Home
GeneCards Guide
Suite
- MalaCards
- GeneALaCart
- GeneDecks
- GeneIP
- GeneLoc
Terms and Conditions
- Terms of Use
- 3rd Party Notice
About Us
User Feedback
Mirror sites

Set Analyses:

Generates a file of GeneCards annotations for your list of genes

Advanced Search

Search By

Section (entire)

for

All GeneCards Within gene subset (to enable gene prioritization):
or upload a file of gene symbols

Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

SAT1 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 64
GCID: GC0XP023807

spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1

(Previous name: spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase )
(Previous symbol: SAT)

Explore 51 diseases affiliated with
SAT1 via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

This gene clusters with an RNA gene
Subcategory (RNA class): lncRNA

Quality score for the ORGUL clustered with this gene is 3

Aliases
Spermidine/Spermine N1-Acetyltransferase 1¹ ²		KFSD² ⁵
SSAT¹ ² ³ ⁵		KFSDX² ⁵
SAT¹ ² ³		Spermidine/Spermine N1-Acetyltransferase¹
Polyamine N-Acetyltransferase 1² ³		DC21²
Putrescine Acetyltransferase² ³		Diamine Acetyltransferase 1²
Spermidine/Spermine N(1)-Acetyltransferase 1² ³		Diamine N-Acetyltransferase 1²
SSAT-1² ³		Spermidine/Spermine N1-Acetyltransferase Alpha²
EC 2.3.1.57³ ⁸

External Ids:	HGNC: 10540¹	Entrez Gene: 6303²	Ensembl: ENSG00000130066⁷	OMIM: 313020⁵	UniProtKB: P21673³

ORGUL members:
	NONCODE:n408024

Export aliases for SAT1 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC0XP023711 GC0XP021540 GC0XP023802

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for SAT1:

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the acetyltransferase family, and is a rate-limiting enzyme in the

catabolic pathway of polyamine metabolism. It catalyzes the acetylation of spermidine and spermine, and is involved in

the regulation of the intracellular concentration of polyamines and their transport out of cells. Defects in this gene

are associated with keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans (KFSD). Alternatively spliced transcripts have been

found for this gene.(provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SAT1_HUMAN, P21673

Function: Enzyme which catalyzes the acetylation of polyamines. Substrate specificity: norspermidine = spermidine >>

spermine > N(1)-acetylspermine > putrescine. This highly regulated enzyme allows a fine attenuation of the

intracellular concentration of polyamines. Also involved in the regulation of polyamine transport out of cells. Acts

on 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,5-diaminopentane, putrescine, spermidine (forming N(1)- and N(8)-acetylspermidine), spermine,

N(1)-acetylspermidine and N(8)-acetylspermidine

Gene Wiki entry for SAT1

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000023.10 NC_018934.1 NT_167197.1

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the SAT1 gene promoter:
Sp1 HNF-4alpha2 POU3F2 HNF-4alpha1 Max PPAR-alpha Nkx6-1 NRF-2 IRF-7A
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: SAT1 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for SAT1

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat SAT1

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: Xp22.1 Ensembl cytogenetic band: Xp22.11 HGNC cytogenetic band: Xp22.1

SAT1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
SAT1 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome X GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC0XP023807: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	23,801,275 bp from pter	End:	23,804,343 bp from pter
Size:	3,069 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SAT1_HUMAN, P21673 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Diamine acetyltransferase 1

Size: 171 amino acids; 20024 Da

Subunit: Homodimer

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm

6/10 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for SAT1 (see all 10):

2B3U (3D)

2B3V (3D)

2B4B (3D)

2B4D (3D)

2B58 (3D)

2B5G (3D)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for SAT1: NX_P21673

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P21673

4/5 DME Specific Peptides for SAT1 (P21673) (see all 5)

LRLIKELAKYE

FYKRRGASDLS

GIGSEILKNLSQVA

EEGWRLFKIDKEYLLKMA

SAT1 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_002961.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000368572 ENSP00000368555 ENSP00000368553 ENSP00000368556

