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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

PTN Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 66
GCID: GC07M136912

pleiotrophin

(Previous name: neurite growth-promoting factor 1 )
(Previous symbol: NEGF1)
 Explore 50 diseases affiliated with
PTN via our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for PTN
    

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Pleiotrophin1     HB-GAM2 3
NEGF11 2 3 5     HBBM2 3
HBGF81 2     HBGF-82 3
HBNF1 2     HBNF-12 3
Neurite Growth-Promoting Factor 11 2     OSF-12 3
Heparin-Binding Brain Mitogen2 3     HARP2
Heparin-Binding Growth Factor 82 3     Heparin Affin Regulatory Protein2
Heparin-Binding Growth-Associated Molecule2 3     Heparin Binding Growth Factor 82
Heparin-Binding Neurite Outgrowth-Promoting Factor 12 3     Pleiotrophin (Heparin Binding Growth Factor 8, Neurite Growth-Promoting Factor
1)2
Osteoblast-Specific Factor 12 3     HBNF13

External Ids:    HGNC: 96301   Entrez Gene: 57642   Ensembl: ENSG000001058947   OMIM: 1620955   UniProtKB: P212463   

Export aliases for PTN gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC07M135254 GC07M136314 GC07M136328 GC07M136369 GC07M136562 GC07M131217


(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PTN_HUMAN, P21246
Function: Secreted growth factor that induces neurite outgrowth and which is mitogenic for fibroblasts, epithelial, and
endothelial cells. Binds anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) which induces MAPK pathway activation, an important step in
the anti-apoptotic signaling of PTN and regulation of cell proliferation

Gene Wiki entry for PTN (Pleiotrophin)


(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000007.13  NC_018918.1  NT_007933.15  NT_079596.2  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the PTN gene promoter:
         NF-1   NF-1/L   STAT1   IRF-1   IRF-2   POU2F1   Nkx6-1   HFH-1   Hlf   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 3): PTN promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for PTN

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat PTN


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 7q33   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  7q33   HGNC cytogenetic band: 7q33

PTN Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
PTN gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 7         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC07M136912:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
136,912,088 bp from pter      End:
137,028,611 bp from pter
Size:
116,524 bases      Orientation:
minus strand

1 alternative location:
Chr7-,CRA_TCAG 136,256,123-136,372,579     

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PTN_HUMAN, P21246 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Pleiotrophin precursor  
Size: 168 amino acids; 18942 Da
Subunit: Interacts with ALK and NEK6
Subcellular location: Secreted
Secondary accessions: Q5U0B0 Q6ICQ5 Q9UCC6

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for PTN: NX_P21246

Post-translational modifications:

  • Phosphorylated by NEK61
  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P21246

  • PTN Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_002816.1  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000341170   ENSP00000376798  

    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
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    Novus Biologicals PTN Lysate
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    ProSpec Recombinant Protein for PTN
    Uscn Proteins for PTN

    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005615extracellular space TAS10706604
    GO:0005783endoplasmic reticulum IDA--


    PTN for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for PTN


    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    PTN for domains           About GeneDecksing

    5 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR020089 PTN/MK_heparin-bd_GF_N_dom
     IPR020091 PTN/MK_heparin-bd_GF_diS
     IPR000762 Midkine_heparin-bd_GF
     IPR020092 PTN_MK_heparin-bd_GF_CS
     IPR020090 PTN/MK_heparin-bd_GF_C_dom

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P21246

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P21246

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB000762 PTN/MK heparin-binding protein

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PTN_HUMAN, P21246
    Similarity: Belongs to the pleiotrophin family


    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PTN_HUMAN, P21246
    Function: Secreted growth factor that induces neurite outgrowth and which is mitogenic for fibroblasts, epithelial, and
    endothelial cells. Binds anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) which induces MAPK pathway activation, an important step in
    the anti-apoptotic signaling of PTN and regulation of cell proliferation
    Induction: By heparin and retinoic acid

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for PTN:
    pleiotrophin,18.9kDa,widely expressed and developmentally regulated,heparin-binding cytokine family,inducing neurite
    extension outgrow in osteoblasts and brain cells and in diverse other activities

         Summary:  
    During embryonic development, PTN as signaling molecule is secreted from the following cells: Metanephric Mesenchyme Cells in Metanephric Mesenchyme

    miRNA
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    hsa-miR-96* hsa-miR-137
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmidPTN 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
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    Gene Ontology (GO): 3 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0004864protein phosphatase inhibitor activity TAS10706604
    GO:0008083growth factor activity IEA--
    GO:0008201heparin binding IEA--


