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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

RAD51 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 72
GCID: GC15P040987

RAD51 homolog (S. cerevisiae)

(Previous names: RAD51 (S. cerevisiae) homolog (E coli RecA homolog), RAD51...)
(Previous symbols: RAD51A, RECA)
 Explore 72 diseases affiliated with
RAD51 via
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 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for RAD51    

Aliases
for RAD51 gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
RAD51 Homolog (S. Cerevisiae)1 2     MRMV22
RAD51A1 2 3 5     BRCA1/BRCA2-Containing Complex, Subunit 52
RECA1 2 3 5     DNA Repair Protein RAD51 Homolog 12
BRCC51 2     RAD51 Homolog (RecA Homolog, E. Coli)2
HsRad511 2     RecA, E. Coli, Homolog Of2
HsT169301 2     RecA-Like Protein2
RAD51 Homolog A2 3     Recombination Protein A2
RAD51 (S. Cerevisiae) Homolog (E Coli RecA Homolog)1     HsRAD513
RAD51 Homolog (RecA Homolog, E. Coli) (S. Cerevisiae)1     HRAD512
HRAD512     

External Ids:    HGNC: 98171   Entrez Gene: 58882   Ensembl: ENSG000000511807   OMIM: 1796175   UniProtKB: Q066093   

Export aliases for RAD51 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC15P036354 GC15P033883 GC15P038566 GC15P038703 GC15P038774 GC15P017834


Summaries
for RAD51 gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for RAD51:
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAD51 protein family. RAD51 family members are highly similar to
bacterial RecA and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51, and are known to be involved in the homologous recombination and
repair of DNA. This protein can interact with the ssDNA-binding protein RPA and RAD52, and it is thought to play roles
in homologous pairing and strand transfer of DNA. This protein is also found to interact with BRCA1 and BRCA2, which
may be important for the cellular response to DNA damage. BRCA2 is shown to regulate both the intracellular
localization and DNA-binding ability of this protein. Loss of these controls following BRCA2 inactivation may be a key
event leading to genomic instability and tumorigenesis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have
been found for this gene. (provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RAD51_HUMAN, Q06609
Function: Participates in a common DNA damage response pathway associated with the activation of homologous
recombination and double-strand break repair. Binds to single and double stranded DNA and exhibits DNA-dependent
ATPase activity. Underwinds duplex DNA and forms helical nucleoprotein filaments. Plays a role in regulating
mitochondrial DNA copy number under conditions of oxidative stress in the presence of RAD51C and XRCC3

Gene Wiki entry for RAD51


Genomic Views
for RAD51 gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000015.9  NC_018926.1  NT_010194.17  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the RAD51 gene promoter:
         TBP   Elk-1   C/EBPbeta   p53   Meis-1a   TGIF   Meis-1b   Meis-1   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: RAD51 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for RAD51

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat RAD51


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 15q15.1   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  15q15.1   HGNC cytogenetic band: 15q15.1

RAD51 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
RAD51 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 15         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC15P040987:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 40,986,972 bp from pter      End:
 41,024,356 bp from pter
Size:
 37,385 bases      Orientation:
 plus strand

Proteins
for RAD51 gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RAD51_HUMAN, Q06609 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1  
Size: 339 amino acids; 36966 Da
Subunit: Interacts with BRCA1, BRCA2 and either directly or indirectly with p53. Interacts with XRCC3, RAD54L and
RAD54B. Part of a complex with RAD51C and RAD51B. Interacts with RAD51AP1 and RAD51AP2. Interacts with CHEK1, and this
may require prior phosphorylation of CHEK1. Interacts with the MND1-PSMC3IP heterodimer (By similarity). Interacts
with NABP2. Interacts with RPA1, PALB2 and RAD51. Interacts with SWI5/C9orf119, and at lower level with SFR1/MEIR5.
Interacts with hyperphosphorylated RPA2; this interaction is necessary for efficient recruitment to chromatin in
response to DNA damage. Interacts with SWSAP1; involved in homologous recombination repair. Interacts with PARPBP;
interfering with the formation of the RAD51-DNA homologous recombination structure
Subcellular location: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Mitochondrion matrix. Note=Colocalizes with
RAD51AP1 and RPA2 to multiple nuclear foci upon induction of DNA damage. DNA damage induces an increase in nuclear
levels
2 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for RAD51:
1B22 (3D)        1N0W (3D)    
Secondary accessions: B0FXP0 B2R8T6 Q6FHX9 Q6ZNA8 Q9BV60
Alternative splicing: 4 isoforms:  Q06609-1   Q06609-2   Q06609-3   Q06609-4   (No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for RAD51: NX_Q06609

