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RELA Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 72

GC11M065178

v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian)
(Previous name: nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 3 )
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database
(Previous symbol: NFKB3)

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc , and/or ⁷Ensembl, ⁸miRBase)
About This Section

Aliases
MGC131774 ^²
NFKB3 ^², ³, ⁵
p65 ^¹, ²

Descriptions
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p65 subunit ^³
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 3 ^¹, ²
v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 3 (p65)) ^²
v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A ^²
v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) ^²
v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 3, p65 ^²

External Ids
HGNC: 9955¹
Entrez Gene: 5970²
UniProtKB: Q04206³
Ensembl: ENSG00000173039⁷

Search outside databases for aliases for RELA gene

Previous GC identifers: GC11M067936 GC11M067102 GC11M065671 GC11M065196 GC11M065172

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

EntrezGene summary for RELA:

NFKB1 (MIM 164011) or NFKB2 (MIM 164012) is bound to REL (MIM 164910), RELA, or RELB (MIM 604758)

to form the NFKB complex. The p50 (NFKB1)/p65 (RELA) heterodimer is the most abundant form of

NFKB. The NFKB complex is inhibited by I-kappa-B proteins (NFKBIA, MIM 164008 or NFKBIB, MIM

604495), which inactivate NFKB by trapping it in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of serine residues

on the I-kappa-B proteins by kinases (IKBKA, MIM 600664, or IKBKB, MIM 603258) marks them for

destruction via the ubiquitination pathway, thereby allowing activation of the NFKB complex.

Activated NFKB complex translocates into the nucleus and binds DNA at kappa-B-binding motifs such

as 5-prime GGGRNNYYCC 3-prime or 5-prime HGGARNYYCC 3-prime (where H is A, C, or T; R is an A or G

purine; and Y is a C or T pyrimidine).[supplied by OMIM]

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TF65_HUMAN, Q04206

Function: NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor which is present in almost all cell

types and is involved in many biological processed such as inflammation, immunity,

differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric

complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50,

REL and NFKB2/p52 and the heterodimeric p65-p50 complex appears to be most abundant one. The

dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have

distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity

and specificity. Different dimer combinations act as transcriptional activators or repressors,

respectively. NF-kappa-B is controlled by various mechanisms of post-translational modification

and subcellular compartmentalization as well as by interactions with other cofactors or

corepressors. NF-kappa-B complexes are held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state complexed with

members of the NF-kappa-B inhibitor (I-kappa-B) family. In a conventional activation pathway,

I-kappa-B is phosphorylated by I-kappa-B kinases (IKKs) in response to different activators,

subsequently degraded thus liberating the active NF-kappa-B complex which translocates to the

nucleus. NF-kappa-B heterodimeric p65-p50 and p65-c-Rel complexes are transcriptional activators.

The NF-kappa-B p65-p65 complex appears to be involved in invasin-mediated activation of IL-8

expression. The inhibitory effect of I-kappa-B upon NF-kappa-B the cytoplasm is exerted primarily

through the interaction with p65. p65 shows a weak DNA-binding site which could contribute

directly to DNA binding in the NF-kappa-B complex

Gene Wiki entry for RELA

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

Genomic View:

UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the RELA gene

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 11q13 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 11q13.1 HGNC cytogenetic band: 11q13

RELA Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 11 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC11M065178: (about GC identifiers)

Start:	65,177,649 bp from pter
End:	65,186,959 bp from pter
Size:	9,311 bases
Orientation:	minus strand

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000011.8 NT_033903.7

(According to ¹UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to ²Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TF65_HUMAN, Q04206 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Transcription factor p65

Size: 551 amino acids; 60219 Da

Subunit: Component of the NF-kappa-B p65-p50 complex. Component of the NF-kappa-B p65-c-Rel

complex. Homodimer; component of the NF-kappa-B p65-p65 complex. Component of the NF-kappa-B

p65-p52 complex. May interact with ETHE1. Binds AES and TLE1. Interacts with TP53BP2. Binds to and

is phosphorylated by the activated form of either RPS6KA4 or RPS6KA5. Interacts with ING4 and this

interaction may be indirect. Interacts with CARM1, USP48 and UNC5CL. Interacts with IRAK1BP1 (By

similarity).Interacts with NFKBID (By similarity). Interacts with NFKBIA. Interacts with GSK3B.

