of high doses of biotin in the early progression of the disorder eliminates pathological symptoms while delayed treatment results in residual paraparesis, mild mental retardation, or dystonia. Administration of thiamine is ineffective in the treatment of this disorder. Experiments have failed to show that this protein can transport biotin. Mutations in this gene also cause a Wernicke's-like encephalopathy.(provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: S19A3_HUMAN, Q9BZV2 Function : Mediates high affinity thiamine uptake, propably via a proton anti-port mechanism. Has no folate transportactivity Gene Wiki entry for SLC19A3
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Genomic Viewsfor SLC19A3 gene
(According to
GeneLoc and/or
HGNC , and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37) ,
and/or miRBase ,
Genomic Views according to
UCSC (hg19) and
Ensembl (release 69) ,
Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to
QIAGEN ,
SABiosciences , and/or
SwitchGear Genomics )About This Section RefSeq DNA sequence: NC_000002.11 NC_018913.1 NT_005403.17 Regulatory elements: SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the SLC19A3 gene promoter: FOXD3 CUTL1 HNF-3beta NF-kappaB NF-AT E47 C/EBPalpha NF-kappaB2 Hand1 NF-kappaB1 Other transcription factors Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for SLC19A3 Epigenetics: QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat SLC19A3
Genomic Location: Genomic View : UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 2q37 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 2q36.3 HGNC cytogenetic band: 2q37 SLC19A3 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different) GeneLoc information about chromosome 2 GeneLoc Exon Structure
GeneLoc location for GC02M228513: view genomic region
(about GC identifiers )
Start:
228,549,926 bp from pter
End:
228,582,745 bp from pter
Size:
32,820 bases
Orientation:
minus strand
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Proteinsfor SLC19A3 gene
(According to
1 UniProtKB ,
HORDE ,
neXtProt ,
Ensembl ,
and/or Reactome ,
Modification sites according to 2 PhosphoSitePlus ,
Specific Peptides from DME ,
Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb ,
RefSeq according to NCBI ,
PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia ,
Recombinant Proteins
from
EMD Millipore ,
R&D Systems ,
GenScript ,
Enzo Life Sciences ,
OriGene ,
Novus Biologicals ,
Sino Biological ,
ProSpec , and/or
Uscn ,
Biochemical Assays by
EMD Millipore ,
R&D Systems ,
OriGene ,
GenScript ,
Cell Signaling Technology ,
Enzo Life Sciences , and/or
Uscn ,
Ontologies according to Gene
Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and
Entrez Gene ,
Antibodies by
EMD Millipore ,
R&D Systems ,
GenScript ,
Cell Signaling Technology ,
OriGene ,
Novus Biologicals ,
Thermo Fisher Scientific ,
Abcam , and/or
Uscn )
About This Section UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: S19A3_HUMAN, Q9BZV2 (See
protein sequence )Recommended Name: Thiamine transporter 2 Size : 496 amino acids; 55665 Da
Subcellular location : Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein (Potential)Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for SLC19A3: NX_Q9BZV2 Post-translational modifications:
View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus 2 View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q9BZV2 SLC19A3 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb : About this image REFSEQ proteins: NP_079519.1 ENSEMBL proteins: ENSP00000397393 ENSP00000386298 ENSP00000258403 ENSP00000399001 ENSP00000400627 ENSP00000398349 ENSP00000387193 ENSP00000445519 Reactome Protein details: Q9BZV2 Human Recombinant Protein Products for SLC19A3: Gene Ontology (GO): 3 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) : About this table
SLC19A3 for ontologies About GeneDecksing SLC19A3 Antibody Products: Assay Products for SLC19A3:
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Protein
Domains / Familiesfor SLC19A3 gene (According to InterPro , ProtoNet ,
UniProtKB , and/or BLOCKS ,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks )
About This Section
SLC19A3 for domains About GeneDecksing 2 InterPro domains/families :
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q9BZV2 ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q9BZV2
1 Blocks protein family : IPB002666 Reduced folate carrier UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: S19A3_HUMAN, Q9BZV2 Similarity : Belongs to the reduced folate carrier (RFC) transporter (TC 2.A.48) family
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Functionfor SLC19A3 gene
(According to 1 UniProtKB ,
Genatlas ,
LifeMap Discovery™ ,
IUBMB , and/or
2 DME ,
Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi ,
Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
inGenious Targeting Laboratory ,
bound targets from SABiosciences ,
miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase ,
shRNA from
OriGene ,
Sirion Biotech ,
RNAi from
EMD Millipore ,
siRNAs from
OriGene ,
QIAGEN ,
microRNA from QIAGEN ,
Gene Editing from DNA2.0 ,
Sirion Biotech ,
Clones from EMD Millipore ,
OriGene ,
SwitchGear Genomics ,
GenScript ,
Sino Biological ,
DNA2.0 ,
and Vector BioLabs ,
Cell Lines from GenScript ,
LifeMap BioReagents ,
Sirion Biotech ,
In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics ,
Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via
Entrez Gene .)
