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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

SAA2 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 50
GCID: GC11M018260

serum amyloid A2

 Explore 11 diseases affiliated with
SAA2 via our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for SAA2
    

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Serum Amyloid A21 2
Serum Amyloid A-2 Protein2

External Ids:    HGNC: 105141   Entrez Gene: 62892   Ensembl: ENSG000001343397   OMIM: 1047515   UniProtKB: P0DJI93   

Export aliases for SAA2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC11M019387 GC11M019209 GC11M018293 GC11M018231 GC11M018223 GC11M017943


(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SAA2_HUMAN, P0DJI9
Function: Major acute phase reactant. Apolipoprotein of the HDL complex

Gene Wiki entry for SAA2


(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000011.9  NC_018922.1  NT_009237.18  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the SAA2 gene promoter:
         AP-2alpha isoform 3   AP-1   AP-2alpha isoform 4   AP-2alpha isoform 2   AP-2alpha   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmidSAA2 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for SAA2

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat SAA2


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 11p15.1-p14   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  11p15.1   HGNC cytogenetic band: 11p15.1-p14

SAA2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
SAA2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 11         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC11M018260:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
18,260,588 bp from pter      End:
18,270,190 bp from pter
Size:
9,603 bases      Orientation:
minus strand

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SAA2_HUMAN, P0DJI9 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Serum amyloid A-2 protein precursor  
Size: 122 amino acids; 13527 Da
Subcellular location: Secreted
Secondary accessions: G3XAK9 P02735 P02736 P02737 Q16730 Q16834 Q16835 Q16879 Q3KRB3 Q6FG67 Q96QN0
Q9UCK9 Q9UCL0
Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms:  P0DJI9-1   P0DJI9-2   (No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for SAA2: NX_P0DJI9

Post-translational modifications:

  • This protein is the precursor of amyloid protein A, which is formed by the removal of approximately 24 residues from
  • the C-terminal end1
  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P0DJI9

  • SAA2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_001120852.1  NP_110381.2  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000416716   ENSP00000432370   ENSP00000435659   ENSP00000256733   ENSP00000437162  
     ENSP00000436126  

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    Uscn Proteins for SAA2

    Gene Ontology (GO): 1 cellular component term (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0034364high-density lipoprotein particle IEA--


    SAA2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    SAA2 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    1 InterPro domain/family:
     IPR000096 Serum_amyloid_A

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P0DJI9

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P0DJI9

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SAA2_HUMAN, P0DJI9
    Similarity: Belongs to the SAA family


    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SAA2_HUMAN, P0DJI9
    Function: Major acute phase reactant. Apolipoprotein of the HDL complex
    Induction: Upon cytokine stimulation

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for SAA2:
    serum amyloid A,2,acute phase reactant

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    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways  About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Selenium Pathway
    Selenium Pathway1.00
    2Folate Metabolism
    Folate Metabolism1.00


    2 BioSystems Pathways for SAA2 
        Selenium Pathway
    Folate Metabolism


    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for SAA2

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 3 interactants - click image to see more details)

    3 Interacting proteins for SAA2 (ENSP000002567334) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    APOA1ENSP000002368504STRING: ENSP00000236850
    COL4A1ENSP000003649794STRING: ENSP00000364979
    LAMA1ENSP000003743094STRING: ENSP00000374309
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 1 biological process term (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006953acute-phase response IEA--


    SAA2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    SAA2 for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for SAA2
    1 Novoseek chemical compound relationship for SAA2 gene    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    dexamethasone 21.1 1 8159722 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about SAA2 

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
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    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section

    REFSEQ mRNAs for SAA2 gene (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_001127380.2  NM_030754.4  

    Unigene Cluster for SAA2:

    Serum amyloid A2
    Hs.731376  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_001127380
    6 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000414546(uc009yhj.3) ENST00000530400 ENST00000528349 ENST00000256733(uc001mnz.4)
    ENST00000529528 ENST00000526900

