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PTN Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 63

GC07M136562
pleiotrophin
(Previous name: neurite growth-promoting factor 1 )
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database
(Previous symbol: NEGF1)
Services    
(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc , and/or 7Ensembl, 8miRBase)
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Aliases
HARP 2
HB-GAM 3
HBBM 3
HBGF-8 3
HBGF8 1, 2
HBNF 1, 2
HBNF-1 3
HBNF1 3
NEGF1 2, 3, 5
OSF-1 3
pleiotrophin 2
Descriptions
Heparin-binding brain mitogen 3
Heparin-binding growth factor 8 3
Heparin-binding growth-associated molecule 2, 3
Heparin-binding neurite outgrowth-promoting factor 1 3
Osteoblast-specific factor 1 3
heparin affin regulatory protein 2
heparin binding growth factor 8 2
neurite growth-promoting factor 1 1, 2
pleiotrophin (heparin binding growth factor 8, neurite
growth-promoting factor 1) 2
External Ids
HGNC: 96301
Entrez Gene: 57642
UniProtKB: P212463
Ensembl: ENSG000001058947
Search outside databases for aliases for PTN gene

Previous GC identifers: GC07M135254 GC07M136314 GC07M136328 GC07M136369

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PTN_HUMAN, P21246
Function: Heparin binding mitogenic protein. Has neurite extension activity

Gene Wiki entry for PTN (Pleiotrophin)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

Genomic View:
UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

 Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the PTN gene  

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 7q33-q34   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  7q33   HGNC cytogenetic band: 7q33

PTN Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 7         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC07M136562:     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
136,562,628 bp from pter
End:
136,679,086 bp from pter
Size:
116,459 bases
Orientation:
minus strand

1 alternative location:
Chr7-,CRA_TCAG 136,256,123-136,372,579     
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000007.12  NT_007933.14  NT_079596.2  
(According to 1UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to 2Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PTN_HUMAN, P21246 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Pleiotrophin precursor  
Size: 168 amino acids; 18942 Da
Subcellular location: Secreted
Secondary accessions: Q5U0B0 Q6ICQ5 Q9UCC6

REFSEQ proteins: NP_002816.1  

ENSEMBL proteins: 
ENSP00000376798 ENSP00000341170 


Human Recombinant Proteins 
Invitrogen human recombinant proteins for PTN
Millipore Purified and/or Recombinant PTN Protein
Sigma-Aldrich Proteins for PTN  
R&D Systems Recombinant & Natural Proteins for PTN (Pleiotrophin)
Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (Pleiotrophin)
Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (PTN)
                Browse Origene for full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells 

3 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (links to tree view):

GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
GO:0005576 extracellular region IEA--
GO:0005615 extracellular space TAS10706604
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum IDA11256614
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Antibodies for PTN: 
Browse Antibodies Central at Invitrogen
Browse Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
Sigma-Aldrich Antibodies for PTN
R&D Systems Antibodies for PTN (Pleiotrophin)
Antibodies from Abcam (Pleiotrophin), each with their AbpromiseSM
Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (PTN)
Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PTN

Assays for PTN: 
Browse Invitrogen for biochemical assays
Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
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1 InterPro domain/family:
 IPR000762 PTN_MK_hepar_bd


   GeneDecks  PTN for the domains selected above  
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Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P21246

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P21246

1 Blocks protein family: IPB000762 PTN/MK heparin-binding protein

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PTN_HUMAN, P21246
Similarity: Belongs to the pleiotrophin family

(According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Inhib.
RNA:
Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (PTN)
Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (PTN)
              OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_002825

              Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for PTN

              Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for PTN  
                     Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for PTN  
                     Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs  

Clones:Invitrogen Clones for PTN
Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore
              OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_002825
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_002825
                                 untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_002825 

Primers: Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers
              OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_002825

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PTN_HUMAN, P21246
Function: Heparin binding mitogenic protein. Has neurite extension activity
Induction: By heparin and retinoic acid

Genatlas biochemistry entry for PTN:
pleiotrophin,18.9kDa,widely expressed and developmentally regulated,heparin-binding cytokine
family,inducing neurite extension outgrow in osteoblasts and brain cells and in diverse other
activities

8 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles(MGI details for Ptn):

behavior/neurologicalhearing/vestibular/earhematopoietic systemhomeostasis/metabolismimmune system
liver/biliary systemnervous systemreproductive system

3 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view):

GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
GO:0004864 phosphoprotein phosphatase inhibitor activity TAS10706604
GO:0008083 growth factor activity IEA--
GO:0008201 heparin binding IEA--
About this table

(Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, and/or 3STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
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1 Millipore Pathway for PTN
 Neurophysiological process Receptor-mediated axon growth repulsion

   GeneDecks  PTN for the pathways selected above  
About GeneDecksing

 Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for  PTN 


5/99 Interacting proteins for PTN (ENSP000003411703 P212462) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 99 )
InteractantInteraction Details
GeneCardExternal ID(s)
CHD3Q128732MINT-63554 MINT-3980182
APOBEC3GQ9HC162MINT-65551
ARIH2O953762MINT-63291
ATP5C1P365422MINT-63702
BARD1Q997282MINT-3978824
About this table

5 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (links to tree view):

GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
GO:0007185 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway TAS10706604
GO:0007399 nervous system development TAS2270483
GO:0007612 learning IEA--
GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell proliferation TAS2270483
GO:0030282 bone mineralization IEA--
About this table
(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
About This Section

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences
Browse Small Molecules at Sigma-Aldrich

Browse Tocris compounds for PTN
10/12 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for PTN gene (see all 12 )
Compound   Score   Articles   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
chondroitin sulfate 59.67 27 16373346 (7), 12684467 (2), 16175577 (2), 17680989 (1) (see all 8)
tyrosine 59.06 94 10706604 (5), 15925565 (4), 9235965 (3), 18474614 (3) (see all 37)
neurocan 52.76 4 9507007 (3), 11766883 (1)
heparan sulfate 42.32 9 10075664 (2), 15203110 (1), 16156786 (1), 16155004 (1) (see all 5)
wortmannin 24.36 3 9235965 (1), 11241349 (1), 17960557 (1)
matrigel 16.94 3 11241349 (1), 15001987 (1), 15797857 (1)
glycosaminoglycan 15.68 2 15203110 (1)
thymidine 11.21 4 11936877 (1), 9389569 (1), 9041202 (1), 12421346 (1)
oligonucleotide 9.14 1 1407714 (1)
nitric oxide 0.00 20 19058221 (4), 11241349 (2), 17960557 (1), 17614755 (1) (see all 5)
About this table


(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

Inhib.
RNA:
Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (PTN)
Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (PTN)
              OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_002825

              Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for PTN  
                     Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for PTN  
                     Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs  

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs: 

NM_002825  

REFSEQ mRNAs for PTN gene: 

NM_002825.5   

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays: 

NM_002825  

              OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_002825
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_002825
                                 untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_002825 

Additional cDNA sequence: 

AK290488.1 AK297725.1 AK313424.1 BC005916.1 BT019692.1 CR450338.1 CR596476.1 CR609152.1 
CR614046.1 CR619084.1 CR620419.1 CR624136.1 D90226.1 M57399.1 X52946.1 

9 DOTS entries:

DT.317555  DT.99936772  DT.92444840  DT.100796060  DT.100796063  DT.100796066  DT.92444835  DT.92444824 
DT.92444844 

24/268 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 268 ):

AI797499 AI419278 CK002913 H88349 BM968820 AW590267 CR609152 CR596476 
AA318830 BQ302232 AI380075 CD672995 AA846221 BX463559 BM929772 AU120808 
H87964 D90226 BC005916 BX444323 X52946 H88665 AW157101 BI759999 

highest scoring ESTs for PTN:

M57399 AA090718 AA090747 AA318827 AA318830 AA319095 AI338085 AI611319 AI797499 AI879135 

Unigene Cluster for PTN:

Pleiotrophin
Hs.371249  [show with all ESTs]
Unigene Representative Sequence: CR624136


GeneLoc Exon Structure

2 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations:
ENST00000393083  ENST00000348225  
(Experimental results according to 1GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to 2GeneAnnot , 3GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
About This Section

PTN expression in normal and diseased human tissues

 Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for PTN

1 / 2 / 3

8 probe-sets matching PTN gene


Affymetrix
probe-set
Array  GeneAnnot data GeneNote data GeneTide data
# genes Sensitivity Specificity Correlation Length Gb_Accession Consensus Uniqueness Score Rank
234_s_at2, 3 U95-A 1 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.89 M57399 1.00 1.00 1.00 1
34820_at2, 3 U95-A 2 1.00 0.97 1.00 1.11 M57399 1.00 1.00 1.00 1

211737_x_at2, 3 U133-A 1 1.00 1.00 -- -- BC005916 0.80 1.00 0.91 1

209466_x_at2, 3 U133-A 1 1.00 1.00 -- -- M57399 1.00 1.00 1.00 1

209465_x_at2, 3 U133-A 1 1.00 1.00 -- -- AL565812 0.60 1.00 0.82 1

211737_x_at2 U133Plus2 1 1.00 1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

209466_x_at2 U133Plus2 1 1.00 1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

209465_x_at2 U133Plus2 1 1.00 1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
GeneDecks  PTN for binary patterns associated with the probe-sets selected above  
About GeneDecksing
About this table    
Data from (Publications) and GNF BioGPS
    About these images
About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: TCCTAGTTCA

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.371249

Expression variation in blood from EXPOLDB for PTN

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PTN_HUMAN, P21246
Tissue specificity: Osteoblast and brain

(Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD and/or 5MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
About This Section


Orthologs for PTN gene from 5/8 species (see all 8 )
Organism Gene Locus Description Human
Similarity
NCBI accessions
dog
(Canis familiaris)
PTN1   -- pleiotrophin 93.85(n)
98.21(a)
475509  XM_532732.2  XP_532732.2 
cow
(Bos taurus)
PTN1   -- pleiotrophin 92.66(n)
97.02(a)
280904  NM_173955.1  NP_776380.1 
rat
(Rattus norvegicus)
Ptn1   -- pleiotrophin 90.08(n)
97.62(a)
24924  NM_017066.2  NP_058762.1 
mouse
(Mus musculus)
Ptn1, 5 6 (13.50 cM)5
pleiotrophin1, 5 89.09(n)1
97.62(a)1
192421  NM_008973.21  NP_032999.11 
 AK0113465  AK0116995  (see all 26)
chicken
(Gallus gallus)
PTN1   -- pleiotrophin 85.07(n)
91.41(a)
418125  XM_416358.2  XP_416358.1 
About this table        Species with no ortholog for PTN

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PTN
(Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene
and 2Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to 3Pseudogene.org)
About This Section