Post-translational modifications:

  • Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation of Thr-309 by CHEK1 may enhance association with chromatin at sites of DNA damage and
    • promote DNA repair by homologous recombination. Phosphorylation by ABL1 inhibits function1
  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q06609

    • RAD51 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins (4 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_001157741.1  NP_001157742.1  NP_002866.2  NP_597994.3  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000432759   ENSP00000406602   ENSP00000267868   ENSP00000454176   ENSP00000433924  
     ENSP00000372088   ENSP00000431864   ENSP00000431897   ENSP00000436512   ENSP00000433053  
    Reactome Protein details: Q06609
    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
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    OriGene Purified Protein: RAD51
    OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate (see all 5): RAD51
    OriGene Custom Protein Services for RAD51 
    GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for RAD51
    Novus Biologicals RAD51 Protein
    Novus Biologicals RAD51 Lysates
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
    Uscn Proteins for RAD51

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/10 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 10):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0000793condensed chromosome ISS--
    GO:0000794condensed nuclear chromosome ISS--
    GO:0000800lateral element IEA--
    GO:0005634nucleus ISS--
    GO:0005654nucleoplasm TAS--


    RAD51 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    RAD51 Antibody Products: 
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    GenScript Custom Assay Services for RAD51
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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for RAD51

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for RAD51 gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    RAD51 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    5/8 InterPro domains/families (see all 8):
     IPR003583 Hlx-hairpin-Hlx_DNA-bd_motif
     IPR020587 RecA_monomer-monomer_interface
     IPR020588 DNA_recomb_RecA/RadB_ATP-bd
     IPR010995 DNA_repair_Rad51/TF_NusA_a-hlx
     IPR016467 DNA_recomb/repair_RecA-like

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q06609

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q06609

    2 Blocks protein families:
    IPB003583 Helix-hairpin-helix DNA-binding
    IPB013632 Rad51


    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RAD51_HUMAN, Q06609
    Domain: The nuclear localization may reside in the C-terminus (between 259 and 339 AA)
    Similarity: Belongs to the RecA family. RAD51 subfamily
    Similarity: Contains 1 HhH domain


    Function
    for RAD51 gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RAD51_HUMAN, Q06609
    Function: Participates in a common DNA damage response pathway associated with the activation of homologous
    recombination and double-strand break repair. Binds to single and double stranded DNA and exhibits DNA-dependent
    ATPase activity. Underwinds duplex DNA and forms helical nucleoprotein filaments. Plays a role in regulating
    mitochondrial DNA copy number under conditions of oxidative stress in the presence of RAD51C and XRCC3
    Induction: Stress-induced increase in the mitochondrial levels is seen

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for RAD51:
    yeast (S cerevisiae) RAD51 homolog A,colocalizing with RPA heterotrimeric ssDNA binding protein,complexing with
    phosphorylated BRCA1,BRCA2 and RAD52 for DNA repair of double strand breaks through homologous recombination,also
    involved in immunoglobulin switch recombination,not mutated ,deleted in breast cancer with poor prognosis,uncommonly
    associated with parathyroid tumorigenesis

    miRNA
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    hsa-mir-197 (MIRT003819)

    OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 4): RAD51
    Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat RAD51
    8/12 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate RAD51 (see all 12):
    hsa-miR-3164 hsa-miR-548d-3p hsa-miR-631 hsa-miR-134 hsa-miR-3661 hsa-miR-888* hsa-miR-221* hsa-miR-124
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: RAD51 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:            		EMD Millipore RNAi Products for the Analysis of RAD51 Gene knock-down
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for RAD51 (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: RAD51
    OriGene siRNA: RAD51
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat RAD51

    Gene Editing
    Products:    		DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for RAD51

    Clone
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    OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for RAD51 (see all 7)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for RAD51 (see all 5)
    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 4): RAD51 (NM_002875)
    Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for RAD51
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat RAD51 

    Cell Line
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    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for RAD51

    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for RAD51

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/9 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 9):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0003684damaged DNA binding IEA--
    GO:0003690double-stranded DNA binding IDA7988572
    GO:0003697single-stranded DNA binding IDA7988572
    GO:0005515protein binding IPI--
    GO:0005524ATP binding IDA16428451


    RAD51 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    6 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for RAD51:
     Decreased homologous recombina  Decreased viability  Decreased viability of wild-ty  Decreased viability with cispl 
     Increased cell death HMECs cel  Synthetic lethal with cisplati 

    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-outs for RAD51: Rad51tm1Hst Rad51tm1Tkm
         4 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Rad51):
     cellular  embryogenesis  growth/size  mortality/aging 

    RAD51 for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    Pathways & Interactions
    for RAD51 gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/19 super-pathways (see all 19) About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Assembly of the RAD51-ssDNA nucleoprotein complex
    		Assembly of the RAD51-ssDNA nucleoprotein complex1.00
    		Homologous DNA pairing and strand exchange0.83
    		Presynaptic phase of homologous DNA pairing and strand exchange0.83
    2Homologous Recombination Repair
    		Homologous Recombination Repair1.00
    		Double-Strand Break Repair0.71
    		Homologous recombination repair of replication-independent double-strand breaks1.00
    3Formation of Meiotic Holliday Junction
    		Formation of Meiotic Holliday Junction1.00
    		Formation of Meiotic Single-stranded DNA Invasion Complex0.83
    		Formation of Meiotic Heteroduplex0.83
    4Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway
    		Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway1.00
    		Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway0.99
    5Homologous recombination
    		Homologous recombination1.00
    		Homologous recombination0.38

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways

    2 EMD Millipore Pathways for RAD51
        Meiosis
    DNA damage Role of Brca1 and Brca2 in DNA repair

    5 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for RAD51
        ATM Pathway
    Fanconi's Anaemia Pathway
    BRCA1 Pathway
    DNA Repair Mechanisms
    Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer

    1 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathway for RAD51
        Cell Cycle / Checkpoint Control

    1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathway for RAD51
        DNA damage Role of Brca1 and Brca2 in DNA repair

    5/6 BioSystems Pathways for RAD51 (see all 6) 
        Integrated Breast Cancer Pathway
    DNA damage response
    Homologous recombination
    Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway
    Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway

    5/12        Reactome Pathways for RAD51 (see all 12)
        DNA Repair
    Homologous recombination repair of replication-independent double-strand breaks
    Formation of Meiotic Single-stranded DNA Invasion Complex
    Meiotic Recombination
    Presynaptic phase of homologous DNA pairing and strand exchange


    3         Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for RAD51):
        Homologous recombination
    Pathways in cancer
    Pancreatic cancer


