Aliases for RNASEL Gene
Aliases for RNASEL Gene
External Ids for RNASEL Gene
- HGNC: 10050
- Entrez Gene: 6041
- Ensembl: ENSG00000135828
- OMIM: 180435
- UniProtKB: Q05823
Previous HGNC Symbols for RNASEL Gene
- RNS4
- PRCA1
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for RNASEL Gene
- GC01M180070
- GC01M177972
- GC01M179063
- GC01M179782
- GC01M179274
- GC01M180809
- GC01M153780
Summaries for RNASEL Gene
-
This gene encodes a component of the interferon-regulated 2-5A system that functions in the antiviral and antiproliferative roles of interferons. Mutations in this gene have been associated with predisposition to prostate cancer and this gene is a candidate for the hereditary prostate cancer 1 (HPC1) allele. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
GeneCards Summary for RNASEL Gene
RNASEL (Ribonuclease L) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with RNASEL include prostate cancer 1 and chronic fatigue syndrome. Among its related pathways are Hepatitis C and Influenza A. GO annotations related to this gene include RNA binding and protein kinase activity. An important paralog of this gene is KIDINS220.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for RNASEL Gene
-
Endoribonuclease that functions in the interferon (IFN) antiviral response. In INF treated and virus infected cells, RNASEL probably mediates its antiviral effects through a combination of direct cleavage of single-stranded viral RNAs, inhibition of protein synthesis through the degradation of rRNA, induction of apoptosis, and induction of other antiviral genes. RNASEL mediated apoptosis is the result of a JNK-dependent stress-response pathway leading to cytochrome c release from mitochondria and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Therefore, activation of RNASEL could lead to elimination of virus infected cells under some circumstances. In the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis proposed to induce autophagy as an early stress response to small double-stranded RNA and at later stages of prolonged stress to activate caspase-dependent proteolytic cleavage of BECN1 to terminate autophagy and promote apoptosis (PubMed:26263979). Might play a central role in the regulation of mRNA turnover (PubMed:11585831).
No data available for Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for RNASEL Gene
Genomics for RNASEL Gene
Regulatory Elements for RNASEL Gene
Enhancers for RNASEL Gene
| GeneHancer Identifier | Score | Enhancer Sources | TSS distance (kb) | Number of Genes Away | Size (kb) | Transcription Factor Binding Sites within enhancer | Other Gene Targets for Enhancer |
|---|
Enhancers around RNASEL on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
Promoters for RNASEL Gene
| Ensembl Regulatory Elements (ENSRs) | TSS Distance (bp) | Size (bp) | Binding Sites for Transcription Factors within promoters |
|---|
ENSRs around RNASEL on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the RNASEL gene promoter:
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Location for RNASEL Gene
- Chromosome:
- 1
- Start:
- 182,573,634 bp from pter
- End:
- 182,589,285 bp from pter
- Size:
- 15,652 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for RNASEL Gene
Genes around RNASEL on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 1q25.3 by Ensembl
- 1q25 by Entrez Gene
- 1q25 by HGNC
RNASEL Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for RNASEL Gene
Proteins for RNASEL Gene
-
Protein details for RNASEL Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- Q05823-RN5A_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- 2-5A-dependent ribonuclease
- Protein Accession:
- Q05823
- Q5W0L2
- Q6AI46
Protein attributes for RNASEL Gene
- Size:
- 741 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 83533 Da
- Cofactor:
- Name=Mn(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29035; Name=Mg(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:18420;
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Monomer (inactive form) or homodimer. Interacts with ABCE1; this interaction inhibits the RNASEL.
Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for RNASEL Gene
Protein Expression for RNASEL Gene
Post-translational modifications for RNASEL Gene
Other Protein References for RNASEL Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for RNASEL
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- Abcam antibodies for RNASEL (Q05823)
-
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- Invitrogen Antibodies for RNASEL
- antibodies-online Antibodies for RNASEL: See all 47
- GeneTex RNASEL antibody for RNASEL
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for RNASEL
Protein Products
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for RNASEL
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- Novus Biologicals proteins for RNASEL
-
Cloud-Clone Corp. Proteins for RNASEL
- antibodies-online Proteins for RNASEL: See all 10
- Search antibodies-online for peptides
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for RNASEL
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for RNASEL Gene
Domains & Families for RNASEL Gene
Gene Families for RNASEL Gene
Protein Domains for RNASEL Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for RNASEL Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
Q05823UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:
RN5A_HUMAN :- The nine ankyrin repeats also called 2-5A sensor constitute the N-terminus 2-5A binding domain.
- Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily.
- Contains 9 ANK repeats.
- Domain:
-
- The nine ankyrin repeats also called 2-5A sensor constitute the N-terminus 2-5A binding domain.