  --
(According to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section


10/668 NCBI SNPs in PTN are shown (see all 668 )
(Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay)  (see all 267)
ABGenomic DataTranscription DataAllele Frequencies
SNP IDValidChr 7 posSequenceRecsAA
Chg
TypeMoreRecsAllele
freq
PopTotal
sample
More
------------
rs3211981,2
A,C,F,H136680378(+) ACTTCC/TGTGTG 1 -- ng319Minor allele frequency- T:0.47MN EU EA WA NA 966
--
rs2241611,2
A,C,F,H136680826(+) tggagA/Gtagtc 1 -- ng314Minor allele frequency- G:0.06EU EA WA 418
rs69701411,2
A,C,F,H136562354(+) ACTGTC/TGCTAG 1 -- ng5116Minor allele frequency- N:0.00EA NA EU WA 1472
rs1613351,2
A,C,F,H136680885(+) gaagcC/Tgggga 1 -- ng318Minor allele frequency- T:0.25EU EA WA 830
rs126681151,2
C,F,H136562578(+) ATAAAT/CGACTA 1 -- ng5111Minor allele frequency- C:0.16NA EU EA WA 974
rs171689871,2
C,F,H136562506(+) CCTTTG/ATGCCC 1 -- ng5115Minor allele frequency- A:0.16NA EU EA WA 1400
rs16477231,2
H136562223(-) TCTGTT/GGGCCT 1 -- ng515Minor allele frequency- G:0.00MN EU EA WA 594
rs46361511,2
H136680935(+) taccaG/Aaaagc 1 -- ng314Minor allele frequency- A:0.00EU EA WA 416
rs3223471,2
A,C,F,H,O136643724(-) CACCAC/TTGTAG 1 -- int111Minor allele frequency- T:0.28EU EA WA NA 974
rs3222461,2
A,C,F,H,O136610707(+) ATAATA/GTCCCA 1 -- int116Minor allele frequency- N:0.00EU EA WA NA 1416
About this table

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for PTN (up to first 250kb)

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

OMIM: 162095

10/36 Novoseek disease relationships for PTN gene (see all 36 )

Disease   Score   Articles   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
glioblastoma 63.80 39 15986444 (7), 14692702 (3), 15908427 (3), 15684595 (3) (see all 14)
benign meningioma 44.77 2 1407714 (1), 15379633 (1)
tumors 44.00 179 16554021 (5), 8063762 (4), 18156802 (4), 14504053 (3) (see all 55)
lymphoma 38.92 19 12107166 (2), 11809760 (2), 15886198 (1), 15908427 (1) (see all 12)
glioma 38.06 20 12421346 (7), 14692702 (1), 16923162 (1), 15684595 (1) (see all 9)
choriocarcinoma 33.73 5 10962555 (2), 18221061 (1), 8962128 (1), 11016659 (1)
mammary tumor 30.83 6 16507572 (1), 17578909 (1), 18156802 (1), 15379633 (1) (see all 5)
carcinoma embryonal 28.39 2 1373617 (1)
cancer 25.83 39 18221061 (3), 9776412 (2), 1464602 (2), 15542254 (2) (see all 17)
breast cancer 24.27 58 17578909 (6), 7533562 (4), 9201975 (3), 17490616 (2) (see all 11)
About this table

Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: PTN (1 document)

(Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
About This Section

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Novoseek, 2HGNC, 3Entrez Gene, 4UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 5UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 6GAD, and/or 7PharmGKB)
About This Section

10/226 PubMed articles for PTN gene (see all 226 ):
(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section

 ANDOR
Aliases
Free Text  

  Query String
PubMed
OMIM
NCBI Bookshelf
  (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)
(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 5764 HGNC: 9630 AceView: PTN Ensembl:ENSG00000105894 euGenes: HUgn5764
ECgene: PTN H-InvDB: PTN
(According to HUGE)
About This Section

  --
(According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

NameDescription
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for PTN Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiotrophin
(Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)
About This Section

  --
(Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
About This Section



Products for PTN:
 TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays
 TaqMan ® Genotyping Assays
  Free SNP selection tool



  Invitrogen iPath Pathways  Invitrogen BLOCK-iT™ RNAi
  Invitrogen Antibodies  Invitrogen Assays
  Invitrogen Clones  Invitrogen Q-PCR Products
  Invitrogen Human Recombinant Kinases  Invitrogen Custom Antibody and Peptide Service
  Invitrogen Proteins / Assays / Screening Services  Search Invitrogen catalog for PTN-related products

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 Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
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 Predesigned and custom siRNAs for PTN Antibodies for PTN
 Explore super-pooled esiRNAs Proteins for PTN
 Lentivirus-delivered shRNAs for PTN Browse small molecules at Sigma-Aldrich
 "Your Favorite Gene" Pathwaysfeedback


  
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 Search Tocris compounds for PTN




 Search www.enzolifesicences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies
 Antibodies for PTN

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