Reactome Protein details: P21673
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	Browse OriGene full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: SAT1 OriGene Custom Protein Services for SAT1
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for SAT1
	Novus Biologicals SAT1 Proteins Novus Biologicals SAT1 Lysate
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for SAT1
	Uscn Proteins for SAT1

Gene Ontology (GO): 3 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005622	intracellular	IDA	--
GO:0005625	soluble fraction	--	--
GO:0005829	cytosol	TAS	--

SAT1 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

SAT1 Antibody Products:

	Browse EMD Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
	Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
	OriGene Antibodies (see all 2): SAT1 OriGene Custom Antibody Services for SAT1
	GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for SAT1
	Novus Biologicals SAT1 Antibodies
	Search for Antibodies for SAT1 at Abcam
	Uscn Antibodies for SAT1
	ThermoFisher Antibodies for SAT1

Assay Products for SAT1:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for SAT1
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for SAT1

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

SAT1 for domains About GeneDecksing

2 InterPro domains/families:

IPR000182 GNAT_dom

IPR016181 Acyl_CoA_acyltransferase

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P21673

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P21673

1 Blocks protein family: IPB000182 GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SAT1_HUMAN, P21673

Similarity: Belongs to the acetyltransferase family

Similarity: Contains 1 N-acetyltransferase domain

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SAT1_HUMAN, P21673

Function: Enzyme which catalyzes the acetylation of polyamines. Substrate specificity: norspermidine = spermidine >>

spermine > N(1)-acetylspermine > putrescine. This highly regulated enzyme allows a fine attenuation of the

intracellular concentration of polyamines. Also involved in the regulation of polyamine transport out of cells. Acts

on 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,5-diaminopentane, putrescine, spermidine (forming N(1)- and N(8)-acetylspermidine), spermine,

N(1)-acetylspermidine and N(8)-acetylspermidine

Catalytic activity: Acetyl-CoA + an alkane-alpha,omega-diamine = CoA + an N-acetyldiamine

Biophysicochemical properties: Kinetic parameters: KM=3.8 uM for acetyl-coenzyme A; KM=5.7 uM for spermine; KM=22 uM

for spermidine; pH dependence: Optimum pH is 8.0;

Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 2.3.1.57¹ ²

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: SAT1 Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat SAT1
		8/14 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate SAT1 (see all 14):
		hsa-miR-320a hsa-miR-3673 hsa-miR-320d hsa-let-7a-2* hsa-miR-551b* hsa-miR-320b hsa-miR-199a-5p hsa-miR-466

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: SAT1 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for SAT1 (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: SAT1 OriGene siRNA: SAT1
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat SAT1

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for SAT1

Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for SAT1 (see all 3) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for SAT1 (see all 2) OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: SAT1 (NM_002970)
		Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for SAT1
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat SAT1

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for SAT1
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for SAT1

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for SAT1

Gene Ontology (GO): 4 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004145	diamine N-acetyltransferase activity	IEA	--
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	19060904
GO:0008080	N-acetyltransferase activity	--	--
GO:0019809	spermidine binding	IEA	--

SAT1 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for SAT1:

Synthetic lethal with imatinib

Animal Models:
Mouse knock-out Sat1^tm1Alh for SAT1
8 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 1 allele) (MGI details for Sat1):

adipose tissue	cellular	growth/size	homeostasis/metabolism	liver/biliary system
normal	reproductive system	tumorigenesis

SAT1 for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/6 super-pathways (see all 6) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Monoamines are oxidized to aldehydes by MAOA and MAOB, producing NH3 and H2O2

	putrescine degradation III	0.20			Interconversion of polyamines	0.00
	spermine and spermidine degradation I	0.00

Metabolism

Metabolism

1.00

Metabolic pathways

0.38

Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives

Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives

1.00

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

1.00

Arginine and proline metabolism

Arginine and proline metabolism

1.00

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

3 BioSystems Pathways for SAT1

	Nucleotide Metabolism
	putrescine degradation III
	spermine and spermidine degradation I

4 Reactome Pathways for SAT1

	Metabolism of polyamines
	Interconversion of polyamines
	Metabolism
	Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives

2 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for SAT1):

	Arginine and proline metabolism
	Metabolic pathways

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SAT1_HUMAN, P21673

Pathway: Amine and polyamine degradation; putrescine degradation; N-acetylputrescine from putrescine: step 1/1

SAT1 for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for SAT1

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/98 Interacting proteins for SAT1 (P21673^{1, 2, 3} ENSP00000368572⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 98)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
C7orf55-LUC7L2	Q9Y383²^,³	MINT-63591 I2D: score=5
HOXB6	P17509²^,³, ENSP00000225648⁴	MINT-66153 I2D: score=5 STRING: ENSP00000225648
LNX1	Q8TBB1²^,³, ENSP00000263925⁴	MINT-67522 I2D: score=5 STRING: ENSP00000263925
LUC7L2	Q9Y383²^,³	MINT-63591 I2D: score=5
TCF25	Q9BQ70¹^,³, ENSP00000263346⁴	EBI-711613,EBI-745182 I2D: score=5 STRING: ENSP00000263346

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/7 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 7): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001525	angiogenesis	IEP	11866539
GO:0006595	polyamine metabolic process	TAS	--
GO:0006596	polyamine biosynthetic process	TAS	--
GO:0009447	putrescine catabolic process	IEA	--
GO:0034641	cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process	TAS	--

SAT1 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

SAT1 for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Compounds for SAT1 available from Tocris Bioscience About this table

Compound	Action	CAS #
N1,N11-Diethylnorspermine tetrahydrochloride	Spermine and spermidine acetyltransferase potentiator	[121749-39-1]

9 HMDB Compounds for SAT1 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
Acetyl-CoA	S-Acetyl coenzyme A (see all 13)	72-89-9	--
Coenzyme A	Acetoacetyl coenzyme A sodium salt (see all 21)	85-61-0	--
N-Acetylputrescine	Acetylputrescine (see all 3)	18233-70-0	--
N1-Acetylspermidine	1-N-Acetylspermidine (see all 7)	14278-49-0	--
N1-Acetylspermine	N'-Acetylspermine (see all 6)	25593-72-0	--
Norspermidine	N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-Propanediamine (see all 28)	56-18-8	--
Putrescine	1,4-Butanediamine (see all 8)	110-60-1	--
Spermidine	1,5,10-Triazadecane (see all 15)	124-20-9	--
Spermine	1,5,10,14-Tetraazatetradecane (see all 18)	71-44-3	--

2 DrugBank Compounds for SAT1 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
Spermine	1, 4-Bis(aminopropyl)butanediamine (see all 5)	71-44-3	enzyme	substrate	11166157 11709547 10978316 10986239 11114236 11171097
N-ethyl-N-[3-(propylamino)propyl]propane-1,3-diamine	B33 (see all 2)	--	target	--	16455797 10592235

10/36 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for SAT1 gene (see all 36) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
denspm	96.9	98	15138709 (5), 8916930 (4), 12902979 (4), 17987291 (4) (see all 25)
n(1),n(12)-bis(ethyl)spermine	96.6	47	14592538 (6), 11166157 (4), 8360194 (4), 15905201 (4) (see all 15)
spermidine	96.3	209	18089555 (4), 7873553 (3), 15799689 (3), 7982492 (3) (see all 99)
spermine	95.8	229	18089555 (4), 18690703 (3), 8477847 (3), 7982492 (3) (see all 99)
apao	92.8	5	12653639 (3), 19589128 (1)
cpenspm	91.9	2	9326648 (1), 8818232 (1)
thialysine	88.1	6	16194533 (4), 16455797 (1), 18349109 (1)
n1-acetylspermine	86.8	2	1989509 (1), 15096507 (1)
putrescine	84.5	27	12215835 (3), 15213272 (2), 12803540 (2), 18571584 (2) (see all 18)
n1-acetylspermidine	84	6	7873553 (1), 16452302 (1), 15096507 (1), 20212040 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about SAT1

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for SAT1 gene:

NM_002970.2

Unigene Cluster for SAT1:

Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1

Hs.28491 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: BF680536

9 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000379270(uc004dau.3) ENST00000379253(uc010nfv.3) ENST00000379251

ENST00000379254 ENST00000489394(uc004dav.3) ENST00000463236 ENST00000487713

ENST00000474223 ENST00000462639

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: SAT1 Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat SAT1
		8/14 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate SAT1 (see all 14):
		hsa-miR-320a hsa-miR-3673 hsa-miR-320d hsa-let-7a-2* hsa-miR-551b* hsa-miR-320b hsa-miR-199a-5p hsa-miR-466

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: SAT1 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for SAT1 (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: SAT1 OriGene siRNA: SAT1
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat SAT1

Clone Products:		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for SAT1 (see all 3) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for SAT1 (see all 2) OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: SAT1 (NM_002970)
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for SAT1
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat SAT1

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for SAT1 Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat SAT1
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat SAT1
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat SAT1

Additional cDNA sequence:

AF251292.1 AK310078.1 AK310094.1 AK312162.1 AK315888.1 BC002503.2 BC008424.1 BT006825.1

CR450294.1 M55580.1 M77693.1 NR_027783.1

24/49 DOTS entries (see all 49):

DT.100698362 DT.454407 DT.100698353 DT.91779649 DT.91779637 DT.420346 DT.121291999 DT.100698361

DT.100773712 DT.95236826 DT.95302628 DT.91779624 DT.100698364 DT.91779721 DT.95302650 DT.91779724

DT.95302547 DT.91779631 DT.121291961 DT.100698355 DT.86840209 DT.95302661 DT.91860457 DT.121291907

24/1274 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 1274):

CB265418 BQ083997 CB265346 BM710606 BU735942 AW103538 AV708919 AI358737

AI601249 CR601221 AA011215 CR594832 BM766296 AI270542 BI335926 BG546499

CR610144 BM785134 BM844977 AA318127 AI190759 CD743236 AU134115 BM762097

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/10 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for SAT1 (see all 10) About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	·	1c	^	2	^	3a	·	3b	·	3c	·	3d	^	4a	·	4b	^	5a	·	5b	·	5c	^	6	^	7a	·	7b	·	7c	·	7d
SP1:													-		-				-		-		-
SP2:													-		-		-		-		-		-
SP3:													-		-		-		-		-		-
SP4:															-		-		-		-		-
SP5:													-		-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for SAT1

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

SAT1 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: TTTGAAATGA

About this image
See SAT1 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for SAT1

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.28491

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including SAT1:

Amino Acid Metabolism I in human mouse rat

Drug Metabolism: Phase II Enzymes in human mouse rat

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for SAT1 Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat SAT1
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat SAT1
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat SAT1

In Situ
Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for SAT1

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

Orthologs for SAT1 gene from 8/23 species (see all 23) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	SAT1¹	spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1	77.97(n) 87.13(a)		374006 NM_204186.1 NP_989517.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	SAT1⁶	--	80(a)	1 ↔ 1	3(125678396-125685320)
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	Xl.4880²	Xenopus laevis transcribed sequence with moderate similarity more	78.37(n)		CA986298.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	wufr42a11²	wufr42a11	77.47(n)		386952 BM140846.1
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	CG4210⁶	--	28(a)	1 → many	3R(11039696-11040567)
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	D2023.4⁶	Protein D2023.4	25(a)	1 → many	V(11825011-11825745)
thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)	eudicotyledons	AT2G39020⁶ AT2G39030⁶	acyl-CoA N-acyltransferases-like protein	19(a) 18(a)	many ↔ many many ↔ many	2(16295315-16296328) 2(16298227-16299202)
rice (Oryza sativa)	Liliopsida	--	acetyltransferase, GNAT family, putative, expresse...	19(a)	1 → many	3(2842443-2843827)

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for SAT1 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for SAT1 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for SAT1 gene

SAT2² SATL1²

4 SIMAP similar genes for SAT1 using alignment to 4 protein entries: SAT1_HUMAN (see all proteins):

AILE3 SAT SAT2 SATL1

SAT1 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

1 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogene for SAT1
PGOHUM00000246068