    RAD51 for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for RAD51

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

    5/235 Interacting proteins for RAD51 (Q066091, 2, 3 ENSP000002678684) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 235)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    BRCA2P515871, 2, 3, ENSP000003694974EBI-1059207,EBI-79792 MINT-8176347 MINT-8361862 MINT-8384735 MINT-4980518 MINT-8329250 MINT-8303499 MINT-4980488 MINT-4980408 MINT-8384781 MINT-8385051 MINT-8385019 MINT-8384999 MINT-8384801 MINT-8176308 MINT-8329389 MINT-4980796 MINT-4980473 MINT-8329289 MINT-8176323 MINT-4980567 MINT-8384752 MINT-4980502 I2D: score=10 STRING: ENSP00000369497
    PALB2Q86YC22, 3, ENSP000002615844MINT-8361862 MINT-8385019 MINT-8384999 MINT-8329389 MINT-8384781 MINT-8329250 MINT-8329289 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000261584
    BRCA1P383982, 3, ENSP000003502834MINT-8361862 MINT-8329250 MINT-8329389 MINT-8329289 I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000350283
    H2AFXP161042, 3, ENSP000003643104MINT-8149318 MINT-8361862 MINT-8149329 I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000364310
    RAD51CO435022, 3, ENSP000003367014MINT-2736012 MINT-2736051 MINT-2736074 I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000336701
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/11 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 11):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0000724double-strand break repair via homologous recombination TAS--
    GO:0000730DNA recombinase assembly TAS--
    GO:0006268DNA unwinding involved in replication IDA7988572
    GO:0006281DNA repair TAS--
    GO:0006302double-strand break repair TAS--


    RAD51 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for RAD51 gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    RAD51 for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for RAD51

    1 DrugBank Compound for RAD51    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #TypeActionsPubMed Ids
    Phosphoaminophosphonic Acid-Adenylate Ester-- --target--10592235

    10/62 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for RAD51 gene (see all 62)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    atpgammas 83 49 9201926 (3), 9718317 (3), 1507222 (2), 8325858 (2) (see all 31)
    adenosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) 79.9 18 2195545 (1), 7882996 (1), 8045304 (1), 2188972 (1) (see all 15)
    5-formyl-2'-deoxyuridine 74.4 6 12836321 (2), 11562961 (1), 12903258 (1), 14611842 (1)
    atp 67.7 210 11342134 (6), 9012806 (4), 9201926 (4), 15719060 (4) (see all 87)
    mitomycin c 62.4 15 11684015 (1), 16825569 (1), 20042515 (1), 10373565 (1) (see all 12)
    adp 47.8 43 12758082 (4), 11839740 (3), 15123651 (3), 16624636 (2) (see all 21)
    inosine triphosphate 46.3 8 1606138 (3), 1606139 (2)
    methylmethanesulfonate 46.1 6 9560268 (3), 18375193 (1), 7892263 (1)
    amp-pnp 42.6 3 19622740 (2), 9718317 (1)
    rpa 2 41.8 1 15326288 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about RAD51 

    Transcripts
    for RAD51 gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
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    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for RAD51 gene (4 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_001164269.1  NM_001164270.1  NM_002875.4  NM_133487.3  

    Unigene Cluster for RAD51:

    RAD51 homolog (S. cerevisiae)
    Hs.631709  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_133487
    11 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000527860 ENST00000423169 ENST00000267868(uc001zmi.4 uc010bbw.3 uc010bbx.3 uc001zml.4)
    ENST00000557850 ENST00000532743(uc001zmn.1) ENST00000382643 ENST00000525066
    ENST00000526763 ENST00000531277(uc001zmm.1) ENST00000533741 ENST00000530766


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    8/12 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate RAD51 (see all 12):
    hsa-miR-3164 hsa-miR-548d-3p hsa-miR-631 hsa-miR-134 hsa-miR-3661 hsa-miR-888* hsa-miR-221* hsa-miR-124
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: RAD51 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:             		EMD Millipore RNAi Products for the Analysis of RAD51 Gene knock-down
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for RAD51 (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: RAD51
    OriGene siRNA: RAD51
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat RAD51
    Clone
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    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for RAD51 (see all 5)
    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 4): RAD51 (NM_002875)
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for RAD51
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat RAD51 
    Primer
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    Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
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      QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat RAD51

    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AK131299.1 AK291969.1 AK303089.1 AK313503.1 AY425955.1 AY608888.1 BC001459.2 BT019705.1 
    CR536559.1 D13804.1 D14134.1 EU362635.1 