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    Clone
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AK307163.1 BC020795.1 M23699.1 M23700.1 M26152.1 X51440.1 X51441.1 X51442.1 
    X51444.1 X51445.1 

    17 DOTS entries:

    DT.75101001  DT.100797172  DT.91774145  DT.95149902  DT.95149914  DT.65287444  DT.75107310  DT.91774134 
    DT.100837685  DT.101984537  DT.91676281  DT.91774130  DT.95149906  DT.100797171  DT.120759598  DT.91906861 
    DT.95149907 

    24/249 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 249):

    AA343695 AV699045 BU607521 BV189475 BX495622 BG617776 NM_030754 AI084001 
    BG616641 BG562970 BG566279 BC007026 BG618861 BX117371 BG545040 BG565030 
    BC020795 M23699 BG569210 BG618423 BG564460 BG563576 BG617803 CB117022 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure


    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    SAA2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: --

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)

    About this image
    See SAA2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for SAA2

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.731376

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SAA2_HUMAN, P0DJI9
    Tissue specificity: Expressed by the liver; secreted in plasma

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    In Situ
    Assay Products:
     

     
    Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for SAA2

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section

    This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

    Orthologs for SAA2 gene from 2/7 species (see all 7)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification
    Gene Description Human
    Similarity
    Orthology
    Type
    Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)
    Aves LOC1008581031 serum amyloid A protein-like 67.49(n)
    69.67(a)
      100858103  XM_003641333.1  XP_003641381.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)
    Actinopterygii saa6
    serum amyloid A
    59(a)
    1 → many
    7(13776635-13782564)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for SAA2 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for SAA2 (if available) 

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for SAA2 gene
    SAA12  SAA42  
    3 SIMAP similar genes for SAA2 using alignment to 4 protein entries:     SAA2_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    HuSAA1g    SAA1    SAA4

    SAA2 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing


    1 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogene for SAA2
    PGOHUM00000257805


    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SAA2_HUMAN, P0DJI9
    Polymorphism: At least 2 different SAA2 alleles have been described: SAA2.1 (SAA2alpha) and SAA2.2 (SAA2beta). We use
    here the revised nomenclature described in PubMed:10211414. The sequence shown is that of SAA2.2


    10/245 NCBI SNPs in SAA2 are shown (see all 245    About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance
    Chr 11 posSequence#AA
    Chg
    TypeMore#Allele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ----------
    rs1845202531,2
    --18259294(+) TCCGGA/GGTTCA 3 -- us2k1 int10--------
    rs749092491,2
    C,--18259381(+) TTTTAA/GGAGAG 3 -- us2k1 int13Minor allele frequency- G:0.06WA NA 240
    rs1465115931,2
    --18259516(+) AAATTC/TTTATA 3 -- us2k1 int10--------
    rs1890141711,2
    --18259584(+) TGAAAG/TAACTT 3 -- us2k1 int10--------
    rs1411472381,2
    --18259609(+) TCTCAC/TACAGT 3 -- int1 us2k10--------
    rs108329081,2
    C,F,A,H,--18259702(+) TTTTGG/ATTTCA 3 -- int1 us2k125Minor allele frequency- A:0.28NS EA NA WA 2652
    rs1814073521,2
    --18259846(+) GGAAAA/GTGAGT 3 -- us2k1 int1 ut310--------
    rs1841050961,2
    --18260008(+) CTTTCC/TCTACT 3 -- us2k1 int1 ut310--------
    rs607240301,2
    C,--18260012(+) CCCTAC/TTTTGT 3 -- us2k1 int1 ut312Minor allele frequency- T:0.10WA 120
    rs1897569621,2
    --18260018(+) TTTGTC/TTTTTT 3 -- int1 ut31 us2k10--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for SAA2 (18260588 - 18270190 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
          Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for SAA2: --
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): SAA2

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    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    SAA2 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 104751    OMIM disorders: --