About This Section Molecular Function: UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: S19A3_HUMAN, Q9BZV2 Function : Mediates high affinity thiamine uptake, propably via a proton anti-port mechanism. Has no folate transportactivity
Gene Ontology (GO): 3 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) : About this table
GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs GO:0005542 folic acid binding
IEA -- GO:0008518 reduced folate carrier activity
IEA -- GO:0015403 thiamine uptake transmembrane transporter activity
ISS --
SLC19A3 for ontologies About GeneDecksing Phenotypes: 1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for SLC19A3 : 8 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 1 allele ) (MGI details for Slc19a3) :
SLC19A3 for phenotypes About GeneDecksing Animal Models: Mouse knock-out Slc19a3 tm1Said for SLC19A3Clone Products: Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human , mouse , rat for SLC19A3 (see all 3 ) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human , mouse , rat for SLC19A3 (see all 2 )OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis,
variant library, vector shuttling GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: SLC19A3 (NM_025243 ) Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene
Synthesis Service for SLC19A3 Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human , mouse , rat SLC19A3
In Situ Assay Products: Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for SLC19A3
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Pathways & Interactionsfor SLC19A3 gene
(Pathways according to
EMD Millipore ,
R&D Systems ,
Cell Signaling Technology ,
KEGG ,
PharmGKB ,
BioSystems ,
Reactome ,
Tocris Bioscience ,
GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) ,
QIAGEN ,
and/or UniProtKB ,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks ,
Interaction Networks according to
SABiosciences ,
and/or STRING ,
Interactions according to 1 UniProtKB ,
2 MINT ,
3 I2D , and/or
4 STRING ,
with links to IntAct and
Ensembl ,
Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via
Entrez Gene) .
About This Section Unified GeneCards pathways   About this table See pathways by source Super-pathway contained gene-specific pathways 1 Vitamin B5 (pantothenate) metabolism 2 Vitamin B1 (thiamin) metabolism 3 Vitamin digestion and absorption 4 Metabolism
Pathway sources See GeneCards unified pathways Show all pathways 4
Reactome Pathways for SLC19A3 1
Kegg Pathway (Kegg details for SLC19A3) :
SLC19A3 for pathways About GeneDecksing Interactions: SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for SLC19A3 STRING Interaction
Network Preview (showing 4 interactants - click image to see more details)5 Interacting proteins for SLC19A3 (Q9BZV2 3 ENSP00000258403 4 ) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING , and/or I2D About this table Gene Ontology (GO): 5 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) : About this table
GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs GO:0006766 vitamin metabolic process
TAS -- GO:0006767 water-soluble vitamin metabolic process
TAS -- GO:0006810 transport
NAS -- GO:0042723 thiamine-containing compound metabolic process
TAS -- GO:0044281 small molecule metabolic process
TAS --
SLC19A3 for ontologies About GeneDecksing
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Drugs & Compoundsfor SLC19A3 gene (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB , Enzo Life Sciences ,
EMD Millipore , Tocris Bioscience
HMDB ,
BitterDB , and/or
Novoseek , and Drugs according to
DrugBank ,
Enzo Life Sciences , and/or
PharmGKB , with drugs/clinical trials/news
search links to CenterWatch )
About This Section
SLC19A3 for compounds About GeneDecksing Browse Tocris compounds for SLC19A3 1 DrugBank Compound for SLC19A3 About this table 1 Novoseek chemical compound relationship for SLC19A3 gene About this table
Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about SLC19A3 / S19A3
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Transcriptsfor SLC19A3 gene (Secondary structures according to
fRNAdb ,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene
(Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank , RefSeq according to Entrez Gene ,
DOTS (version 10), and/or
AceView ,
transcript ids from Ensembl
with links to UCSC ,
exon structure from GeneLoc ,
alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or
ECgene ,
RNAi Products from
EMD Millipore ,
siRNAs from
OriGene ,
QIAGEN ,
shRNA from
OriGene ,
Sirion Biotech ,
microRNA from QIAGEN ,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from
OriGene ,
SwitchGear Genomics ,
GenScript ,
DNA2.0 ,
Vector BioLabs ,
Primers from
OriGene ,
SABiosciences , and/or
QIAGEN
)About This Section REFSEQ mRNAs for SLC19A3 gene: NM_025243.3 Unigene Cluster for SLC19A3:
Solute carrier family 19, member 3 Hs.221597 [show with all ESTs ] Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_025243 9 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant : ENST00000425817 (uc002vpi.3 uc002vpj.3 ) ENST00000409287 ENST00000258403 (uc010zlv.1 )ENST00000456524 ENST00000431622 ENST00000419059 ENST00000409456 ENST00000477697 ENST00000541617 Clone Products: OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human , mouse , rat for SLC19A3 (see all 3 ) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human , mouse , rat for SLC19A3 (see all 2 )OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis,
variant library, vector shuttling GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: SLC19A3 (NM_025243 ) DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene
Synthesis Service for SLC19A3 Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human , mouse , rat SLC19A3