    10 DOTS entries:

    DT.209091  DT.95254199  DT.95254169  DT.92452043  DT.121050424  DT.95085123  DT.91749880  DT.100777886 
    DT.121050426  DT.95254167 

    24/118 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 118):

    BM791694 AW363521 CR626167 BU164989 BM910438 CR536559 AI347079 CR622784 
    BC001459 BM808716 CR606487 BX494877 CR594665 AY608888 BG474115 AU100170 
    BM810067 BQ424388 AU107551 BU624430 CR619182 BE280848 BE256767 BM558629 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for RAD51    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1a · 1b · 1c · 1d ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5a · 5b ^ 6 ^ 7 ^ 8 ^ 9 ^ 10a · 10b ^ 11 ^ 12a · 12b
    SP1:                    -     -                             -                                                   
    SP2:                          -                 -     -                                                         
    SP3:                          -                 -     -     -                                                   
    SP4:                          -                                                                                 
    SP5:                                                                                                            


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for RAD51

    Expression
    for RAD51 gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    RAD51 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: GTGCCTTAGG

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    RAD51 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    5 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells 
    Tissue Anatomical Compartment CellCategory (developmental path)
    AdiposeBody Subcutaneous White AdiposeAdipose
    BrainHypothalamusBrain
    BrainMedulla OblongataBrain
    Neural TubeDiencephalic Ventricular ZoneNeural Tube
    Neural TubeMesencephalic Ventricular ZoneNeural Tube
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization

    See RAD51 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for RAD51

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.631709

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RAD51_HUMAN, Q06609
    Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in testis and thymus, followed by small intestine, placenta, colon, pancreas and
    ovary. Weakly expressed in breast

        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including RAD51 (see all 6): 
              Cell Cycle in human mouse rat
              DNA Damage Signaling Pathway in human mouse rat
              DNA Repair in human mouse rat
              Ubiquitin Ligases in human mouse rat
              Stress & Toxicity PathwayFinder in human mouse rat

    Primer
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    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
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    Orthologs
    for RAD51 gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

    Orthologs for RAD51 gene from 10/34 species (see all 34)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)    		 Mammalia Rad511 , 5 RAD51 homolog (S. cerevisiae)1, 5 91.05(n)1
    98.82(a)1    		   2 (59.92 cM)5
    193611  NM_011234.41  NP_035364.11 
     1191127935 
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves RAD511 RAD51 homolog (S. cerevisiae) 81.51(n)
    95.58(a)    		   396086  NM_205173.1  NP_990504.1 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia RAD516
    		 --
    		 86(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 GL343264.1(641549-652594)
    African clawed frog
    (Xenopus laevis)    		 Amphibia rad51-prov2 RAD51 homolog (S. cerevisiae) 79.47(n)    BC046650.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii wufb38e122 Danio rerio RAD51 homolog, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC77754 more 79.07(n)    BC062849.1 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)    		 Insecta Rad513
    spn-A1    		 DNA recombination DNA dependent
    adenosinetriphosphatase3
    spindle A1    		 68(a)3
    65.11(n)1
    68.63(a)1    		   3 99D33
    435771  NM_079844.31  NP_524583.11 
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)    		 Secernentea rad-511 , 3 Helix-hairpin-helix motif.3
    Protein RAD-511    		 59(a)3
    58.19(n)1
    59.17(a)1    		   IV(10282150-10284418)3
    1779141  NM_001028294.11  NP_001023465.11 
    baker's yeast
    (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)    		 Saccharomycetes RAD51(YER095W)4
    RAD511    		 Strand exchange protein, forms a helical filament with more4
    Rad51p1    		 60.2(n)1
    67.76(a)1    		   5(349980-351182)4
    8568311, 4  NP_011021.31  NP_011021.14 
    thale cress
    (Arabidopsis thaliana)    		 eudicotyledons RAD511 DNA repair protein RAD51-like 1 66.05(n)
    71.3(a)    		   832208  NM_122092.2  NP_568402.1 
    rice
    (Oryza sativa)    		 Liliopsida Os.196302 Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group) OsRad51A2 mRNA more 75.67(n)    AB080264.1 