- The protein kinase domain is predicted to be catalytically inactive. It allows the homodimerization.
- The ribonuclease domain is located in the C-terminus. A single active nuclease domain in a dimer is sufficient for ribonuclease activity (By similarity).
- Contains 1 KEN domain.
- Contains 1 protein kinase domain.
- Family:
-
- Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily.
- Similarity:
-
- Contains 9 ANK repeats.
Function for RNASEL Gene
Molecular function for RNASEL Gene
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- ribonuclease L,2,5-oligoisoadenylate dependent,interferon regulated pathway
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
- Cleaves 3 of UpNp dimers, with preference for UU and UA sequences, to sets of discrete products ranging from between 4 and 22 nucleotides in length.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot EnzymeRegulation:
- After binding to 2-5A (5-phosphorylated 2,5-linked oligoadenylates) the homodimerization and subsequent activation occurs. Inhibited by RNASEL inhibitor ABCE1/RLI, a cytoplasmic member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Endoribonuclease that functions in the interferon (IFN) antiviral response. In INF treated and virus infected cells, RNASEL probably mediates its antiviral effects through a combination of direct cleavage of single-stranded viral RNAs, inhibition of protein synthesis through the degradation of rRNA, induction of apoptosis, and induction of other antiviral genes. RNASEL mediated apoptosis is the result of a JNK-dependent stress-response pathway leading to cytochrome c release from mitochondria and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Therefore, activation of RNASEL could lead to elimination of virus infected cells under some circumstances. In the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis proposed to induce autophagy as an early stress response to small double-stranded RNA and at later stages of prolonged stress to activate caspase-dependent proteolytic cleavage of BECN1 to terminate autophagy and promote apoptosis (PubMed:26263979). Might play a central role in the regulation of mRNA turnover (PubMed:11585831).
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Induction:
- By interferons. Virus replication in higher vertebrates is restrained by IFNs that cause cells to transcribe genes encoding antiviral proteins, such as 2-5 oligoadenylate synthetases (OASs). oligoadenylate synthetase is stimulated by dsRNA to produce 5-phosphorylated, 2-5-linked oligoadenylates (2-5A), whose function is to activate RNASEL.
Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for RNASEL Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0004521 | endoribonuclease activity | NAS | 7514601 |
| GO:0004540 | ribonuclease activity | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005524 | ATP binding | IEA | -- |
| GO:0043021 | ribonucleoprotein complex binding | IEA | -- |
Phenotypes for RNASEL Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for RNASEL:
- inferred from 1 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for RNASEL:
-
- Increased vaccinia virus (VACV) infection
- Decreased viability in esophageal squamous lineage
- Decreased viability
- Decreased substrate adherent cell growth
- Decreased HIV-LTR-beta-galactosidase protein expression
- Increased cell death HMECs cells
- Synthetic lethal with gemcitabine
- Decreased viability in Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) (-/-) cell line
Animal Models for RNASEL Gene
- MGI Knock Outs for RNASEL:
-
- Rnasel tm1Slvm
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for RNASEL gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for RNASEL gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for RNASEL
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for RNASEL
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for RNASEL
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for RNASEL
miRNA for RNASEL Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target RNASEL
-
- hsa-mir-16-5p (MIRT000901)
- hsa-mir-15a-5p (MIRT000902)
- hsa-mir-335-5p (MIRT019056)
- hsa-mir-215-5p (MIRT024876)
- hsa-mir-192-5p (MIRT026865)
- hsa-mir-29a-3p (MIRT438434)
- hsa-mir-4776-3p (MIRT441865)
- hsa-mir-8070 (MIRT441866)
- hsa-mir-192-3p (MIRT441867)
- hsa-mir-4480 (MIRT441868)
- hsa-mir-409-3p (MIRT441869)
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for RNASEL
Clone Products
- OriGene clones in human for RNASEL
- OriGene ORF clones in human,mouse,rat for RNASEL
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for RNASEL
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
Cell Line Products
-
ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for RNASEL gene
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for RNASEL gene
-
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Flow Cytometry Products
No data available for Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for RNASEL Gene
Localization for RNASEL Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for RNASEL Gene
- Cytoplasm. Mitochondrion.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| cytosol | 5 |
| mitochondrion | 5 |
| nucleus | 4 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 1 |
| extracellular | 1 |
| plasma membrane | 1 |
No data available for Gene Ontology (GO) - Cellular Components for RNASEL Gene
Pathways & Interactions for RNASEL Gene
More details on SuperPathways for RNASEL| Superpath | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Influenza A |
.35
|
|
| 2 | Hepatitis C | ||
