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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

PVALB Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 54
GCID: GC22M037196

parvalbumin

Explore 72 diseases affiliated with
PVALB via

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(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Parvalbumin¹
D22S749¹ ²
Parvalbumin Alpha²

External Ids:	HGNC: 9704¹	Entrez Gene: 5816²	Ensembl: ENSG00000100362⁷	OMIM: 168890⁵	UniProtKB: P20472³

Export aliases for PVALB gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC22M033811 GC22M035439 GC22M035521 GC22M020159

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for PVALB:

The protein encoded by this gene is a high affinity calcium ion-binding protein that is structurally and functionally

similar to calmodulin and troponin C. The encoded protein is thought to be involved in muscle relaxation. (provided by

RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PRVA_HUMAN, P20472

Function: In muscle, parvalbumin is thought to be involved in relaxation after contraction. It binds two calcium ions

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000022.10 NC_018933.1 NT_011520.12

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the PVALB gene promoter:
Pax-5 AML1a Lmo2 XBP-1 IRF-1 AP-4 Nkx2-5 E47 MZF-1 Cart-1
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: PVALB promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for PVALB

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat PVALB

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 22q13.1 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 22q12.3 HGNC cytogenetic band: 22q13.1

PVALB Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
PVALB gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 22 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC22M037196: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	37,196,728 bp from pter	End:	37,215,523 bp from pter
Size:	18,796 bases	Orientation:	minus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PRVA_HUMAN, P20472 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Parvalbumin alpha

Size: 110 amino acids; 12059 Da

Mass spectrometry: Mass=11927; Mass_error=0.76; Method=Electrospray; Range=2-110; Source=PubMed:10036163;

2 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for PVALB:

1RJV (3D)

1RK9 (3D)

Secondary accessions: B2R4H7 P78378 Q4VB78 Q5R3Q9

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for PVALB: NX_P20472

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P20472

PVALB Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_002845.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000400247 ENSP00000216200 ENSP00000384735 ENSP00000386089 ENSP00000406977

Human Recombinant Protein Products:

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
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	Novus Biologicals PVALB Proteins Novus Biologicals PVALB Lysate
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for PVALB
	Uscn Proteins for PVALB

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	IEA	--
GO:0030424	axon	IEA	--

PVALB for ontologies About GeneDecksing

PVALB Antibody Products:

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	Search for Antibodies for PVALB at Abcam
	Uscn Antibodies for PVALB
	ThermoFisher Antibody for PVALB

Assay Products for PVALB:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
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	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for PVALB
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for PVALB

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

PVALB for domains About GeneDecksing

4 InterPro domains/families:

IPR011992 EF-hand-like_dom

IPR002048 EF_hand_Ca-bd

IPR008080 Parvalbumin

IPR018247 EF_Hand_1_Ca_BS

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P20472

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P20472

1 Blocks protein family: IPB008080 Parvalbumin signature

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PRVA_HUMAN, P20472

Similarity: Belongs to the parvalbumin family

Similarity: Contains 2 EF-hand domains

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PRVA_HUMAN, P20472

Function: In muscle, parvalbumin is thought to be involved in relaxation after contraction. It binds two calcium ions

Genatlas biochemistry entry for PVALB:

parvalbumin,high affinity calcium binding protein,in muscle fibers IIB and GABAergic cells

miRNA Products:		Browse 3'-UTR reporter clones for miRNA target validation Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PVALB
		5 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PVALB:
		hsa-miR-525-5p hsa-miR-4310 hsa-miR-766 hsa-miR-520a-5p hsa-miR-338-3p
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PVALB 3' UTR sequence

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		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PVALB (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: PVALB OriGene siRNA: PVALB
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Gene Editing
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In Situ Assay
Products:

Search Advanced Cell Diagnostics for RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PVALB

Gene Ontology (GO): 1 molecular function term (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005509	calcium ion binding	IEA	--

PVALB for ontologies About GeneDecksing

3 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for PVALB:

Increased G1 DNA content

Increased cell number in G2M,

Increased gamma-H2AX phosphory

Animal Models:
Mouse knock-out Pvalb^tm1Swal for PVALB
6 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 6 alleles) (MGI details for Pvalb):

behavior/neurological	cellular	muscle	nervous system	no phenotypic analysis
normal

PVALB for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for PVALB

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

PVALB for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for PVALB

1 HMDB Compound for PVALB About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
Calcium	Ca (see all 2)	7440-70-2	--

1 DrugBank Compound for PVALB About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
Formic Acid	Aminic acid (see all 5)	64-18-6	target	--	10592235