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for RAD51 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for RAD51 (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for RAD51 gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for RAD51 gene
    RAD51B2  RAD51D2  RAD51C2  
    18/19 SIMAP similar genes for RAD51 using alignment to 6 protein entries:     RAD51_HUMAN (see all proteins) (see all similar genes):
    C1orf143    IRF2    ARL6IP5    SLC35E3    ATL2    LDLRAD3
    EIF3G    EEF1E1    HDGFRP2    KIAA0101    PARK2    RRM2B
    SEPSECS    ADCK1    DMC1    NCKAP1L    TMX3    FCER1G

    RAD51 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    Genomic Variants
    for RAD51 gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/728 NCBI SNPs in RAD51 are shown (see all 728)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 15 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs1219177391,2
    		C,F,pathogenic23579468(+) TGACCG/AGGGTG 8 /Q /R mis11Minor allele frequency- A:0.00NA 4552
    rs455602351,2
    		C,F,--17833231(+) ACCTCG/ATGATC 4 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- A:0.03NS 176
    rs71717801,2
    		C,F,H,--17833812(+) TTTTGA/CCACAG 4 -- us2k1 tfbs39Minor allele frequency- C:0.03NS EA NA WA 1194
    rs362298771,2
    		C,--17833930(-) CATGCC/GTGTAA 4 -- us2k10--------
    rs50307901,2
    		--17834088(+) CCGGCC/TCTACT 4 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- T:0.01WA 118
    rs362298761,2
    		C,--17834220(-) ATATTC/GGTCAA 4 -- us2k10--------
    rs1470096181,2
    		C,--17834780(+) TGTAAA/GCNNNN 4 -- us2k10--------
    rs456129341,2
    		C,--17834828(+) GCGCAG/AGGCGG 4 -- us2k13Minor allele frequency- A:0.02NS WA 272
    rs357224061,2
    		C,F,--17834961(+) ACCGAG/CYCCTA 4 -- ut518Minor allele frequency- C:0.06MN NS WA 684
    rs344454441,2
    		C,F,--17834962(+) CCGAGC/TCCTAA 4 -- ut517Minor allele frequency- T:0.05MN NS WA 682

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for RAD51 (40986972 - 41024356 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 2 variations for RAD51
         2 CNVs: 102087 3959
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): RAD51

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing RAD51
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for RAD51

    Disorders / Diseases
    for RAD51 gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    RAD51 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 179617   
    OMIM disorders: 114480  
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RAD51_HUMAN, Q06609
  • Defects in RAD51 are a cause of susceptibility to breast cancer (BC) [MIM:114480]. A common malignancy
    • originating from breast epithelial tissue. Breast neoplasms can be distinguished by their histologic pattern. Invasive
    ductal carcinoma is by far the most common type. Breast cancer is etiologically and genetically heterogeneous.
    Important genetic factors have been indicated by familial occurrence and bilateral involvement. Mutations at more than
    one locus can be involved in different families or even in the same case
  • Defects in RAD51 are the cause of mirror movements type 2 (MRMV2) [MIM:614508]. A disorder characterized by
    • contralateral involuntary movements that mirror voluntary ones. While mirror movements are occasionally found in young
    children, persistence beyond the age of 10 is abnormal. Mirror movements occur more commonly in the upper extremities

    20/72 diseases for RAD51 (see all 72):    About MalaCards
    nijmegen breakage syndrome    acoustic neuroma    bilateral breast cancer    soft tissue sarcoma
    ataxia telangiectasia    familial chronic lymphocytic leukemia    chronic lymphocytic leukemia    squamous cell carcinoma
    bloom syndrome    fanconi's anemia    breast cancer susceptibility    lymphocytic leukemia
    breast cancer    squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck    neuroma    esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
    acute lymphoblastic leukemia    sporadic breast cancer    breast-ovarian cancer    ovarian cancer

