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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

PTMA Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 59
GCID: GC02P232536

prothymosin, alpha

(Previous names: prothymosin, alpha (gene sequence 28) )
(Previous symbol: TMSA)
 Explore 37 diseases affiliated with
PTMA via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for PTMA    

Aliases
for PTMA gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
This gene clusters with an RNA gene
Subcategory (RNA class): lncRNA

Quality score for the ORGUL clustered with this gene is 3

Aliases
Prothymosin, Alpha1 2
TMSA1 2 3 5
Prothymosin, Alpha (Gene Sequence 28)1
Gene Sequence 282
Prothymosin Alpha2
Prothymosin Alpha Protein2

External Ids:    HGNC: 96231   Entrez Gene: 57572   Ensembl: ENSG000001875147   OMIM: 1883905   UniProtKB: P064543   
ORGUL members:         
NONCODE:n342466    

Export aliases for PTMA gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC02P230632 GC02P231306 GC02P232775 GC02P232398 GC02P232281


Summaries
for PTMA gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PTMA_HUMAN, P06454
Function: Prothymosin alpha may mediate immune function by conferring resistance to certain opportunistic infections

Gene Wiki entry for PTMA (Thymosin α1)


Genomic Views
for PTMA gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000002.11  NC_018913.1  NT_005403.17  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the PTMA gene promoter:
         HFH-3   Egr-3   Sp1   p53   HNF-3beta   FOXI1   STAT3   Pax-4a   Meis-1   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 3): PTMA promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for PTMA

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat PTMA


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 2q37.1   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  2q37.1   HGNC cytogenetic band: 2q37.1

PTMA Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
PTMA gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 2         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC02P232536:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 232,571,605 bp from pter      End:
 232,578,251 bp from pter
Size:
 6,647 bases      Orientation:
 plus strand

Proteins
for PTMA gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PTMA_HUMAN, P06454 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Prothymosin alpha  
Size: 111 amino acids; 12203 Da
Subcellular location: Nucleus
1 PDB 3D structure from and Proteopedia for PTMA:
2L9I (3D)    
Secondary accessions: Q15249 Q15592
Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms:  P06454-1   P06454-2   

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for PTMA: NX_P06454

Post-translational modifications:

  • Covalently linked to a small RNA of about 20 nucleotides (By similarity)1
  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P06454

    • PTMA Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_001092755.1  NP_002814.3  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000400406   ENSP00000386645   ENSP00000386819   ENSP00000344547   ENSP00000386519  
     ENSP00000387102   ENSP00000406903   ENSP00000392732  

    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
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    OriGene Custom Protein Services for PTMA 
    GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for PTMA
    Novus Biologicals PTMA Proteins
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
    Browse Proteins at Uscn

    Gene Ontology (GO): 3 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005634nucleus IDA--
    GO:0005730NOT nucleolus IDA--
    GO:0005737cytoplasm IDA--


    PTMA for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for PTMA gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    PTMA for domains           About GeneDecksing

    1 InterPro domain/family:
     IPR004931 Pro/parathymosin

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P06454

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P06454

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB004931 Prothymosin/parathymosin

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PTMA_HUMAN, P06454
    Similarity: Belongs to the pro/parathymosin family


    Function
    for PTMA gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PTMA_HUMAN, P06454
    Function: Prothymosin alpha may mediate immune function by conferring resistance to certain opportunistic infections

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for PTMA:
    prothymosin alpha,widely expressed,abundant audic nuclear protein potential modulator of the interaction of histone 1
    with chromatin

    miRNA
    Products:            		miRTarBase miRNAs that target PTMA:
    hsa-mir-1 (MIRT001343)

    OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 2): PTMA
    Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PTMA
    8/27 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PTMA (see all 27):
    hsa-miR-3673 hsa-miR-376b hsa-miR-548k hsa-miR-485-3p hsa-miR-624 hsa-miR-9 hsa-miR-3658 hsa-miR-7-1*
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PTMA 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:            		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PTMA (see all 6)
    OriGene siRNA: PTMA
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PTMA