Interacts with NFKBIB (By similarity). Interacts with NFKBIE. Interacts with NFKBIZ (By

similarity). Part of a 70-90 kDa complex at least consisting of CHUK, IKBKB, NFKBIA, RELA, IKBKAP

and MAP3K14. Interacts with HDAC3; HDAC3 mediates the deacetylation of RELA. Interacts with HDAC1;

the interaction requires non-phosphorylated RELA. Interacts with CBP; the interaction requires

phosphorylated RELA. Interacts (phosphorylated at 'Thr-254') with PIN1; the interaction inhibits

p65 binding to NFKBIA. Interacts with SOCS1. Interacts with UXT. Interacts with MTDH. Interacts

with human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) protein M2-1

Subcellular location: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Note=Nuclear, but also found in the cytoplasm in an

inactive form complexed to an inhibitor (I-kappa-B)

PDB structure from and Proteopedia :

1NFI (3D)

2O61 (3D)

Secondary accessions: Q6GTV1 Q6SLK1

Alternative splicing: 4 isoforms: Q04206-1 Q04206-2 Q04206-3 Q04206-4

Post-translational modifications:

Ubiquitinated, leading to its proteosomal degradation. Degradation is required for termination of

NF-kappa-B response¹

Phosphorylation on 'Ser-536' stimulates acetylation on 'Lys-310' and interaction with CBP; the

phosphorylated and acetylated forms show enhanced transcriptional activity¹

Reversibly acetylated; the acetylation seems to be mediated by CBP, the deacetylation by HDAC3.

Acetylation at 'Lys-122' enhances DNA binding and impairs association with NFKBIA. Acetylation at

'Lys-310' is required for full transcriptional activity in the absence of effects on DNA binding

and NFKBIA association. Acetylation can also lower DNA-binding and results in nuclear export¹

View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite²

REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts):

NP_001138610.1 NP_068810.3

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000310229 ENSP00000311508 ENSP00000384273

Human Recombinant Proteins

	Browse Drug Discovery Central at Invitrogen for human recombinant proteins
	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
	Browse Human Recombinant Proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Enzo Life Sciences proteins for RELA
	Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (NFkB, NFkB p65)
	Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (RELA)

OriGene Purified Recombinant Human Protein: RELA

5 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005634	nucleus	IDA	3140380
GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	EXP	10723127
GO:0005667	transcription factor complex	IDA	12048232
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	IDA	3140380
GO:0005829	cytosol	EXP	10723127

About this table

Antibodies for RELA:

	Invitrogen Antibodies for RELA
	Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of RELA
	Sigma-Aldrich Antibodies for RELA
	R&D Systems Antibodies for RELA
	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for RELA (NF-KappaB p65)
	Antibodies from Abcam (NFkB, NFkB p65), each with their Abpromise^SM
	Browse Abnova for Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies
	Novus Biologicals Antibodies for RELA

Assays for RELA:

	Invitrogen Assays for RELA
	Millipore Kits and Assays for the Analysis of RELA
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Sandwich ELISA Kits for RELA (NF-KappaB p65)
	Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q04206

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q04206

3 Blocks protein families:

IPB000451 NF-kappa-B/Rel/dorsal family

IPB002909 Cell surface receptor IPT/TIG

IPB011539 Rel homology

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TF65_HUMAN, Q04206

Similarity: Contains 1 RHD (Rel-like) domain

(According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (RELA)
		Millipore RNAi Products for the Analysis of RELA Gene knock-down
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (RELA)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 2): NM_001145138

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for RELA

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for RELA

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for RELA

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Clones:		Invitrogen Clones for RELA
		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore

OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_001145138
Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_001145138
untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_001145138

Primers:

Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers

OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_021975