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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

S100A9 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 61
GCID: GC01P153330

S100 calcium binding protein A9

(Previous names: S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (calgranulin B), S100 calcium...)
(Previous symbols: CAGB, CFAG)

Explore 91 diseases affiliated with
S100A9 via

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(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
S100 Calcium Binding Protein A9¹ ²		Calprotectin L1H Subunit² ³
CAGB¹ ² ³ ⁵		Leukocyte L1 Complex Heavy Chain² ³
CFAG¹ ² ³ ⁵		Migration Inhibitory Factor-Related Protein 14² ³
MRP14¹ ² ³		MRP-14² ³
60B8AG¹ ²		S100 Calcium Binding Protein A9 (Calgranulin B)¹
CGLB¹ ²		L1AG²
LIAG¹ ²		Calgranulin B²
MAC387¹ ²		Calgranulin-B³
MIF¹ ²		Protein S100-A9²
NIF¹ ²		Calgranulin-B³
P14¹ ²		P14¹ ²
S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A9 (Calgranulin B)¹ ²		S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A9³

External Ids:	HGNC: 10499¹	Entrez Gene: 6280²	Ensembl: ENSG00000163220⁷	OMIM: 123886⁵	UniProtKB: P06702³

Export aliases for S100A9 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC01P151146 GC01P149113 GC01P150105 GC01P150546 GC01P150143 GC01P151596 GC01P124693

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for S100A9:

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding

motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the

regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at

least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein may function in the inhibition of

casein kinase and altered expression of this protein is associated with the disease cystic fibrosis. (provided by

RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: S10A9_HUMAN, P06702

Function: S100A9 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory

processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, can increase the bactericidal activity

of neutrophils by promoting phagocytosis via activation of SYK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 and can induce degranulation of

neutrophils by a MAPK-dependent mechanism. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora

of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid

trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and

activation of the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase. Activates NADPH-oxidase by facilitating the enzyme complex assembly at

the cell membrane, transfering arachidonic acid, an essential cofactor, to the enzyme complex and S100A8 contributes

to the enzyme assembly by directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX. The extracellular functions involve proinfammatory,

antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging and apoptosis-inducing activities. Its proinflammatory activity includes recruitment

of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration.

Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via

binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation

endproducts (AGER). Binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in

the amplification of the proinflammatory cascade. Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi and exerts its

antimicrobial activity probably via chelation of Zn(2+) which is essential for microbial growth. Can induce cell death

via autophagy and apoptosis and this occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via reactive oxygen

species (ROS) and the process involves BNIP3. Can regulate neutrophil number and apoptosis by an anti-apoptotic

effect; regulates cell survival via ITGAM/ITGB and TLR4 and a signaling mechanism involving MEK-ERK. Its role as an

oxidant scavenger has a protective role in preventing exaggerated tissue damage by scavenging oxidants. Can act as a

potent amplifier of inflammation in autoimmunity as well as in cancer development and tumor spread

Gene Wiki entry for S100A9

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000001.10 NC_018912.1 NT_004487.19

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the S100A9 gene promoter:
c-Fos AML1a CP2 AP-1 HTF ATF-2 c-Jun
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: S100A9 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for S100A9

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat S100A9

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 1q21 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 1q21.3 HGNC cytogenetic band: 1q21

S100A9 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
S100A9 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 1 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC01P153330: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	153,330,330 bp from pter	End:	153,333,503 bp from pter
Size:	3,174 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: S10A9_HUMAN, P06702 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Protein S100-A9

Size: 114 amino acids; 13242 Da

Subunit: Homodimer. Preferentially exists as a heterodimer or heterotetramer with S100A8 known as calprotectin

(S100A8/A9). S100A9 interacts with ATP2A2 (By similarity). S100A9 interacts with AGER, and with the heterodimeric

complex formed by TLR4 and LY96 in the presence of calcium and/or zinc ions. S100A9 binds quinoline-3-carboxamides in

the presence of calcium and/or zinc ions. S100A9 interacts with beta-APP40 (beta-amyloid protein 40) peptide of APP.

Calprotectin (S100A8/9) interacts with CEACAM3 and tubulin filaments in a calcium-dependent manner. Heterotetrameric

calprotectin (S100A8/A9) interacts with ANXA6 and associates with tubulin filaments in activated monocytes.

Calprotectin (S100A8/9) interacts with NCF2/P67PHOX, RAC1, RAC2, CYBA and CYBB

Subcellular location: Secreted. Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein.

Note=Predominantly localized in the cytoplasm. Upon elevation of the intracellular calcium level, translocated from

the cytoplasm to the cytoskeleton and the cell membrane. Upon neutrophil activation or endothelial adhesion of

monocytes, is secreted via a microtubule-mediated, alternative pathway

Mass spectrometry: Mass=13115; Method=MALDI; Range=2-114; Source=PubMed:11851337;

2 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for S100A9:

1IRJ (3D)

1XK4 (3D)

Secondary accessions: D3DV36 Q6FGA1 Q9NYM0 Q9UCJ1

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for S100A9: NX_P06702

Post-translational modifications:

Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation inhibits activation of tubulin polymerization¹

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P06702

S100A9 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_002956.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000357727

Human Recombinant Protein Products:

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
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	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	OriGene Purified Proteins (see all 2): S100A9 OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: S100A9 OriGene Custom Protein Services for S100A9
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for S100A9
	Novus Biologicals S100A9 Proteins Novus Biologicals S100A9 Lysate
	Sino Biological Recombinant Protein for S100A9
	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for S100A9
	Uscn Proteins for S100A9

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/8 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 8): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	--
GO:0005615	extracellular space	IEA	--
GO:0005634	nucleus	IDA	--
GO:0005730	NOT nucleolus	IDA	--
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	IDA	--

S100A9 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

S100A9 Antibody Products:

	Browse EMD Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
	R&D Systems Antibodies for S100A9
	OriGene Antibodies (see all 4): S100A9 OriGene Custom Antibody Services for S100A9
	GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for S100A9
	Novus Biologicals S100A9 Antibodies
	Abcam antibodies for S100A9
	Uscn Antibodies for S100A9
	ThermoFisher Antibodies for S100A9

Assay Products for S100A9:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	R&D Systems ELISAs for S100A9
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for S100A9
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for S100A9

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

S100A9 for domains About GeneDecksing

5 InterPro domains/families:

IPR018247 EF_Hand_1_Ca_BS

IPR011992 EF-hand-like_dom

IPR002048 EF_hand_Ca-bd

IPR013787 S100_Ca-bd_sub

IPR001751 S100/CaBP-9k_CS

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P06702

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P06702

1 Blocks protein family: IPB001751 Calcium-binding protein

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: S10A9_HUMAN, P06702

Similarity: Belongs to the S-100 family

Similarity: Contains 2 EF-hand domains

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary: