RDH16 Gene
protein-coding GIFtS: 52
GCID: GC12M057346
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|
retinol dehydrogenase 16 (all-trans)(Previous name: retinol dehydrogenase 16 (all-trans and 13-cis) )
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Aliases
for RDH16 gene
(According to
1HGNC,
2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot,
4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc,
7Ensembl,
8DME,
9miRBase,
and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
|
| Aliases |
|---|
| Retinol Dehydrogenase 16 (All-Trans)1 2 | | Retinol Dehydrogenase 162 | | RODH-41 2 | | Short Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase Family 9C, Member 82 | | SDR9C81 2 | | EC 1.1.-.-3 | | Retinol Dehydrogenase 16 (All-Trans And 13-Cis)1 2 | | RODH43 | | Microsomal NAD(+)-Dependent Retinol Dehydrogenase 42 3 | | RoDH-43 | | Sterol/Retinol Dehydrogenase2 3 | | EC 1.1.18 | | Microsomal NAD+-Dependent Retinol Dehydrogenase 42 | | EC 1.1.1.1058 |
Export aliases for RDH16 gene to outside databasesPrevious GC identifers: GC12M055632 GC12M054383 |
Summaries
for RDH16 gene(According to Entrez Gene,
Tocris Bioscience,
Wikipedia's
Gene Wiki,
PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot,
and/or
UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
|
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RDH16_HUMAN, O75452Function: Oxidoreductase with a preference for NAD. Oxidizes all-trans-retinol and 13-cis-retinol to the correspondingaldehydes. Has higher activity towards CRBP-bound retinol than with free retinol. Oxidizes 3-alpha-hydroxysteroids.Oxidizes androstanediol and androsterone to dihydrotestosterone and androstanedione. Can also catalyze the reversereaction
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Genomic Views
for RDH16 gene
(According to
GeneLoc and/or
HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to
UCSC (hg19) and
Ensembl (release 69),
Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to
QIAGEN,
SABiosciences, and/or
SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
| RefSeq DNA sequence:- NC_000012.11 NC_018923.1 NT_029419.12
Regulatory elements:
 SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the RDH16 gene promoter:
SRF c-Fos USF1 AP-1 SRF (504 AA) USF2 USF-1:USF-2 YY1 USF-1 c-Jun
Other transcription factors
Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for RDH16
Epigenetics:
| | QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat RDH16 |
Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 12q13.3 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 12q13.3 HGNC cytogenetic band: 12q13.3RDH16 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to
 (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
GeneLoc information about chromosome 12 GeneLoc Exon Structure GeneLoc location for GC12M057346: view genomic region
(about GC identifiers)
Start:
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57,345,215 bp from pter |
End:
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57,353,158 bp from pter |
Size:
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7,944 bases |
Orientation:
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minus strand |
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Proteins
for RDH16 gene
(According to
1UniProtKB,
HORDE,
neXtProt,
Ensembl,
and/or Reactome,
Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus,
Specific Peptides from DME,
Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb,
RefSeq according to NCBI,
PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia,
Recombinant Proteins
from
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
GenScript,
Enzo Life Sciences,
OriGene,
Novus Biologicals,
Sino Biological,
ProSpec, and/or
Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
OriGene,
GenScript,
Cell Signaling Technology,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or
Uscn,
Ontologies according to Gene
Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and
Entrez Gene,
Antibodies by
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
GenScript,
Cell Signaling Technology,
OriGene,
Novus Biologicals,
Thermo Fisher Scientific,
Abcam, and/or
Uscn)
About This Section
|
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RDH16_HUMAN, O75452 (See
protein sequence)Recommended Name: Retinol dehydrogenase 16 Size: 317 amino acids; 35673 Da
Subcellular location: Microsome membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane;Single-pass type IV membrane protein (Potential)
Secondary accessions: Q9UNV2Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for RDH16: NX_O75452
Post-translational modifications:
Not N-glycosylated1
View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2View neXtProt modification sites for NX_O75452
4/5 DME Specific Peptides for RDH16 (O75452) (see all 5)
RDH16 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image 
REFSEQ proteins: NP_003699.3
ENSEMBL proteins: ENSP00000381206
Human Recombinant Protein Products for RDH16:
Gene Ontology (GO): 4 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table
RDH16 for ontologies About GeneDecksing
RDH16 Antibody Products:
Assay Products for RDH16: |
Protein
Domains /
Families
for RDH16 gene(According to InterPro, ProtoNet,
UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section
|
RDH16 for domains About GeneDecksing
4 InterPro domains/families:Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry O75452ProtoNet protein and cluster: O75452 2 Blocks protein families: IPB002198 Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase SDR IPB002347 Glucose/ribitol dehydrogenase family signature
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RDH16_HUMAN, O75452Similarity: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family |
Function
for RDH16 gene
(According to 1UniProtKB,
Genatlas,
LifeMap Discovery™,
IUBMB, and/or
2DME,
Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi,
Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
inGenious Targeting Laboratory,
bound targets from SABiosciences,
miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase,
shRNA from
OriGene,
Sirion Biotech,
RNAi from
EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from
OriGene,
QIAGEN,
microRNA from QIAGEN,
Gene Editing from DNA2.0,
Sirion Biotech,
Clones from EMD Millipore,
OriGene,
SwitchGear Genomics,
GenScript,
Sino Biological,
DNA2.0,
and Vector BioLabs,
Cell Lines from GenScript,
LifeMap BioReagents,
Sirion Biotech,
In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics,
Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via
Entrez Gene.)
About This Section
|
Molecular Function:
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: RDH16_HUMAN, O75452Function: Oxidoreductase with a preference for NAD. Oxidizes all-trans-retinol and 13-cis-retinol to the correspondingaldehydes. Has higher activity towards CRBP-bound retinol than with free retinol. Oxidizes 3-alpha-hydroxysteroids.Oxidizes androstanediol and androsterone to dihydrotestosterone and androstanedione. Can also catalyze the reversereactionEnzyme regulation: Inhibited by citral, perillyl alcohol, geraniol, farnesol and geranyl geraniolBiophysicochemical properties: Kinetic parameters: KM=0.14 uM for androsterone; KM=0.22 uM for androstanediol; KM=0.80uM for dihydrotestosterone; KM=0.13 uM for NAD; KM=190 uM for NADP;Induction: Transiently up-regulated by retinoic acid Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB): EC 1.1.-.-1 EC 1.1.12 EC 1.1.1.1052
Gene Ontology (GO): 3 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table
RDH16 for ontologies About GeneDecksing
Animal Models:
Clone
Products: |  | Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore | |  | OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for RDH16 (see all 4)
OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for RDH16
OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis,
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Synthesis Service for RDH16 | |  | Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat RDH16 |
In Situ Assay
Products: |
 | Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for RDH16 |
|
Pathways & Interactions
for RDH16 gene
(Pathways according to
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
Cell Signaling Technology,
KEGG,
PharmGKB,
BioSystems,
Reactome,
Tocris Bioscience,
GeneGo (Thomson Reuters),
QIAGEN,
and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks,
Interaction Networks according to
SABiosciences,
and/or STRING,
Interactions according to 1UniProtKB,
2MINT,
3I2D, and/or
4STRING,
with links to IntAct and
Ensembl,
Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via
Entrez Gene).
About This Section
|
Unified GeneCards pathways About this table
See pathways by source
| Super-pathway | contained gene-specific pathways |
|---|
| 1 | Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450 | | | 2 | Metabolism | | | 3 | retinoate biosynthesis II | |
Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways
1  BioSystems Pathway for RDH16
2 
Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for RDH16):
RDH16 for pathways About GeneDecksing
Interactions:
Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for RDH16
STRING Interaction
Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 9)
5/9 Interacting proteins for RDH16 (ENSP000003812064) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 9)About this table
Gene Ontology (GO): 1 biological process term (GO ID links to tree view): About this table
RDH16 for ontologies About GeneDecksing
|
Drugs & Compounds
for RDH16 gene(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences,
EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience
HMDB,
BitterDB, and/or
Novoseek, and Drugs according to
DrugBank,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or
PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news
search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section
|
 Browse Tocris compounds for RDH16
4 HMDB Compounds for RDH16 About this table
| Compound | Synonyms |
CAS
# | PubMed Ids |
|---|
| Androsterone | (3R,5S,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one (see all 28) | 53-41-8 | 12646198 | | Androstanediol | Androstane-3,17-diol (see all 10) | 25126-76-5 | -- | | Farnesol | 2-cis,6-trans-Farnesol (see all 7) | 4602-84-0 | -- | | NAD | 3-Carbamoyl-1-D-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate (see all 28) | 53-84-9 | -- |
Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about RDH16
|
Transcripts
for RDH16 gene(Secondary structures according to
fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene
(Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or
AceView,
transcript ids from Ensembl
with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc,
alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or
ECgene,
RNAi Products from
EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from
OriGene,
QIAGEN,
shRNA from
OriGene,
Sirion Biotech,
microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from
OriGene,
SwitchGear Genomics,
GenScript,
DNA2.0,
Vector BioLabs,
Primers from
OriGene,
SABiosciences, and/or
QIAGEN
)
About This Section
|
REFSEQ mRNAs for RDH16 gene: NM_003708.3 Unigene Cluster for RDH16: Retinol dehydrogenase 16 (all-trans) Hs.134958 [show with all ESTs]Unigene Representative Sequence: AB2093322 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant: ENST00000398138(uc001smi.4 uc009zpa.3) ENST00000360752
Clone
Products: | | OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for RDH16 (see all 4)
OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for RDH16
OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis,
variant library, vector shuttling
| | | GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: RDH16 (NM_003708) | | | DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene
Synthesis Service for RDH16 | | | Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat RDH16 |
Additional cDNA sequence: AB209332.1 AF057034.1 AF086735.1 AK311025.1 DQ499468.1 6 DOTS entries: DT.97834399 DT.65288228 DT.40244852 DT.95335282 DT.40191150 DT.95335279 24/25 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 25): AV647258 AV647598 CB111911 AF057034 AW449664 AV647688 AA312392 BM753987 BM825775 BM742307 BM772123 CB163679 NM_003708 AI093928 AI439848 AF086735 AV647479 T50791 T68870 AV661181 T67674 H61508 AV661130 AW905448
GeneLoc Exon Structure
2 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for RDH16 About this scheme
| ExUns: | 1 | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4 |
|---|
|
| SP1: | | | | | | | | | |
| SP2: | | | - | | | | | |
ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for RDH16
|
Expression
for RDH16 gene
(RNA expression data according to
H-InvDB,
NONCODE,
miRBase, and
RNAdb,
Expression images according to data from
BioGPS,
Illumina Human BodyMap, and
CGAP
SAGE,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks,
in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™,
plus additional links to
Genevestigator, and/or
SOURCE, and/or
BioGPS, and/or
UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from
SABiosciences,
Primers from
OriGene,
SABiosciences, and/or
QIAGEN,
In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section
| RDH16 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: GATTTGGGGT
About this image
See RDH16 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for RDH16
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.134958
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RDH16_HUMAN, O75452Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in adult liver (at protein level). Detected in endometrium, liver and foreskin.Detected in the spineous layers of adult skin, and at lower levels in basal and granular skin layers. Detected infetal liver and lung
SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for RDH16
Primer
Products: | | OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for RDH16
Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
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Assay Products: |
| Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for RDH16 |
Orthologs
for RDH16 gene
(Orthologs according to
1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version),
3euGenes,
4SGD
,
5MGI Mar 06 2013,
with possible further links to
Flybase
and/or
WormBase,
and/or
6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara ,
Gene Trees according to Ensembl and
TreeFam)
About This Section
|
This gene was present in the last universal common ancestor (LUCA).
Orthologs for RDH16 gene from 8/20 species (see all 20) About this table
ENSEMBL Gene Tree for RDH16 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for RDH16 (if available) |
Paralogs
for RDH16 gene(Paralogs according to
1HomoloGene,
2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section
| Paralogs for RDH16 gene
- SDR9C72 DHRS92 HSD11B22 HSD17B62 HSD17B22 BDH12 RDH82 DHRS72
- DHRS7B2 HSD17B12 KDSR2 DHRS7C2 RDH52
8 SIMAP similar genes for RDH16 using alignment to 1 protein entry: RDH16_HUMAN:HSD17B6 SDR9C7 RDHL RDH5 DHRS9 BDH1
HSD17B2 HSD11B2
RDH16 for paralogs About GeneDecksing
3 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for RDH16
PGOHUM00000239480 PGOHUM00000239481 PGOHUM00000239810
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Genomic Variants
for RDH16 gene(SNPs/Variants according to the
1NCBI SNP Database,
2Ensembl,
3PupaSUITE,
UniProtKB, and
DNA2.0,
Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap,
Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene
Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation
Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT,
Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN,
Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section
|
| Genomic Data | Transcription Related Data | Allele Frequencies | | SNP ID | Valid | Clinical
significance | Chr 12 pos | Sequence | # | AA
Chg | Type | More | # | Allele
freq | Pop | Total
sample | More |
|---|
HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for RDH16 (57345215 - 57353158 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 8 variations for RDH16
8 CNVs: 86399 49098 22920 66235 76055 86398 71520 71519 | SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays |
| | QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing RDH16 |
|
Disorders
/ Diseases
for RDH16 gene
(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards,
OMIM, UniProtKB,
the University of Copenhagen DISEASES
database,
Genatlas, GeneTests,
GAD,
HuGE Navigator,
and/or TGDB.)