    Gene Editing
    Products:    		DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for PTMA

    Clone
    Products:             		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PTMA (see all 4)
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    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): PTMA (NM_002823)
    Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PTMA
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for PTMA
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PTMA 

    Cell Line
    Products:             		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for PTMA
    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for PTMA

    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
         		Search Advanced Cell Diagnostics for RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PTMA

    2 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for PTMA:
     Increased cell number in G2M,   Increased gamma-H2AX phosphory 


    Pathways & Interactions
    for PTMA gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways  About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Validated targets of C-MYC transcriptional activation
    		Validated targets of C-MYC transcriptional activation1.00


    1 BioSystems Pathway for PTMA 
        Validated targets of C-MYC transcriptional activation


    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for PTMA

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

    5/68 Interacting proteins for PTMA (P064542, 3 ENSP000003445474) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 68)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    HIST1H4AP628053, ENSP000003529804I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000352980
    HIST1H4BP628053I2D: score=2 
    HIST1H4CP628053I2D: score=2 
    HIST1H4DP628053I2D: score=2 
    HIST1H4EP628053I2D: score=2 
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 1 biological process term (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006351transcription, DNA-dependent TAS10854063


    PTMA for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for PTMA gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    PTMA for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for PTMA
    10/22 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for PTMA gene (see all 22)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    thymalfasin 95.1 13 15992078 (2), 15546254 (2), 17275486 (2), 18020580 (1) (see all 10)
    lamivudine 65.9 27 19467157 (5), 16416004 (3), 16608033 (3), 15946554 (2) (see all 11)
    ifn-alpha 61.8 2 16640105 (1), 8687090 (1)
    entecavir 59.5 2 17087769 (1), 11871510 (1)
    adefovir 56.9 3 17087769 (1), 15546254 (1), 11871510 (1)
    emtricitabine 54.5 1 11871510 (1)
    ribavirin 53.7 11 20485665 (4), 15623184 (2), 12837162 (1), 14625884 (1) (see all 5)
    dacarbazine 47.1 3 7826907 (1), 10803720 (1), 20194853 (1)
    alanine 43.4 1 9537454 (1)
    amantadine 43 3 14625884 (1), 10603734 (1), 11945142 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about PTMA 

    Transcripts
    for PTMA gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for PTMA gene (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_001099285.1  NM_002823.4  

    Unigene Cluster for PTMA:

    Prothymosin, alpha
    Hs.459927  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: BM470466
    12 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000466801 ENST00000448874 ENST00000409321 ENST00000409115(uc002vsc.4 uc002vsb.4 uc010zmf.2)
    ENST00000341369 ENST00000468027 ENST00000481928 ENST00000409683 ENST00000410064
    ENST00000412128 ENST00000440384 ENST00000467816

    miRNA
    Products:             		 OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 2): PTMA
    Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PTMA
    8/27 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PTMA (see all 27):
    hsa-miR-3673 hsa-miR-376b hsa-miR-548k hsa-miR-485-3p hsa-miR-624 hsa-miR-9 hsa-miR-3658 hsa-miR-7-1*
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PTMA 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:             		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PTMA (see all 6)
    OriGene siRNA: PTMA
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PTMA
    Clone
    Products:             		 OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PTMA (see all 4)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PTMA (see all 2)
    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): PTMA (NM_002823)
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for PTMA
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PTMA 
    Primer
    Products:            		 OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for PTMA
    Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
    SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse / rat PTMA
      QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat PTMA
      QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat PTMA

    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AF170294.1 AF348514.1 AF452640.1 AK223605.1 AK314106.1 AY169282.1 BC003510.1 BC013859.1 
    BC022433.1 BC034921.1 BC051265.1 BC066905.1 BC070480.1 BC071647.1 BC071732.1 BC071879.1 
    BC098420.1 M14483.1 M14630.1 M14794.1 M26708.1 