Additional cDNA sequence: AF271633.1 AK301490.1 AK312464.1 BC032014.1
6 DOTS entries : DT.426047 DT.430182
DT.105803 DT.40129849 DT.91673514 DT.97795633 24/52 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 52 ):
CR609013 BQ716625 BC032014 AA570151 AF271633 CR595614 BG743421 BM924450 AA777563 CB997135 CB988123 CF529586 BX327338 BU617459 BX399578 AI056985 BX381823 H49809 BI821647 BM992423 AI671566 BV205778 BX486358 BG433005 GeneLoc Exon Structure
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Expression for SLC19A3 gene
(RNA expression data according to
H-InvDB ,
NONCODE ,
miRBase , and
RNAdb ,
Expression images according to data from
BioGPS ,
Illumina Human BodyMap , and
CGAP
SAGE ,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks ,
in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™ ,
plus additional links to
Genevestigator , and/or
SOURCE , and/or
BioGPS , and/or
UniProtKB ,
PCR Arrays from
SABiosciences ,
Primers from
OriGene ,
SABiosciences , and/or
QIAGEN ,
In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics )
About This Section SLC19A3 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities) See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot About this image BioGPS CGAP TAG: -- About this image SLC19A3 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and
Regenerative medicine About this table
See SLC19A3 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB Genevestigator expression for SLC19A3 SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.221597 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: S19A3_HUMAN, Q9BZV2 Tissue specificity : Widely expressed but most abundant in placenta, kidney and liver SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Array including SLC19A3 : Drug Transporters in human mouse rat
Primer Products: OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human , mouse , rat for SLC19A3Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human , mouse / rat SLC19A3 QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human , mouse , rat SLC19A3 QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human , mouse , rat SLC19A3 In Situ Assay Products: Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for SLC19A3
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Orthologsfor SLC19A3 gene
(Orthologs according to
1,2 HomoloGene (2 older version, for species not in 1 newer version),
3 euGenes ,
4 SGD
,
5 MGI Mar 06 2013,
with possible further links to
Flybase
and/or
WormBase ,
and/or
6 Ensembl pan taxonomic compara ,
Gene Trees according to Ensembl and
TreeFam )
About This Section
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
Orthologs for SLC19A3 gene from 6/19 species (see all 19 ) About this table
Organism
Taxonomic classification
Gene
Description
Human Similarity
Orthology Type
Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)
Aves
SLC19A31
solute carrier family 19, member 3
64.55(n) 62.37(a)
 
424792 XM_422610.3 XP_422610.3
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)
Reptilia
----
--
67(a) 66(a)
1 ↔ many1 ↔ many
3(23337258-23352975) 3(23353084-23359391)
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
Amphibia
MGC528722
similar to solute carrier family 19, member 3
75.02(n)
 
BC043746.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Actinopterygii
LOC5578541
thiamine transporter 2-like
55.28(n) 48.12(a)
 
557854 XM_680999.4 XP_686091.3
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
Insecta
CG170363 CG65741
reduced folate carrier3 CG65741
36(a) (best of 3)3 49(n) 1 36.34(a) 1
 
33F33 41308 1 NM_141772.3 1 NP_650029.1 1
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Secernentea
F37B4.73
folate transporter
32(a) (best of 2)
 
V(2872542-2875305) --
ENSEMBL Gene Tree for SLC19A3 (if available)TreeFam Gene Tree for SLC19A3 (if available)
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Paralogsfor SLC19A3 gene (Paralogs according to
1 HomoloGene , 2 Ensembl , and 3 SIMAP , Pseudogenes according to 4 Pseudogene.org Build 68)About This Section Paralogs for SLC19A3 gene SLC19A1 2 SLC19A2 2 2 SIMAP similar genes for SLC19A3 using alignment to 7 protein entries: S19A3_HUMAN (see all proteins ):SLC19A2 SLC19A1
SLC19A3 for paralogs About GeneDecksing 3 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for SLC19A3 PGOHUM00000240541 PGOHUM00000243684 PGOHUM00000233238
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Genomic Variantsfor SLC19A3 gene (SNPs/Variants according to the
1 NCBI SNP Database ,
2 Ensembl ,
3 PupaSUITE ,
UniProtKB , and
DNA2.0 ,
Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap ,
Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants , Mutations from the Human Gene
Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation
Databases (LSDB) , Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT ,
Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN ,
Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences )
About This Section
Genomic Data Transcription Related Data Allele Frequencies SNP ID Valid Clinical significance Chr 2 pos Sequence # AA Chg Type More # Allele freq Pop Total sample More
HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for SLC19A3 (228549926 - 228582745 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions) Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for SLC19A3: -- Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) : SLC19A3 SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human , mouse , rat for resequencing SLC19A3
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Disorders
/ Diseasesfor SLC19A3 gene
(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards ,
OMIM, UniProtKB ,
the University of Copenhagen DISEASES
database ,
Genatlas , GeneTests ,
GAD ,
HuGE Navigator ,
and/or TGDB .)