    4 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for RAD51:
    Breast cancer     Aplastic anemia     Ovarian cancer     Autosomal recessive disease

    10/26 Novoseek disease relationships for RAD51 gene (see all 26)    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    fanconis anemia 66.7 7 12239151 (1), 12483114 (1)
    bloom syndrome 64.4 4 12975363 (1), 10767546 (1), 19632996 (1), 15143192 (1)
    ataxia telangiectasia 50.6 2 15135073 (1), 9315668 (1)
    breast cancer 50.3 94 16762046 (7), 18974064 (6), 12673366 (5), 17707537 (3) (see all 42)
    germ-line mutation 47.4 2 20002770 (1), 10463575 (1)
    ovarian cancer 38.9 10 11535547 (3), 16005565 (2), 10197592 (1), 16165098 (1) (see all 5)
    cancer 37.9 40 19106292 (4), 20002770 (2), 15150571 (2), 18618591 (2) (see all 27)
    tumors 27.2 63 16596227 (5), 11782381 (5), 16234517 (4), 18243065 (3) (see all 32)
    bilateral breast cancer 26.3 2 17666788 (1), 10807537 (1)
    chromosomal aberrations 24.7 2 11283264 (1), 16511829 (1)

    Genetic Association Database (GAD): RAD51
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: RAD51 (104 documents)

    Export disorders for RAD51 gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for RAD51 gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for RAD51 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 792):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with RAD51)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the 5' untranslated region of RAD51 and risk of cancer among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. (PubMed id 11535547)1, 2, 4, 9 Wang W.W.... Struewing J.P. (2001)
    2. Cloning and sequence of the human RecA-like gene cDNA. (PubMed id 8479919)1, 2, 3 Yoshimura Y.... Matsushiro A. (1993)
    3. Cloning of human, mouse and fission yeast recombination genes homologous to RAD51 and recA. (PubMed id 8358431)1, 2, 3 Shinohara A.... Ogawa T. (1993)
    4. A novel human rad54 homologue, Rad54B, associates with Rad51. (PubMed id 10851248)1, 2, 9 Tanaka K....Miyagawa K. (2000)
    5. Regulation of Rad51 function by c-Abl in response to DNA damage. (PubMed id 9461559)1, 2, 9 Yuan Z.M....Kufe D. (1998)
    6. Purification and characterization of the human Rad51 protein, an analogue of E. coli RecA. (PubMed id 7988572)1, 2, 9 Benson F.E.... West S.C. (1994)
    7. RAB22 and RAB163/mouse BRCA2: proteins that specifically interact with the RAD51 protein. (PubMed id 9192668)1, 2, 9 Mizuta R.... Alt F.W. (1997)
    8. The cell-cycle checkpoint kinase Chk1 is required for mammalian homologous recombination repair. (PubMed id 15665856)1, 2, 9 Soerensen C.S.... Helleday T. (2005)
    9. Cellular localization of human Rad51C and regulation of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of Rad51. (PubMed id 16215984)1, 2, 9 Bennett B.T. and Knight K.L. (2005)
    10. Polymorphisms of the BRCA2 and RAD51 genes in breast cancer. (PubMed id 16261408)1, 4, 9 Sliwinski T....Blasiak J. (2005)

    External Searches for RAD51 gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing RAD51 gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 5888 HGNC: 9817 AceView: RAD51 Ensembl:ENSG00000051180 euGenes: HUgn5888
    ECgene: RAD51 Kegg: 5888 H-InvDB: RAD51

    Other Databases showing RAD51 gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing RAD51 gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for RAD51 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for RAD51 Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
    NIEHS-SNPshttp://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/rad51/

    Intellectual Property
    for RAD51 gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for RAD51 gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving RAD51

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



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