    PTN for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-outs for PTN: Ptntm1Rau Ptntm1Tmu
         9 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles(MGI details for Ptn):
     behavior/neurological  cellular  hearing/vestibular/ear  hematopoietic system  homeostasis/metabolism 
     immune system  liver/biliary system  nervous system  reproductive system 

    PTN for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/14 super-pathways (see all 14About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts
    8/14 pathways (see all 14)
    Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts1.00
    ERK5 Signaling0.61
    p53 Mediated Apoptosis0.84
    eIF2 Pathway0.60
    Mitochondrial Apoptosis0.73
    Rac1 Pathway0.58
    Telomerase Components in Cell Signaling0.72
    Nuclear Receptor Activation by Vitamin-A0.57
    2GPCR Pathway
    GPCR Pathway1.00
    Estrogen Pathway0.55
    Ras Pathway0.62
    Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma0.55
    Breast Cancer Regulation by Stathmin10.58
    Paxillin Interactions0.53
    NFAT in Immune Response0.58
    3Rho Family GTPases
    Rho Family GTPases1.00
    MAPK Signaling0.51
    ERK Signaling0.61
    ILK Signaling0.45
    Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer0.51
    4TGF-Beta Pathway
    TGF-Beta Pathway1.00
    JAK-STAT Pathway0.57
    MAPK Family Pathway0.60
    JNK Pathway0.50
    5Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency
    Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency1.00
    14-3-3 Induced Intracellular Signaling0.59
    GSK3 Signaling0.61
    eNOS Signaling0.48

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways

    1 EMD Millipore Pathway for PTN
        Neurophysiological process Receptor-mediated axon growth repulsion

    5/54 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for PTN (see all 54)
        Nuclear Receptor Activation by Vitamin-A
    Paxillin Interactions
    Telomerase Components in Cell Signaling
    Mitochondrial Apoptosis
    Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer

    1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathway for PTN
        Neurophysiological process Receptor-mediated axon growth repulsion

    1 BioSystems Pathway for PTN 
        Syndecan-3-mediated signaling events



    PTN for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for PTN

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

    5/128 Interacting proteins for PTN (P212462, 3 ENSP000003411704) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 128)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    C7orf55-LUC7L2Q9Y3832, 3MINT-65816 I2D: score=5 
    DNAJB11Q9UBS42, 3MINT-65690 MINT-8254276 I2D: score=5 
    GLYATQ6IB772, 3, ENSP000003402004MINT-63081 I2D: score=5 STRING: ENSP00000340200
    LUC7L2Q9Y3832, 3MINT-65816 I2D: score=5 
    GADD45GO952572, 3, ENSP000002525064MINT-3979103 I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000252506
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/7 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 7):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0001503ossification ----
    GO:0007185transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway TAS10706604
    GO:0007399nervous system development TAS2270483
    GO:0007612learning IEA--
    GO:0008284positive regulation of cell proliferation TAS2270483


    PTN for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    PTN for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for PTN

    1 HMDB Compound for PTN    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    HeparinArteven (see all 17)9005-49-6--
    10/23 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for PTN gene (see all 23)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    heparin 63.3 144 17607711 (5), 10075664 (5), 10413105 (4), 11936877 (3) (see all 43)
    tyrosine 60.3 100 10706604 (5), 15925565 (4), 9235965 (3), 18474614 (3) (see all 41)
    chondroitin sulfate 58.2 27 16373346 (7), 12684467 (2), 16175577 (2), 17680989 (1) (see all 8)
    neurocan 51 4 9507007 (3), 11766883 (1)
    dermatan sulfate 49.6 12 10075664 (3), 10600521 (1), 15203110 (1), 17145750 (1) (see all 6)
    heparan sulfate 44.1 9 10075664 (2), 15203110 (1), 16156786 (1), 16155004 (1) (see all 5)
    vegf 37.8 23 11241349 (2), 17960557 (2), 12762884 (2), 15001987 (2) (see all 14)
    agar 29.5 4 9389569 (1), 8241100 (1), 11016659 (1), 1464602 (1)
    retinoic acid 23.7 9 14708942 (3), 1373617 (2), 1768439 (1), 8408430 (1)
    wortmannin 22.3 3 9235965 (1), 11241349 (1), 17960557 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about PTN 

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section

    REFSEQ mRNAs for PTN gene: 
    NM_002825.5  

    Unigene Cluster for PTN:

    Pleiotrophin
    Hs.371249  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_002825
    2 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000348225(uc003vtq.2) ENST00000393083

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    hsa-miR-96* hsa-miR-137
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    Inhib. RNA
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AK290488.1 AK297725.1 AK313424.1 BC005916.1 BT019692.1 CR450338.1 D90226.1 M57399.1 
    X52946.1 

    19 DOTS entries:

    DT.317555  DT.99936772  DT.92444840  DT.100796060  DT.100796063  DT.100796066  DT.121385298  DT.92444835 
    DT.100687269  DT.456355  DT.91779772  DT.92444824  DT.92444844  DT.100687279  DT.121385358  DT.423630 
    DT.91779825  DT.91779856  DT.92340111 

    24/268 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 268):

    AI380075 BU681313 AI160842 CK002913 AI335096 X52946 H88609 CR614046 
    AA846221 AI797499 BX463559 CB117907 AI419278 BG204617 BX442372 AU119710 
    AI879135 H88608 BM929772 NM_002825 AW157101 CD106944 BX444323 BM924624 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure


    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    PTN expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: TCCTAGTTCA

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)

    About this image

    PTN expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    9 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells 
    Tissue Anatomical Compartment CellCategory (developmental path)
    KidneyMetanephric MesenchymeMetanephric Mesenchyme CellsKidney
    LiverHepatic MesenchymeMesothelial CellsLiver
    BrainBlood Brain BarrierAdult Endothelial CellsBlood Brain Barrier, Endothelium
    Gut TubeForegutForegut Endoderm CellsEndoderm
    LungTracheaBasal CellsLung
    OvaryAntral FollicleCumulus CellsOvary
    KidneyMetanephrosKidney
    LungLung BudLung
    Reproductive SystemMesonephrosReproductive System
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 5 LifeMap Cells 
    NameCategory
    PureStem™ myogenic progenitor Z11 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)Heart, Myocardium, Smooth Muscle
    PureStem™ mesenchymal progenitor MEL2 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)Adipose, Bone, Cartilage
    PureStem™ progenitor RASMO12 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)
    Posterior foregut-like cells (A scalable, suspensi...)
    Primordial germ cell-like cells (Reconstitution of mo...)

    See PTN Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for PTN

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.371249

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PTN_HUMAN, P21246
    Tissue specificity: Osteoblast and brain

        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including PTN: 
              Neurogenesis in human mouse rat
              Growth Factors in human mouse rat
              Angiogenic Growth Factors in human mouse rat
              Inflammatory Response & Autoimmunity 384HT in human mouse rat

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    In Situ
    Assay Products:
     

     
    Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PTN

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section

    This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

    Orthologs for PTN gene from 5/12 species (see all 12)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification
    Gene Description Human
    Similarity
    Orthology
    Type
    Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)
    Mammalia Ptn1 , 5 pleiotrophin1, 5 89.09(n)1
    97.62(a)1
      6 (15.48 cM)5
    192421  NM_008973.21  NP_032999.11 
     367156635 
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)
    Aves PTN1 pleiotrophin 85.07(n)
    91.41(a)
      418125  XM_416358.3  XP_416358.1 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)
    Reptilia PTN6
    --
    93(a)
    1 ↔ 1
    GL343419.1(253244-286059)
    African clawed frog
    (Xenopus laevis)
    Amphibia Xl.9012 Xenopus laevis mRNA for pleiotrophic factor-beta2, more 80.67(n)    D42060.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)
    Actinopterygii AF149801.12   -- 72.97(n)   65231  AF149801.1 


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PTN (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for PTN (if available) 

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for PTN gene
    MDK2  
    1 SIMAP similar gene for PTN using alignment to 2 protein entries:     PTN_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    MDK

    PTN for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/2076 NCBI SNPs in PTN are shown (see all 2076    About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance
    Chr 7 posSequence#AA
    Chg
    TypeMore#Allele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ----------
    rs1460343191,2
    --136911678(+) CTTAGA/GGGCCA 1 -- int10--------
    rs16477231,2
    C,H--136911683(-) TCTGTT/GGGCCT 1 -- int15Minor allele frequency- G:0.00MN NS EA 594
    rs1150007121,2
    F,--136911792(+) CATTAC/TAGTGA 1 -- int11Minor allele frequency- T:0.03WA 118
    rs69701411,2
    C,F,A,H,--136911814(+) ACTGTC/TGCTAG 1 -- int131Minor allele frequency- N:0.00EA NA NS WA CSA 3402
    rs1386286151,2
    --136911832(+) ATATCC/TACTAT 1 -- int10--------
    rs1914649431,2
    --136911867(+) ACCCTA/CGACTA 1 -- int10--------
    rs171689871,2
    C,F,H,--136911966(+) CCTTTG/ATGCCC 1 -- int130Minor allele frequency- A:0.15NA NS EA WA CSA 3122
    rs126681151,2
    C,F,H,--136912038(+) ATAAAT/CGACTA 1 -- int128Minor allele frequency- C:0.14NA NS EA WA CSA 2914
    rs715413431,2
    C,F,--136912229(+) AAAAGT/ACAACA 1 -- ut312Minor allele frequency- A:0.50NA 4
    rs1459080291,2
    C,--136912464(+) AATGT-/AAAAAA 1 -- ut310--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for PTN (136912088 - 137028611 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 5 variations for PTN
         3 CNVs: 94891 7605 64958
         2 Indels: 47245 82197