    24/125 DOTS entries (see all 125):

    DT.97868532  DT.100707850  DT.92473237  DT.100707854  DT.95350608  DT.92473140  DT.100707855  DT.100860759 
    DT.95350637  DT.120998312  DT.120998355  DT.92473147  DT.87017818  DT.120998435  DT.100638038  DT.92008110 
    DT.100707868  DT.92473157  DT.120998319  DT.95350656  DT.100707847  DT.92473127  DT.95319240  DT.92473144 

    24/3099 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 3099):

    AA314550 BM821123 BQ438933 CD691277 BQ940491 CR595128 CR605128 BM760778 
    BQ072259 BM463815 CR623382 BF718288 AA384539 BM761970 BF724363 BE904929 
    AW849959 CR612721 AW512115 BM353336 CR617850 AW163615 BU957367 BM833780 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    4 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PTMA    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1 ^ 2a · 2b ^ 3 ^ 4a · 4b ^ 5a · 5b ^ 6 ^ 7
    SP1:        -     -     -                                       
    SP2:                                                            
    SP3:                    -                                       
    SP4:                    -     -                                 


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for PTMA

    Expression
    for PTMA gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    PTMA expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: TCAGACGCAG

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    PTMA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 3 LifeMap Cells 
    NameCategory
    PureStem™ progenitor E69 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)
    PureStem™ progenitor SK17 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)
    PureStem™ progenitor T36 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization

    See PTMA Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for PTMA

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.459927
        SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for PTMA
    Primer
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    Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
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    QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat PTMA
    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
         		Search Advanced Cell Diagnostics for RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PTMA

    Orthologs
    for PTMA gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

    Orthologs for PTMA gene from 3/8 species (see all 8)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia PTMA6
    		 --
    		 91(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 GL343304.1(1183260-1199194)
    African clawed frog
    (Xenopus laevis)    		 Amphibia ptma-prov2 prothymosin, alpha (gene sequence 28) 79.03(n)    BC054174.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii ptma2 prothymosin, alpha 74.54(n)   335707  BC045910.1 


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PTMA (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for PTMA (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for PTMA gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for PTMA gene
    PTMS2  
    1 SIMAP similar gene for PTMA using alignment to 11 protein entries:     PTMA_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    PTMAP7

    PTMA for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    Genomic Variants
    for PTMA gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/152 NCBI SNPs in PTMA are shown (see all 152)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 2 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs126227811,2
    		H--232571377(+) TTGGCC/GCGGTA 2 -- us2k1 tfbs30--------
    rs1921420821,2
    		--232571633(+) CATTAC/TCTAAT 2 -- us2k10--------
    rs1486224861,2
    		C,--232571819(+) GTTCG-/CCCC  
                CCCGC     		2 -- us2k10--------
    rs781795081,2
    		F,--232571915(+) TACGTC/GTCGCC 2 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- G:0.05WA 118
    rs1857726791,2
    		--232571962(+) TTTCCA/CCCTAT 2 -- us2k10--------
    rs8384401,2
    		C,F,H,--232572011(-) CACTTA/CGCTGT 2 -- us2k120Minor allele frequency- C:0.11EA NA MN NS WA 2660
    rs1902464271,2
    		--232572256(+) TTCATA/GTGCCC 2 -- us2k10--------
    rs67376011,2
    		C,F,A,H,--232572381(+) CTAGAA/GACCTA 2 -- us2k120Minor allele frequency- G:0.33NS EA WA NA CSA 2342
    rs1156015251,2
    		F,--232572503(+) CGGTGC/TCCGCT 2 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- T:0.02WA 118
    rs1821210401,2
    		--232572770(+) CGCCCA/GGGGCG 2 -- us2k10--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for PTMA (232571605 - 232578251 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 1 variation for PTMA
         1 CNV: 3408