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SAA2_HUMAN, P0DJI9
  • Note=Reactive, secondary amyloidosis is characterized by the extracellular accumulation in various tissues of
  • the SAA2 protein. These deposits are highly insoluble and resistant to proteolysis; they disrupt tissue structure and
    compromise function

    11 diseases for SAA2:    About MalaCards
    familial mediterranean fever    amyloidosis    bipolar disorder    rheumatoid arthritis
    hepatitis b    pertussis    arthritis    hepatitis
    obesity    schizophrenia    septic shock

    3 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for SAA2:
    Amyloidosis     Familial Mediterranean fever     Rheumatoid arthritis

    8 Novoseek disease relationships for SAA2 gene    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    amyloidosis secondary 79 1 16152805 (1)
    renal amyloidosis 72.6 5 15170927 (3), 11017802 (2)
    amyloidosis 61.4 1 14696796 (1)
    familial mediterranean fever 61.3 2 15170927 (2)
    response acute phase 57 2 8244997 (1), 12938239 (1)
    amyloid deposition 47.6 1 8268220 (1)
    necrosis 4.16 1 18175929 (1)
    tumors 0 1 18175929 (1)

    Genetic Association Database (GAD): SAA2
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: SAA2 (13 documents)

    Export disorders for SAA2 gene to outside databases

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for SAA2 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 79):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with SAA2)
        Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Influence of Serum Amyloid A (SAA1) and SAA2 gene polymorphisms on renal amyloidosis, and on SAA/C-reactive protein values in patients with familial mediterranean fever in the Turkish population. (PubMed id 15170927)1, 4, 9 Bakkaloglu A....Yilmaz E. (2004)
    2. A constitutively expressed serum amyloid A protein gene (SAA4) is closely linked to, and shares structural similarities with, an acute- phase serum amyloid A protein gene (SAA2). (PubMed id 7686132)1, 3, 9 Steel D.M....Whitehead A.S. (1993)
    3. The frequencies of the serum amyloid A2 alleles in healthy (Turkish, Azerbaijan and Kazakh) populations. (PubMed id 16152805)1, 4, 9 Tastan H....Tuzun A. (2005)
    4. The human acute-phase serum amyloid A gene family: structure, evolution and expression in hepatoma cells. (PubMed id 1656519)1, 2 Betts J.... Woo P. (1991)
    5. Heterogeneity of human serum amyloid A protein. Five different variants from one individual demonstrated by cDNA sequence analysis. (PubMed id 1971508)1, 2 Steinkasserer A.... Linke R.P. (1990)
    6. Human serum amyloid A. Three hepatic mRNAs and the corresponding proteins in one person. (PubMed id 3183061)1, 2 Kluve-Beckerman B.... Benson M.D. (1988)
    7. Structure of a human serum amyloid A gene and modulation of its expression in transfected L cells. (PubMed id 2890635)1, 2 Woo P.... Colten H.R. (1987)
    8. DNA sequence evidence for polymorphic forms of human serum amyloid A (SAA). (PubMed id 3800865)1, 2 Kluve-Beckerman B.... Benson M.D. (1986)
    9. The human serum amyloid A protein (SAA) superfamily gene cluster: mapping to chromosome 11p15.1 by physical and genetic linkage analysis. (PubMed id 8188252)1, 9 Sellar G.C....Whitehead A.S. (1994)
    10. Regulation of the human acute phase serum amyloid A genes by tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and glucocorticoids in hepatic and epithelial cell lines. (PubMed id 14871291)1, 9 Thorn C.F....Whitehead A.S. (2004)

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  

      Query String
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    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
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    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 6289 HGNC: 10514 AceView: SAA4andSAA2 Ensembl:ENSG00000134339 euGenes: HUgn6289
    ECgene: SAA2 H-InvDB: SAA2

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
      --

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for SAA2 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    Patent Information for SAA2 gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving SAA2

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



    (Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences),
    In Situ Hybridization Assays from
    Advanced Cell Diagnostics
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    GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 18 Mar 2013 - Incrementals: 21 Mar 2013 , 15 Apr 2013 , 27 Apr 2013

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