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr X pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs189949920^1,2		--	23799325(+)	`TTTTTA/TAAATT`	2	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs12832660^1,2	C,	--	23799349(+)	`acggcA/Gtttta`	2	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs5925934^1,2	C,F,A,H,	--	23799472(+)	`TCTGCT/CTTTGC`	2	--	us2k¹		18		NS EA NA WA CSA	1973
rs12838869^1,2	C,	--	23799543(+)	`CTAGGA/GGGATT`	2	--	us2k¹ tfbs³		1		NA	2
rs6526342^1,2	C,F,A,H,	--	23799738(+)	`AGGAGA/CGCTTG`	2	--	us2k¹		25		NS EA NA WA CSA	2397
rs182899168^1,2		--	23799774(+)	`TTAGAC/TCGCTA`	2	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs185859650^1,2		--	23799828(+)	`AGCCAA/TCTTCT`	2	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs1960264^1,2	C,F,H,	--	23799875(+)	`TTGGCT/CGGGCA`	2	--	us2k¹		6		NA CSA	13
rs191054876^1,2		--	23799926(+)	`AGGTGA/GGAGGA`	2	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs928931^1,2	C,F,H,	--	23799933(+)	`AGGAGT/CACTTG`	2	--	us2k¹ tfbs³		5		NA CSA	11

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for SAT1 (23801275 - 23804343 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for SAT1: --
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): SAT1

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

Search QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing SAT1

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for SAT1

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

SAT1 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 313020
OMIM disorders: 308800
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SAT1_HUMAN, P21673

Defects in SAT1 may be a cause of keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans X-linked (KFSDX) [MIM:308800]. A

rare disorder affecting the skin and the eye. Affected men show thickening of the skin of the neck, ears, and

extremities, especially the palms and soles, loss of eyebrows, eyelashes and beard, thickening of the eyelids with

blepharitis and ectropion, and corneal degeneration

20/51 diseases for SAT1 (see all 51): About MalaCards

keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans keratosis tick-borne encephalitis venezuelan equine encephalitis

non-small cell lung carcinoma motion sickness aids phobia phobia

adenoid cystic carcinoma corneal degeneration ectropion systemic lupus erythematosus

blepharitis lupus erythematosus encephalitis basal cell carcinoma

cerebral palsy mood disorder adenoiditis acute pancreatitis

1 disease from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for SAT1:

Keratosis follicularis

10/18 Novoseek disease relationships for SAT1 gene (see all 18) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
ehrlich ascites tumor	54.1	4	1311643 (2), 1581359 (1)
carcinoma non-small cell lung	49.4	4	8573111 (1), 12697027 (1), 10430062 (1)
lung carcinoma	48.2	12	8573111 (3), 2241897 (2), 12697027 (2), 1989509 (1) (see all 6)
melanoma	36.5	14	1503400 (3), 1989509 (2), 8425191 (2), 9224814 (1) (see all 8)
colon cancer	34.2	5	14506281 (2), 16262603 (1), 16637064 (1), 16849586 (1)
prostate carcinoma	32.2	1	15096507 (1)
ovarian carcinoma	31.5	4	14592538 (1), 20031193 (1), 15905201 (1)
cancer lung	31.1	7	9717831 (1), 12827295 (1), 8411017 (1), 7559809 (1) (see all 6)
solid tumor	24.8	4	8033120 (1), 15138709 (1), 1417826 (1), 10430062 (1)
acute pancreatitis	21.4	1	16452302 (1)

Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: SAT1 (10 documents)