| 3 | ABC-family proteins mediated transport | ||
| 4 | Interleukin-3, 5 and GM-CSF signaling | ||
| 5 | Immune System |
.52
|
Pathways by source for RNASEL Gene
1 BioSystems pathway for RNASEL Gene
6 Reactome pathways for RNASEL Gene
3 KEGG pathways for RNASEL Gene
Interacting Proteins for RNASEL Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
Q05823-RN5A_HUMAN
ENSP00000356530
for RNASEL Gene via
MINT
STRING
UniProtKB
I2D
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006468 | protein phosphorylation | IEA,NAS | 7514601 |
| GO:0019221 | cytokine-mediated signaling pathway | TAS | -- |
| GO:0043488 | regulation of mRNA stability | IEA | -- |
| GO:0045444 | fat cell differentiation | IEA | -- |
| GO:0051607 | defense response to virus | IDA | 19923450 |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for RNASEL Gene
Transcripts for RNASEL Gene
mRNA/cDNA for RNASEL Gene
- (2) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (4) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (57) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (2) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
Unigene Clusters for RNASEL Gene
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for RNASEL
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for RNASEL
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for RNASEL
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for RNASEL
Clone Products
- OriGene clones in human for RNASEL
- OriGene ORF clones in human,mouse,rat for RNASEL
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for RNASEL
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
Flow Cytometry Products
Expression for RNASEL Gene
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for RNASEL Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Whole Blood (x4.9).
This gene is overexpressed in Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (31.5) and Cervix (12.6).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, MOPED, and MaxQB for RNASEL Gene
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for RNASEL Gene Hs.518545
mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for RNASEL Gene
Q05823-RN5A_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Highly expressed in spleen and thymus followed by prostate, testis, uterus, small intestine, colon and peripheral blood leukocytes.
- Elite partner
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for RNASEL
No data available for mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery for RNASEL Gene
Orthologs for RNASEL Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | RNASEL 35 |
|
||
| RNASEL 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | RNASEL 35 |
|
||
| RNASEL 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Rnasel 35 |
|
||
| Rnasel 16 |
|
||||
| Rnasel 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | RNASEL 35 |
|
||
| RNASEL 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Rnasel 35 |
|
||
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | RNASEL 36 |
|
OneToOne | |
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | RNASEL 36 |
|
OneToOne | |
| chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | RNASEL 35 |
|
||
| RNASEL 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | RNASEL 36 |
|
OneToOne |
- Species with no ortholog for RNASEL:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis)
- sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
- zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Paralogs for RNASEL Gene
(1) SIMAP similar genes for RNASEL Gene using alignment to 2 proteins:
Variants for RNASEL Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 01 pos | Sequence Context | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs486907 | - | 182,585,422(-) | TGCCC(A/G)AAATG | reference, missense | |
| rs627928 | - | 182,582,202(-) | GAGGA(G/T)CTGAA | reference, missense | |
| rs151296858 | - | 182,586,632(+) | CCAGC(C/T)CCCTT | reference, missense | |
| rs145787003 | - | 182,585,590(+) | GACAA(A/G)AGACT | reference, missense | |
| rs56250729 | - | 182,586,518(+) | GAGGA(C/G/T)AAAAG | reference, missense |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
60% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
8.78;
86.76% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Relevant External Links for RNASEL Gene
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for RNASEL Gene
Disorders for RNASEL Gene
(9) MalaCards diseases for RNASEL Gene - From: OMIM, ClinVar, Orphanet, DISEASES, Novoseek, and GeneCards
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| prostate cancer 1 |
|
|
| chronic fatigue syndrome |
|
|
| prostate cancer |
|
|
| west nile encephalitis |
|
|
| male reproductive organ cancer |
|
|
Search RNASEL in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
RN5A_HUMAN- Prostate cancer, hereditary, 1 (HPC1) [MIM:601518]: A condition associated with familial predisposition to cancer of the prostate. Most prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas that develop in the acini of the prostatic ducts. Other rare histopathologic types of prostate cancer that occur in approximately 5% of patients include small cell carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, prostatic ductal carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma (basaloid), signet-ring cell carcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma. Note=Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry. {ECO:0000305 PubMed:11799394, ECO:0000305 PubMed:11941539, ECO:0000305 PubMed:12415269, ECO:0000305 PubMed:17344846}.