10/45 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for PVALB gene (see all 45) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
lant-6	72.6	4	8252409 (3), 9290931 (1)
gaba	70.9	71	10501476 (3), 7953747 (3), 17375209 (3), 8252409 (2) (see all 39)
calcium	65.6	205	8801253 (4), 1512554 (4), 10036163 (4), 7641793 (3) (see all 99)
glutamate	60.9	40	8979811 (2), 8813295 (1), 14708030 (1), 17439984 (1) (see all 33)
choline	56.7	21	10392842 (2), 9469576 (1), 10495446 (1), 15922606 (1) (see all 20)
allergens	52.7	23	20232779 (3), 15147451 (2), 10637712 (1), 17272958 (1) (see all 19)
nmda	40.7	10	16452684 (3), 8801253 (1), 9520096 (1), 20148871 (1) (see all 6)
kainate	37.4	4	8752591 (2), 11074157 (1)
tyrosine	26.9	20	20383714 (2), 10495446 (1), 10967083 (1), 14708030 (1) (see all 19)
cyanine	25.3	2	10408601 (1), 14754864 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about PVALB / PRVA

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for PVALB gene:

NM_002854.2

Unigene Cluster for PVALB:

Parvalbumin

Hs.295449 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: AA203126

6 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000417718(uc010gwz.3) ENST00000216200(uc003apx.3) ENST00000406910

ENST00000404171 ENST00000467935 ENST00000443735

miRNA Products:		Browse 3'-UTR reporter clones for miRNA target validation Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PVALB
		5 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PVALB:
		hsa-miR-525-5p hsa-miR-4310 hsa-miR-766 hsa-miR-520a-5p hsa-miR-338-3p
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PVALB 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PVALB (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: PVALB OriGene siRNA: PVALB
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PVALB

Clone Products:		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PVALB (see all 3) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PVALB OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: PVALB (NM_002854)
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		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat PVALB

Additional cDNA sequence:

AK311832.1 BC069300.1 BC096112.3 BC096113.3 BC096114.1 BC096115.1 CR456552.1 X63070.1

3 DOTS entries:

DT.116063 DT.92424907 DT.95086084

24/98 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 98):

AW139024 AA010609 NM_002854 BC069300 X63070 CR456552 H47665 BX098124

AI003770 BP428769 AI022812 H92210 AI765610 AW271690 W63631 AI948673

AA010608 BQ638514 BM687969 H18303 AI027079 AI057566 H47585 BP431092

GeneLoc Exon Structure

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

PVALB expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: CTGGACAAGG

About this image

PVALB expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

4 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Adipose

Interscapular Brown Adipose Depot

Adipose

Brain

Brain

Neural Tube

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

See PVALB Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for PVALB

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.295449

SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for PVALB

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for PVALB Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
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		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat PVALB

In Situ
Assay Products:

Search Advanced Cell Diagnostics for RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PVALB

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for PVALB gene from 5/11 species (see all 11) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Pvalb^{1 , 5}	parvalbumin^{1, 5}	89.09(n)¹ 87.27(a)¹		15 (36.93 cM)⁵ 19293¹ NM_013645.3¹ NP_038673.2¹ 78191114⁵
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	PVALB¹	parvalbumin	74.55(n) 79.09(a)		396459 NM_001159315.1 NP_001152787.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	PVALB⁶	--	79(a)	1 ↔ 1	5(22525081-22545708)
tropical clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis)	Amphibia	BX724784.1²	--	76.47(n)		BX724784.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	Dr.14147²	Danio rerio parvalbumin isoform 4b mRNA, complete cds	69.55(n)		AF467913.1

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PVALB (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for PVALB (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for PVALB gene