Export disorders for SAT1 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for SAT1 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 193):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with SAT1)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Structure of the human spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase gene (exon/intron gene organization and localization to Xp22.1). (PubMed id 1417826)^{1, 2, 3, 9} Xiao L.... Casero R.A. Jr. (1992)
Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone that codes for human spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase. (PubMed id 1985966)^{1, 2, 3} Casero R.A. Jr....Pegg A.E. (1991)
Differential transcription of the human spermidine/spermine N1- acetyltransferase (SSAT) gene in human lung carcinoma cells. (PubMed id 8573111)^{1, 2, 9} Xiao L. and Casero R.A. Jr. (1996)
Structures of wild-type and mutant human spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase, a potential therapeutic drug target. (PubMed id 16455797)^{2, 7, 9} Bewley M.C....Flanagan J.M. (2006)
Mechanistic and structural analysis of human spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase. (PubMed id 17516632)^{1, 2, 9} Hegde S.S....Blanchard J.S. (2007)
Gene dosage of the spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase (SSAT) gene with putrescine accumulation in a patient with a Xp21.1p22.12 duplication and keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans (KFSD). (PubMed id 12215835)^{1, 2, 9} Gimelli G.... Seri M. (2002)
High specific induction of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase in a human large cell lung carcinoma. (PubMed id 2241897)^{1, 2, 9} Casero R.A. Jr.... Pegg A.E. (1990)
Crystal structure of human spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (hSSAT): the first structure of a new sequence family of transferase homologous superfamily. (PubMed id 16544326)^{1, 2} Zhu Y.Q....Wang D.C. (2006)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Characterization of a full-length cDNA which codes for the human spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase. (PubMed id 1652956)^{1, 2} Xiao L.... Casero R.A. Jr. (1991)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section

		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 6303	HGNC: 10540	AceView: SAT	Ensembl:ENSG00000130066	euGenes: HUgn6303
ECgene: SAT1	Kegg: 6303	H-InvDB: SAT1

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for SAT1	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

Intellectual Property for SAT1 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

About This Section

Patent Information for SAT1 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving SAT1

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences),
In Situ Hybridization Assays from
Advanced Cell Diagnostics
About This Section


	EMD Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
	EMD Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
	EMD Millipore Immunoassay Services
	EMD Millipore Target Screening & Profiling Services

	Browse Antibodies		Browse Cell Culture Products
	Browse ELISAs		Browse Flow Cytometry Kits
	Browse Primer Pairs		Browse Kinase Activity Assays/Reagents
	Browse ELISpot Kits/Development Modules		Browse TFB/Immunoprecipitation Assays
	Browse Apoptosis Detection Kits/Reagents		Browse Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway (UPP) Assay Kits/Reagents
	Browse DNA Damage/Repair Kits/Reagents		Browse Multiplex/Array Assay Kits/Reagents
	Browse Cell Selection/Detection Kits/Reagents		Browse Secondary Antibodies/Controls/Staining Reagents
	Browse Phosphatase Activity Assays/Reagents		Browse Recombinant/Natural Proteins

	OriGene Antibodies for SAT1		OriGene shRNA RFP for SAT1
	OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for SAT1		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for SAT1
	OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate for SAT1		Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	OriGene siRNA for SAT1		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone for SAT1
	OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for SAT1		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for SAT1
	Browse OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector		Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
	Browse OriGene basic RS shRNAs		Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
	Browse OriGene full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells		OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
	OriGene Custom Antibody Services for SAT1		OriGene Custom Protein Services for SAT1
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development

	QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of in human, mouse, rat SAT1
	Search QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing SAT1
	QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat SAT1
	QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat SAT1
	QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat SAT1
	QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat SAT1

	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for SAT1		GenScript cDNA clones with any tag delivered in your preferred vector for SAT1
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for SAT1		GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for SAT1
	GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for SAT1		CloneReady with Over 120,000 Genes
	Gene Synthesis: Any Gene in Any Vector		Vector-based siRNA and miRNA, Ready for Transfection
	Gene Mutant Library, Variants up to 10^11		Plasmid Preparation
	Custom Peptide Services

Search for Antibodies & Assays

	Regulatory tfbs in SAT1 promoter
	Search Chromatin IP Primers for SAT1
	RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat SAT1
	GNC Network for SAT1
	SABiosciences PCR Arrays including human, mouse, rat SAT1