About This Section
|
RDH16 for disorders About GeneDecksing
3  diseases for RDH16: About MalaCardstuberculosis mycobacterium tuberculosis alcoholism
Export disorders for RDH16 gene to outside databases
|
Publications
for RDH16 gene (in
PubMed.
Associations of this gene to articles via
1Entrez Gene,
2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot,
3HGNC,
4GAD,
5PharmGKB,
6HMDB,
7DrugBank,
8UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
9 Novoseek, and/or
10fRNAdb)
About This Section
|
PubMed articles for RDH16 gene integrated from 9 sources:
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with RDH16) | |  | Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information |
- cDNA cloning and characterization of a new human microsomal NAD+- dependent dehydrogenase that oxidizes all-trans-retinol and 3alpha- hydroxysteroids. (PubMed id 9677409)1, 2, 3, 9 Gough W.H.... Kedishvili N.Y. (1998)
- Cloning and characterization of retinol dehydrogenase transcripts expressed in human epidermal keratinocytes. (PubMed id 10329026)1, 2, 3 Jurukovski V....Simon M. (1999)
- The SDR (short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase and related enzymes) nomenclature initiative. (PubMed id 19027726)1, 3 Persson B.... Oppermann U. (2009)
- Differential recognition of the free versus bound retinol by human microsomal retinol/sterol dehydrogenases: characterization of the holo-CRBP dehydrogenase activity of RoDH-4. (PubMed id 12534290)1, 2 Lapshina E.A.... Kedishvili N.Y. (2003)
- Expression of a retinol dehydrogenase (hRoDH-4), a member of the retinol/steroid dehydrogenase family implicated in retinoic acid biosynthesis, in normal and neoplastic endometria. (PubMed id 11967490)1, 2 Cain J.M.... Weisz J. (2002)
- 13-cis-retinoic acid competitively inhibits 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidation by retinol dehydrogenase RoDH-4: a mechanism for its anti-androgenic effects in sebaceous glands? (PubMed id 12646198)6 Karlsson T....TAPrmAo H. (2003)
- Characterization of a novel type of human microsomal 3alpha -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: unique tissue distribution and catalytic properties. (PubMed id 11294878)1 Chetyrkin S.V....Kedishvili N.Y. (2001)
- Kinetic analysis of human enzyme RDH10 defines the characteristics of a physiologically relevant retinol dehydrogenase. (PubMed id 18502750)9 Belyaeva O.V....Kedishvili N.Y. (2008)
- Both all-trans retinoic acid and cytochrome P450 (CYP 26) inhibitors affect the expression of vitamin A metabolizing enzymes and reti noid biomarkers in organotypic epidermis. (PubMed id 19294396)9 Pavez LoriA" E....TAPrmAo H. (2009)
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External Searches for RDH16 gene
(in PubMed,
OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section
|
|
Genome Databases showing RDH16 gene
(According to
Entrez Gene,
HGNC,
AceView,
euGenes,
Ensembl,
miRBase,
ECgene,
Kegg,
and/or
H-InvDB)
About This Section
|
|
Other Databases showing RDH16 gene
(According to HUGE)
About This Section
| -- |
Specialized Databases showing RDH16 gene(According to PharmGKB,
ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section
|
| Name | Description |
| PharmGKB entry for RDH16 | Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways |
|
| | |
About This Section
| Patent Information for RDH16 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving RDH16
GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search
|
Products
for RDH16 gene(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0 and Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, and Sirion Biotech, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or
Enzo Life Sciences, In Situ Hybridization Assays from
Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Animal models from inGenious Targeting Laboratory)
About This Section
|
 | |
 | |
 |
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| | | QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of in human, mouse, rat RDH16 | | | QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing RDH16 | | | QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat RDH16 | | | QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat RDH16 | | | QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat RDH16 | | | QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat RDH16 |
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| | | | | Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for RDH16 |
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