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing PTMA
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for PTMA

    Disorders / Diseases
    for PTMA gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    PTMA for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 188390    OMIM disorders: --

    20/37 diseases for PTMA (see all 37):    About MalaCards
    severe acute respiratory syndrome    myasthenia gravis    chronic obstructive pulmonary disease    viral hepatitis
    liver cirrhosis    hepatitis c    hepatitis b    male infertility
    myasthenia    thymoma    hepatitis    pituitary adenoma
    hepatocellular carcinoma    hepatoblastoma    infertility    pulmonary disease
    sepsis    tonsillitis    gastric adenocarcinoma    breast cancer

    10/30 Novoseek disease relationships for PTMA gene (see all 30)    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    hepatitis b chronic 78.3 41 10759236 (3), 16416004 (2), 14606705 (2), 16640105 (2) (see all 25)
    radiation sickness 60.7 1 1494642 (1)
    hepatitis b 60 17 15946554 (2), 17075991 (2), 9007707 (2), 12820143 (1) (see all 11)
    hepatitis c chronic 58.4 22 11529376 (3), 8873009 (3), 11380797 (2), 20485665 (2) (see all 13)
    hepatitis c 45.5 6 9537454 (1), 16307501 (1), 8873009 (1), 17600286 (1) (see all 6)
    hepatocellular carcinoma 41.6 9 15362772 (3), 9496515 (2), 16608033 (2), 15946554 (1) (see all 5)
    carcinoma lewis lung 38.6 1 17600290 (1)
    cirrhosis 35.1 1 10759236 (1)
    hepatoblastoma 34.7 1 9007707 (1)
    hepatitis chronic active 31 2 8873009 (1), 1452411 (1)


    Export disorders for PTMA gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for PTMA gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for PTMA gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 252):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with PTMA)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. (PubMed id 17081983)1, 2 Olsen J.V....Mann M. (2006)
    2. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    3. Prothymosin alpha gene in humans: organization of its promoter region and localization to chromosome 2. (PubMed id 7916742)1, 2 Szabo P.... Horecker B.L. (1993)
    4. Phosphorylation of human and bovine prothymosin alpha in vivo. (PubMed id 8485135)1, 2 Sburlati A.R.... Berger S.L. (1993)
    5. The human prothymosin alpha gene family contains several processed pseudogenes lacking deleterious lesions. (PubMed id 1612591)1, 3 Manrow R.E....Berger S.L. (1992)
    6. The expression of prothymosin alpha gene in T lymphocytes and leukemic lymphoid cells is tied to lymphocyte proliferation. (PubMed id 2785990)1, 2 Gomez-Marquez J....Freire M. (1989)
    7. Isolation and partial sequencing of the human prothymosin alpha gene family. Evidence against export of the gene products. (PubMed id 2708378)1, 2 Eschenfeldt W.H.... Berger S.L. (1989)
    8. Human prothymosin alpha: amino acid sequence and immunologic properties. (PubMed id 3532956)1, 2 Pan L.X.... Horecker B.L. (1986)
    9. Molecular cloning of cDNA for human prothymosin alpha. (PubMed id 3466166)1, 2 Goodall G.J.... Horecker B.L. (1986)
    10. The human prothymosin alpha gene is polymorphic and induced upon growth stimulation: evidence using a cloned cDNA. (PubMed id 3467312)1, 2 Eschenfeldt W.H. and Berger S.L. (1986)

    External Searches for PTMA gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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    Genome Databases showing PTMA gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 5757 HGNC: 9623 AceView: PTMA Ensembl:ENSG00000187514 euGenes: HUgn5757
    ECgene: PTMA H-InvDB: PTMA

    Other Databases showing PTMA gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing PTMA gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for PTMA Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for PTMA Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

    Intellectual Property
    for PTMA gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for PTMA gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving PTMA

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