Relevant External Links for RNASEL
No data available for Genatlas for RNASEL Gene
Publications for RNASEL Gene
- Germline alterations of the RNASEL gene, a candidate HPC1 gene at 1q25, in patients and families with prostate cancer. (PMID: 11941539) Roekman A. … Schleutker J. (Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2002) 3 4 23 48 67
- Single and multivariate associations of MSR1, ELAC2, and RNASEL with prostate cancer in an ethnic diverse cohort of men. (PMID: 20086112) Beuten J. … Leach R.J. (Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2010) 3 23
- Endoribonuclease L (RNase L) regulates the myogenic and adipogenic potential of myogenic cells. (PMID: 19851509) Salehzada T. … Bisbal C. (PLoS ONE 2009) 3 23
- Nucleotide oligomerization domain-2 interacts with 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase type 2 and enhances RNase-L function in THP-1 cells. (PMID: 19853919) Dugan J.W. … Davey M.P. (Mol. Immunol. 2009) 3 23
- RNASEL and RNASEL-inhibitor variation and prostate cancer risk in Afro-Caribbeans. (PMID: 18189233) Shea P.R. … Ferrell R.E. (Prostate 2008) 3 23
Products for RNASEL Gene
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- Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for RNASEL
- Browse OriGene ELISA Kits
- Custom Assay Services
- OriGene Purified Proteins for RNASEL
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for RNASEL
- Origene Custom Protein Services for RNASEL
- Origene siRNA, shRNA, mouse_rna, rat_shrna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for RNASEL
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- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for RNASEL
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- Novus Biologicals
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- Cloud-Clone Corp. Antibodies for RNASEL
- Cloud-Clone Corp. Proteins for RNASEL
- Cloud-Clone Corp Assay Kits for RNASEL
- antibodies-online Antibodies for RNASEL: See all 47
- antibodies-online Kits for RNASEL: See all 4
- antibodies-online Proteins for RNASEL: See all 10
- Search antibodies-online for peptides
- GeneTex RNASEL antibody for RNASEL
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for RNASEL
- ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for RNASEL gene
- ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for RNASEL gene
- ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for RNASEL gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for RNASEL gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for RNASEL gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for RNASEL gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for RNASEL
- Search ViGene Biosciences for RNASEL
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for RNASEL
- Search Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) for RNASEL siRNA/shRNA
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for RNASEL
Sources for RNASEL Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) I2D
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25) DrugBank
- (26) HMDB
- (27) UniGene
- (28) AceView
- (29) RNAdb
- (30) ASD
- (31) ECgene
- (32) GeneAnnot
- (33) SAGE
- (34) SOURCE
- (35) HomoloGene
- (36) PanEnsembl
- (37) euGenes
- (38) SGD
- (39) FlyBase
- (40) WormBase
- (41) Pseudogene
- (42) DGV
- (43) dbSNP
- (44) HapMap
- (45) GenAtlas
- (46) GeneTests
- (47) HGMD
- (48) GAD
- (49) LSDB
- (50) BGMUT
- (51) HuGE
- (52) eBioscience
- (53) Atlas
- (54) Cell Signaling Technology
- (55) GenBank
- (56) H-invDB
- (57) HORDE
- (58) HUGE
- (59) IMGT
- (60) Leiden
- (61) MILLIPORE
- (62) miRBase
- (63) DME
- (64) Nature
- (65) NCBI
- (66) OriGene
- (67) PubMed
- (68) R&D Systems
- (69) Salk
- (70) TGDB
- (71) Tufts
- (72) YEDA
- (73) CROW21
- (74) Tocris
- (75) Abcam
- (76) Novus
- (77) ProSpec
- (78) Sino Biological
- (79) GenScript
- (80) Qiagen
- (81) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (82) Enzo Life Sciences
- (83) OCA
- (84) Proteopedia
- (85) MOPED
- (86) SPIRE
- (87) neXtProt
- (88) Reactome
- (89) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (90) fRNAdb
- (91) DISEASES
- (92) SIMAP
- (93) GenomeRNAi
- (94) LifeMap
- (95) miRTarBase
- (96) MalaCards
- (97) Invitrogen
- (98) BitterDB
- (99) Vector BioLabs
- (100) ESI-BIO
- (101) RefSeq
- (102) BioSystems
- (103) MaxQB
- (104) IUPHAR
- (105) BioGPS
- (106) Illumina
- (107) COMPARTMENTS
- (108) HOMER
- (109) PaxDb
- (110) ApexBio
- (111) Addgene
- (112) Advanced Cell Diagnostics
- (113) antibodies-online
- (114) CYP
- (115) NONCODE
- (116) SwitchGear Genomics
- (117) TreeFam
- (118) PathCards
- (119) GeneReviews
- (120) GeneTex
- (121) Taconic Biosciences
- (122) GTEx
- (123) ProteomicsDB
- (124) SCBT
- (125) DGIdb
- (126) ClinicalTrials
- (127) FDA Approved Drugs
- (128) RVIS
- (129) SIGNOR
- (130) diseasecard
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