OCM2² OCM²

10 SIMAP similar genes for PVALB using alignment to 4 protein entries: PRVA_HUMAN (see all proteins):

OCM2 OCM CALN1 CALM1 CALM2 CALM3

TNNC2 HZGJ PPP3R1 PPP3R2

PVALB for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 22 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs111366375^1,2	C,F	--	37196293(+)	`TTTACC/ACATCT`	1	--	ds500¹		2		NA	4
rs4821528^1,2	A	--	37196377(+)	`cccatC/Tcatcc`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs4821529^1,2	C,F,H,	--	37196448(+)	`TCAAAC/TCCCAA`	1	--	ds500¹		16		NS EA NA WA CSA	794
rs4821530^1,2	C,F,H,	--	37196459(+)	`CACTAA/GCAAAT`	1	--	ds500¹		12		NS EA NA WA CSA	786
rs5756349^1,2	C,F,A,H,	--	37196680(+)	`CCACCC/TCCTGC`	1	--	ds500¹		19		NS EA NA WA	2342
rs56010443^1,2		--	37196816(+)	`CAGGGA/GATGGG`	1	--	ut3¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs3484^1,2	C,F,A,H,	--	37196871(+)	`GTGGCA/GAGAGG`	1	--	ut3¹ ese³		21		MN NA PA EA WA EU	2249
rs181855770^1,2		--	37196879(+)	`AGGGGA/CCGAGA`	1	--	ut3¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs12483924^1,2	C,H,	--	37196905(+)	`AGAGAG/CGTGGA`	1	--	ut3¹		4		NS EA	420
rs113468236^1,2	C	--	37196964(+)	`AATTCA/G/TGCAGA`	1	--	spa¹		1		CSA	1

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for PVALB (37196728 - 37215523 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 1 variation for PVALB
1 CNV: 4127

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing PVALB

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for PVALB

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

PVALB for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 168890    OMIM disorders: --

20/72 diseases for PVALB (see all 72):    About MalaCards

dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy xeroderma pigmentosum, group a neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses supranuclear palsy

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis transient cerebral ischemia amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) xeroderma pigmentosum

fetal alcohol syndrome focal cortical dysplasia progressive supranuclear palsy renal clear cell carcinoma

diastolic heart failure temporal lobe epilepsy lateral sclerosis multiple system atrophy

duchenne muscular dystrophy muscular dystrophy malignant pleural mesothelioma chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

7 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for PVALB:

Schizophrenia Neurodegenerative disease Brain disease Hypersensitivity reaction type I disease

Tetanus Oxyphilic adenoma Renal oncocytoma

10/57 Novoseek disease relationships for PVALB gene (see all 57) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
oncocytoma	63.7	13	16927643 (6), 11337362 (1), 14695146 (1), 16166433 (1) (see all 7)
epilepsy temporal lobe	54.9	3	1865007 (1), 9329455 (1), 16822257 (1)
schizophrenia	48	18	11532725 (2), 12589379 (2), 15555777 (1), 11955958 (1) (see all 16)
epilepsy	47	10	17535552 (1), 8064311 (1), 18562329 (1), 17267178 (1) (see all 7)
fetal alcohol syndrome	39.9	2	19251116 (1)
neurodegeneration	39.1	2	10448425 (1), 15043712 (1)
allergy	38.2	7	15696099 (1), 19398906 (1), 12783765 (1), 11971005 (1) (see all 7)
carcinoma renal cell	35.5	11	15286660 (4), 11504835 (3), 16927643 (1), 16512599 (1)
gliosis	35.3	1	17485991 (1)
neurofibrillary tangles	34.9	2	1717900 (2)

Export disorders for PVALB gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for PVALB gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 510):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with PVALB)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. (PubMed id 10591208)^{1, 2, 3} Dunham I....O'Brien K.P. (1999)
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: analysis of the Ca2+- binding properties of human recombinant alpha-parvalbumin and nine mutant proteins. (PubMed id 10036163)^{1, 2, 9} Troxler H.... Heizmann C.W. (1999)
Human alpha and beta parvalbumins. Structure and tissue-specific expression. (PubMed id 8354278)^{1, 2, 9} Foehr U.G.... Heizmann C.W. (1993)
The genes for the highly homologous Ca(2+)-binding proteins oncomodulin and parvalbumin are not linked in the human genome. (PubMed id 1559707)^{1, 3, 9} Ritzler J.M....Berchtold M.W. (1992)
A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome. (PubMed id 15461802)^{1, 2} Collins J.E.... Dunham I. (2004)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Parvalbumin genes from human and rat are identical in intron/exon organization and contain highly homologous regulatory elements and coding sequences. (PubMed id 2614829)^{1, 2} Berchtold M.W. (1989)
Evaluating PVALB as a candidate gene for SLC12A3-nega tive cases of Gitelman's syndrome. (PubMed id 18469313)^{1, 9} Riveira-Munoz E....Dahan K. (2008)
Distribution of parvalbumin and calretinin immunoreactive interneurons in motor cortex from multiple sclerosis post-mortem tissue. (PubMed id 18297277)^{1, 9} Clements R.J....Freeman E.J. (2008)
Calbindin and parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the developing and adult human retina. (PubMed id 8804689)^{1, 9} Nag T.C. and Wadhwa S. (1996)

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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 5816	HGNC: 9704	AceView: PVALB	Ensembl:ENSG00000100362	euGenes: HUgn5816
ECgene: PVALB	H-InvDB: PVALB

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
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PharmGKB entry for PVALB	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

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