Tocris compounds for SAT1

	Browse Sino Biological Proteins and Antibodies
	Browse Sino Biological cDNA Clones
	Antibodies/Proteins Production Services
	Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody Platform
	Bulk Purchasing

Search www.enzolifesciences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies

	Novus Tissue Slides
	SAT1 antibodies
	SAT1 proteins
	SAT1 lysates

	Search for Antibodies for SAT1 at Abcam
	See all of Abcam's Antibodies, Kits and Proteins for SAT1
	Custom Antibody / Protein Production Service
	Bulk Purchasing
	Advantages of Rabbit Monoclonal antibodies
	Abcam protocols and scientific support

Recombinant Protein for SAT1

SAT1 Proteins, Antibodies, CLIAs, and ELISAs

Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for SAT1

	Gene Synthesis
	Protein Engineering
	Variant Library Synthesis
	Codon Optimization
	Protein Production and Purification

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for SAT1

	SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids for SAT1
	SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids for SAT1

ThermoFisher Antibodies for SAT1

Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat SAT1

GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 18 Mar 2013 - Incrementals: 21 Mar 2013 , 15 Apr 2013 , 27 Apr 2013

View Random Gene

Category			VWF (GIFTS: 73) von Willebrand factor
GIFtS Group

The GeneCards human gene database gene index: 1 3 5 6 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

The GeneCards Human Gene Database

Developed at the Crown Human Genome Center, Department of Molecular Genetics, the Weizmann Institute of Science

Hot genes Disease genes SAT1 gene at Home site.

hostname: 356977-web1.xennexinc.com index build: 100 solr: 1.4

Advanced Search

Export list of displayed genes

SAT1 Gene

spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1

Aliases
for SAT1 gene

Summaries
for SAT1 gene

Genomic Views
for SAT1 gene

Proteins
for SAT1 gene

Protein Domains /
Families
for SAT1 gene

Function
for SAT1 gene

Pathways & Interactions
for SAT1 gene

Drugs & Compounds
for SAT1 gene

Transcripts
for SAT1 gene

Expression
for SAT1 gene

Orthologs
for SAT1 gene

Paralogs
for SAT1 gene

Genomic Variants
for SAT1 gene

Disorders / Diseases
for SAT1 gene

Publications
for SAT1 gene

External Searches for SAT1 gene

Genome Databases showing SAT1 gene

Other Databases showing SAT1 gene

Specialized Databases showing SAT1 gene

Intellectual Property
for SAT1 gene

Products
for SAT1 gene

View Random Gene

Advanced Search

Export list of displayed genes

SAT1 Gene

spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1

Aliasesfor SAT1 gene

Summariesfor SAT1 gene

Genomic Viewsfor SAT1 gene

Proteinsfor SAT1 gene

Protein Domains /Familiesfor SAT1 gene

Functionfor SAT1 gene

Pathways & Interactionsfor SAT1 gene

Drugs & Compoundsfor SAT1 gene

Transcriptsfor SAT1 gene

Expression for SAT1 gene

Orthologsfor SAT1 gene

Paralogsfor SAT1 gene

Genomic Variantsfor SAT1 gene

Disorders / Diseasesfor SAT1 gene

Publicationsfor SAT1 gene

External Searches for SAT1 gene

Genome Databases showing SAT1 gene

Other Databases showing SAT1 gene

Specialized Databases showing SAT1 gene

Intellectual Propertyfor SAT1 gene

Productsfor SAT1 gene

View Random Gene

Aliases
for SAT1 gene

Summaries
for SAT1 gene

Genomic Views
for SAT1 gene

Proteins
for SAT1 gene

Protein Domains /
Families
for SAT1 gene

Function
for SAT1 gene

Pathways & Interactions
for SAT1 gene

Drugs & Compounds
for SAT1 gene

Transcripts
for SAT1 gene

Expression
for SAT1 gene

Orthologs
for SAT1 gene

Paralogs
for SAT1 gene

Genomic Variants
for SAT1 gene

Disorders / Diseases
for SAT1 gene

Publications
for SAT1 gene

Intellectual Property
for SAT1 gene

Products
for SAT1 gene