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    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    PTN for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 162095    OMIM disorders: --

    20/50 diseases for PTN (see all 50):    About MalaCards
    trigeminal neuralgia    fibrous histiocytoma    malignant fibrous histiocytoma    benign meningioma
    haemophilus influenzae    histiocytoma    malignant glioma    wilms tumor
    tetraploidy    peyronie's disease    peyronies disease    neurodegenerative disease
    meningioma    choriocarcinoma    cholesteatoma    multiple myeloma
    alzheimer's disease    testicular cancer    rheumatoid arthritis    down syndrome

    1 disease from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for PTN:
    Cancer

    10/37 Novoseek disease relationships for PTN gene (see all 37)    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    glioblastoma 62.7 40 15986444 (7), 14692702 (3), 15908427 (3), 19177199 (3) (see all 14)
    tumors 44.5 187 16554021 (5), 8063762 (4), 18156802 (4), 14504053 (3) (see all 59)
    benign meningioma 42.6 2 1407714 (1), 15379633 (1)
    lymphoma 42.2 23 12107166 (2), 11809760 (2), 15886198 (1), 15908427 (1) (see all 15)
    glioma 35.7 20 12421346 (7), 14692702 (1), 16923162 (1), 15684595 (1) (see all 9)
    choriocarcinoma 31.8 5 10962555 (2), 18221061 (1), 8962128 (1), 11016659 (1)
    mammary tumor 28.8 6 16507572 (1), 17578909 (1), 18156802 (1), 15379633 (1) (see all 5)
    neovascularization 27.1 8 18391787 (3), 16614316 (1), 17515817 (1)
    carcinoma embryonal 26.6 2 1373617 (1)
    metastasis 23.5 22 8962127 (3), 15606670 (2), 11241349 (1), 9389569 (1) (see all 12)

    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: PTN (4 documents)

    Export disorders for PTN gene to outside databases

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for PTN gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 264):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with PTN)
        Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and chromosome localization of the human pleiotrophin gene. (PubMed id 1457401)1, 2, 3, 9 Milner P.G.... Kumar B.V. (1992)
    2. Cloning, characterization and developmental regulation of two members of a novel human gene family of neurite outgrowth-promoting proteins. (PubMed id 1768439)1, 2, 3, 9 Kretschmer P.J.... Kovesdi I. (1991)
    3. Identification of anaplastic lymphoma kinase as a receptor for the growth factor pleiotrophin. (PubMed id 11278720)1, 2, 9 Stoica G.E....Wellstein A. (2001)
    4. Bone mass loss due to estrogen deficiency is compensated in transgenic mice overexpressing human osteoblast stimulating factor- 1. (PubMed id 9299545)1, 2, 9 Masuda H.... Hashimoto-Gotoh T. (1997)
    5. A heparin-binding growth factor secreted from breast cancer cells homologous to a developmentally regulated cytokine. (PubMed id 1733956)1, 2, 9 Wellsein A.... Lippman M.E. (1992)
    6. Cloning and expression of a developmentally regulated protein that induces mitogenic and neurite outgrowth activity. (PubMed id 2270483)1, 2, 9 Li Y.-S.... Deuel T.F. (1990)
    7. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    8. Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology. (PubMed id 12690205)1, 2 Scherer S.W.... Tsui L.-C. (2003)
    9. Genomic organization of the human HBNF gene and characterization of an HBNF variant protein as a splice mutant. (PubMed id 8484754)1, 2 Kretschmer P.J....Kovesdi I. (1993)
    10. Comparison of the disulfide bond arrangements of human recombinant and bovine brain heparin binding neurite-promoting factors. (PubMed id 8484780)1, 2 Hulmes J.D.... Bohlen P. (1993)

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  

      Query String
    PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 5764 HGNC: 9630 AceView: PTN Ensembl:ENSG00000105894 euGenes: HUgn5764
    ECgene: PTN H-InvDB: PTN

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
      --

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for PTN Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for PTN Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
    Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiotrophin

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    Patent Information for PTN gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving PTN

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



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