About This Section
SLC19A3 for disorders About GeneDecksing OMIM gene information: 606152 OMIM disorders : 607483 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: S19A3_HUMAN, Q9BZV2
Defects in SLC19A3 are the cause of thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 2, biotin- or thiamine-responsive type (THMD2) [MIM:607483]. An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by episodic encephalopathy, often triggered by febrile illness, presenting as confusion, seizures, external ophthalmoplegia, dysphagia, and sometimes coma and death. If untreated, encephalopathies can result in permanent dystonia. Brain imaging may show characteristic bilateral lesions of the basal ganglia 13 diseases for SLC19A3 : About MalaCards biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease basal ganglia disease encephalopathy, thiamine-responsive thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome wernicke-korsakoff syndrome megaloblastic anemia wernicke encephalopathy anemia gastric cancer breast cancer hypoxia retinitis pancreatitis 4 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for SLC19A3 :biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome Megaloblastic anemia Wernicke encephalopathy Export disorders for SLC19A3 gene to outside databases
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Publicationsfor SLC19A3 gene (in
PubMed .
Associations of this gene to articles via
1 Entrez Gene ,
2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ,
3 HGNC ,
4 GAD ,
5 PharmGKB ,
6 HMDB ,
7 DrugBank ,
8 UniProtKB/TrEMBL ,
9 Novoseek , and/or
10 fRNAdb )
About This Section PubMed articles for SLC19A3 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 30 ): (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with SLC19A3) Utopia : connect your pdf to the dynamic world of online information
Identification and characterization of the human and mouse SLC19A3 gene: a novel member of the reduced folate family of micronutrient transporter genes. (PubMed id 11136550) 1 , 2 , 3, 9 Eudy J.D....Finnell R.H. (2000) Biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease maps to 2q36.3 and is due to mutations in SLC19A3. (PubMed id 15871139) 1 , 2 , 3 Zeng W.-Q.... Gusella J.F. (2005) Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. (PubMed id 15815621) 1 , 2 Hillier L.W....Wilson R.K. (2005) SLC19: the folate/thiamine transporter family. (PubMed id 14770311) 1 , 2 Ganapathy V.... Prasad P.D. (2004) The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334) 1 , 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004) SLC19A3 encodes a second thiamine transporter ThTr2. (PubMed id 11731220) 1 , 2 Rajgopal A.... Zhao R. (2001) Characterization of the 5'-regulatory region of the human thiamin transporter SLC19A3: in vitro and in vivo studies. (PubMed id 15217784) 1 , 9 Nabokina S.M. and Said H.M. (2004) Differentiation-dependent up-regulation of intestinal thiamin uptake: cellular and molecular mechanisms. (PubMed id 16055442) 1 , 9 Nabokina S.M....Said H.M. (2005) Biotin deficiency reduces expression of SLC19A3, a potential biotin transporter, in leukocytes from human blood. (PubMed id 15623830) 1 , 9 Vlasova T.I....Mock D.M. (2005) Down-regulation of thiamine transporter THTR2 gene expression in breast cancer and its association with resistance to apoptosis. (PubMed id 12861052) 1 , 9 Liu S....Moscow J.A. (2003)
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External Searches for SLC19A3 gene
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Specialized Databases showing SLC19A3 gene (According to PharmGKB ,
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PharmGKB entry for SLC19A3 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
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About This Section Patent Information for SLC19A3 gene: Search GeneIP for patents involving SLC19A3 GeneCards and IP: Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search
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Productsfor SLC19A3 gene (Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore , R&D Systems , OriGene , QIAGEN , GenScript , Cell Signaling Technology , SABiosciences , Novus Biologicals , Sino Biological , Enzo Life Sciences , Abcam , ProSpec , Uscn , Thermo Fisher Scientific , Gene Editing from DNA2.0 and Sirion Biotech , Clones from EMD Millipore , OriGene , GenScript , Sino Biological , DNA2.0 , SwitchGear Genomics , Vector BioLabs , Cell lines from GenScript , LifeMap BioReagents , and Sirion Biotech , PCR Arrays from SABiosciences , Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore , Tocris Bioscience , and/or
Enzo Life Sciences , In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics , Animal models from inGenious Targeting Laboratory )About This Section
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