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PTGS2 Gene(Protein Coding)

Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2

GCID:
GC01M186640
GIFtS:
70
Genes Participants
UDN Logo

Aliases for PTGS2 Gene

Aliases for PTGS2 Gene

  • Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 2 3 4 5
  • Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 (Prostaglandin G/H Synthase And Cyclooxygenase) 2 3
  • Prostaglandin G/H Synthase 2 2 3
  • Prostaglandin H2 Synthase 2 3 4
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 2 3
  • PGH Synthase 2 3 4
  • EC 1.14.99.1 4 61
  • PHS II 3 4
  • PGHS-2 3 4
  • COX-2 3 4
  • COX2 3 4
  • Cyclooxygenase 2b 3
  • Cyclooxygenase-2 4
  • EC 1.14.99 61
  • GRIPGHS 3
  • PGG/HS 3
  • HCox-2 3
  • PHS-2 3

External Ids for PTGS2 Gene

Previous GeneCards Identifiers for PTGS2 Gene

  • GC01M184166
  • GC01M182068
  • GC01M183160
  • GC01M183879
  • GC01M183372
  • GC01M184907
  • GC01M157875

Summaries for PTGS2 Gene

Entrez Gene Summary for PTGS2 Gene

  • Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), also known as cyclooxygenase, is the key enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis, and acts both as a dioxygenase and as a peroxidase. There are two isozymes of PTGS: a constitutive PTGS1 and an inducible PTGS2, which differ in their regulation of expression and tissue distribution. This gene encodes the inducible isozyme. It is regulated by specific stimulatory events, suggesting that it is responsible for the prostanoid biosynthesis involved in inflammation and mitogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

CIViC summary for PTGS2 Gene

GeneCards Summary for PTGS2 Gene

PTGS2 (Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PTGS2 include Colorectal Adenoma and Bursitis. Among its related pathways are Development VEGF signaling via VEGFR2 - generic cascades and Serotonergic synapse. GO annotations related to this gene include protein homodimerization activity and lipid binding. An important paralog of this gene is PTGS1.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PTGS2 Gene

  • Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Constitutively expressed in some tissues in physiological conditions, such as the endothelium, kidney and brain, and in pathological conditions, such as in cancer. PTGS2 is responsible for production of inflammatory prostaglandins. Up-regulation of PTGS2 is also associated with increased cell adhesion, phenotypic changes, resistance to apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis. In cancer cells, PTGS2 is a key step in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays important roles in modulating motility, proliferation and resistance to apoptosis.

Tocris Summary for PTGS2 Gene

  • Cyclooxygenase (also known as COX, Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase, Prostaglandin G/H synthase) is expressed in cells in three isoforms. COX-1 (constitutive) and COX-2 (inducible) isoforms catalyze the rate-limiting step of prostaglandin production.

Gene Wiki entry for PTGS2 Gene

PharmGKB "VIP" Summary for PTGS2 Gene

No data available for fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for PTGS2 Gene

Genomics for PTGS2 Gene

Products:

  1. Regulatory Element

Regulatory Elements for PTGS2 Gene

Enhancers for PTGS2 Gene
GeneHancer Identifier Enhancer Score Enhancer Sources Gene-Enhancer Score TSS distance (kb) Number of Genes Away Size (kb) Transcription Factor Binding Sites within enhancer Gene Targets for Enhancer
GH01G186617 1.4 FANTOM5 Ensembl ENCODE 12.5 +61.9 61927 1.4 TBP CTCF MAX RAD21 POLR3A EED SMC3 ETV6 RELB IKZF2 PTGS2 C1orf27 PACERR PLA2G4A GC01P186626 GC01P186627 LOC100131939
GH01G186655 0.9 FANTOM5 ENCODE 14.8 +24.4 24350 0.4 JUN FOS ETV6 PTGS2 PLA2G4A C1orf27 GC01P186643 GC01P186644
GH01G186643 0.8 FANTOM5 15.8 +36.6 36600 0.2 TBP JUN BRCA1 RFX5 SMARCC2 FOSL2 FOS MAFK SMARCC1 CEBPB PTGS2 PLA2G4A GC01P186643 GC01P186644
GH01G186848 1.1 FANTOM5 Ensembl 9.3 -169.0 -168986 1.8 ESRRA FOXA2 ZSCAN4 RELA POLR2A CBX5 EED FOS RELB IKZF2 PLA2G4A ENSG00000228238 PTGS2 GC01P187071
GH01G186845 0.6 FANTOM5 Ensembl 15.8 -165.5 -165476 0.8 PTGS2 PLA2G4A GC01P187071
- Elite enhancer and/or Elite enhancer-gene association Download GeneHancer data dump

Enhancers around PTGS2 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Promoters for PTGS2 Gene
Ensembl Regulatory Elements (ENSRs) TSS Distance (bp) Size (bp) Binding Sites for Transcription Factors within promoters
ENSR00000017269 -173 2401 SIN3A BRCA1 GLIS2 ELK1 ZNF143 FOS DEK ZNF263 SP3 SMARCA4

Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the PTGS2 gene promoter:

Genomic Location for PTGS2 Gene

Chromosome:
1
Start:
186,671,791 bp from pter
End:
186,680,427 bp from pter
Size:
8,637 bases
Orientation:
Minus strand

Genomic View for PTGS2 Gene

Genes around PTGS2 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Cytogenetic band:
PTGS2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Location for PTGS2 Gene
GeneLoc Logo Genomic Neighborhood • Exon Structure • Gene Density

RefSeq DNA sequence for PTGS2 Gene

Proteins for PTGS2 Gene

Products:

  1. Antibody
  2. Protein
  3. Assay

  • Protein details for PTGS2 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

    Protein Symbol:
    P35354-PGH2_HUMAN
    Recommended name:
    Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
    Protein Accession:
    P35354
    Secondary Accessions:
    • A8K802
    • Q16876

    Protein attributes for PTGS2 Gene

    Size:
    604 amino acids
    Molecular mass:
    68996 Da
    Cofactor:
    Name=heme b; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:60344;
    Quaternary structure:
    • Homodimer.
    Miscellaneous:
    • Conversion of arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 is mediated by 2 different isozymes: the constitutive PTGS1 and the inducible PTGS2. PGHS1 is expressed constitutively and generally produces prostanoids acutely in response to hormonal stimuli to fine-tune physiological processes requiring instantaneous, continuous regulation (e.g. hemostasis). PGHS2 is inducible and typically produces prostanoids that mediate responses to physiological stresses such as infection and inflammation.
    • PTGS1 and PTGS2 are the targets of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including aspirin and ibuprofen. Aspirin is able to produce an irreversible inactivation of the enzyme through a serine acetylation. Inhibition of the PGHSs with NSAIDs acutely reduces inflammation, pain, and fever, and long-term use of these drugs reduces fatal thrombotic events, as well as the development of colon cancer and Alzheimers disease. PTGS2 is the principal isozyme responsible for production of inflammatory prostaglandins. New generation PTGSs inhibitors strive to be selective for PTGS2, to avoid side effects such as gastrointestinal complications and ulceration.
    • The conversion of arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 is a 2 step reaction: a cyclooxygenase (COX) reaction which converts arachidonate to prostaglandin G2 (PGG2) and a peroxidase reaction in which PGG2 is reduced to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2). The cyclooxygenase reaction occurs in a hydrophobic channel in the core of the enzyme. The peroxidase reaction occurs at a heme-containing active site located near the protein surface. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) binding site corresponds to the cyclooxygenase active site.

    Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for PTGS2 Gene

neXtProt entry for PTGS2 Gene

Protein Expression for PTGS2 Gene

See protein expression from ProteomicsDB, MOPED, PaxDb, and MaxQB

Selected DME Specific Peptides for PTGS2 Gene

P35354:
  • AIFGETMVE
  • MFAFFAQHFTHQFFKT
  • HLSGYHF
  • YNNSILLEHG
  • WLREHNRVCD
  • FNEYRKRF
  • YVQHLSGY
  • LYHWHPL
  • LGHGVDL
  • LLVEKPRP
  • CDCTRTG
  • LRLFKDGK
  • VGQEVFGL
  • AGRVAGG
  • RTGFYGENC
  • SFEELTGEKEM
  • IINTASI
  • RLFKDGKMKYQ
  • LYGDIDA
  • RLILIGETIKI
  • YWKPSTFGG
  • LKPTPNTVHYILTHFKG
  • ASIDQSR
  • PCQNRGVCMSVGFDQY
  • FIPDPQG
  • RLFKDGK
  • YKSWEAFSNLSYYTRALPPV
  • YPPTVKDTQ
  • LKFDPELLF
  • GAPFSLKGL

Post-translational modifications for PTGS2 Gene

  • S-nitrosylation by NOS2 (iNOS) activates enzyme activity. S-nitrosylation may take place on different Cys residues in addition to Cys-526.
  • Glycosylation at Asn53, isoforms=130, Asn396, and isoforms=580
  • Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus

Other Protein References for PTGS2 Gene

ENSEMBL proteins:
REFSEQ proteins:

Domains & Families for PTGS2 Gene

Gene Families for PTGS2 Gene

IUPHAR :

Protein Domains for PTGS2 Gene

InterPro:
Blocks:
ProtoNet:

Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for PTGS2 Gene

GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry

P35354

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

PGH2_HUMAN :
  • Belongs to the prostaglandin G/H synthase family.
Family:
  • Belongs to the prostaglandin G/H synthase family.
genes like me logo Genes that share domains with PTGS2: view

Function for PTGS2 Gene

Products:

  1. Animal Model
  2. CRISPR
  3. miRNA
  4. Inhibitory RNA
  5. Clone
  6. Cell Line
  7. Flow Cytometry

Molecular function for PTGS2 Gene

GENATLAS Biochemistry:
prostaglandin G/H synthase 2,mitogen and cytokine inducible form (lipocalin family,Kernel group),monomer,potent mediator of inflammation,playing a minor role in colorectal carcinogenesis,overexpressed in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck,putatively involved in the tumor tissue response to necrosis
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot BiophysicochemicalProperties:
Kinetic parameters: KM=16.2 uM for arachidonate (in absence of sodium nitroprusside NO donor) {ECO:0000269 PubMed:16373578}; KM=17.0 uM for arachidonate (in presence of sodium nitroprusside NO donor) {ECO:0000269 PubMed:16373578}; Vmax=81.3 nmol/min/mg enzyme (in absence of sodium nitroprusside NO donor) {ECO:0000269 PubMed:16373578}; Vmax=132 nmol/min/mg enzyme (in absence of sodium nitroprusside NO donor) {ECO:0000269 PubMed:16373578};
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Arachidonate + AH(2) + 2 O(2) = prostaglandin H(2) + A + H(2)O.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Constitutively expressed in some tissues in physiological conditions, such as the endothelium, kidney and brain, and in pathological conditions, such as in cancer. PTGS2 is responsible for production of inflammatory prostaglandins. Up-regulation of PTGS2 is also associated with increased cell adhesion, phenotypic changes, resistance to apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis. In cancer cells, PTGS2 is a key step in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays important roles in modulating motility, proliferation and resistance to apoptosis.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Induction:
By cytokines and mitogens.

Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for PTGS2 Gene

Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function for PTGS2 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0004601 peroxidase activity IEA,TAS --
GO:0004666 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity IEA,TAS --
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI 24089527
GO:0008289 lipid binding IEA --
GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity IEA --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with PTGS2: view
genes like me logo Genes that share phenotypes with PTGS2: view

Animal Models for PTGS2 Gene

MGI Knock Outs for PTGS2:

Animal Model Products

  • Taconic Biosciences Mouse Models for PTGS2

Inhibitory RNA Products

Clone Products

Flow Cytometry Products

No data available for Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for PTGS2 Gene

Localization for PTGS2 Gene

Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PTGS2 Gene

Microsome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein.

Subcellular locations from

COMPARTMENTS
Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization image for PTGS2 gene
Compartment Confidence
nucleus 5
endoplasmic reticulum 5
plasma membrane 4
extracellular 3
mitochondrion 3
peroxisome 3
cytosol 3
cytoskeleton 2
lysosome 1

Gene Ontology (GO) - Cellular Components for PTGS2 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0005634 nucleus ISS --
GO:0005737 cytoplasm IEA,ISS --
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum IDA 24089527
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen TAS 24089527
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane TAS --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with PTGS2: view

Pathways & Interactions for PTGS2 Gene

genes like me logo Genes that share pathways with PTGS2: view

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P35354-PGH2_HUMAN

  • Pathway: Lipid metabolism; prostaglandin biosynthesis.

Gene Ontology (GO) - Biological Process for PTGS2 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0001516 prostaglandin biosynthetic process NAS 20448152
GO:0001525 angiogenesis IEA --
GO:0006629 lipid metabolic process IEA --
GO:0006631 fatty acid metabolic process IEA --
GO:0006633 fatty acid biosynthetic process IEA --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with PTGS2: view

No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for PTGS2 Gene

Drugs & Compounds for PTGS2 Gene

Products:

  1. Drug

(185) Drugs for PTGS2 Gene - From: DrugBank, PharmGKB, ApexBio, DGIdb, FDA Approved Drugs, IUPHAR, HMDB, Tocris, and Novoseek

Name Status Disease Links Group Role Mechanism of Action Clinical Trials
Celecoxib Approved, Investigational Pharma Inhibition, Inhibitor, inhibitor, Target Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor 444
Ibuprofen Approved Pharma Channel blocker, inhibitor, Target, Enzyme 518
Acetaminophen Approved Pharma inhibitor, Target Cyclooxygenase inhibitor; may be selective for COX-3 1026
Lumiracoxib Approved, Investigational Pharma Inhibition, Inhibitor, inhibitor, Target 17
Aspirin Approved, Vet_approved Pharma Channel blocker, inhibitor, Target 1152

(49) Additional Compounds for PTGS2 Gene - From: HMDB and Novoseek

Name Synonyms Role CAS Number PubChem IDs PubMed IDs
3-Hydroxymethylantipyrine
18125-49-0
4'-Hydroxydiclofenac
  • (O-(2,6-Dichloro-4-hydroxyanilino)phenyl)acetic acid
  • 4'-Hydroxy diclofenac
  • 4'-OH DCF
  • {2-[(2,6-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)amino]phenyl}acetic acid
 64118-84-9
5'-Hydroxylornoxicam
5'-Hydroxypiroxicam
77459-78-0
6-Hydroxymethyletoricoxib

(5) Tocris Compounds for PTGS2 Gene

Compound Action Cas Number
Acetaminophen Cyclooxygenase inhibitor; may be selective for COX-3 103-90-2
Celecoxib Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor 169590-42-5
Indomethacin Cyclooxygenase inhibitor (COX-1 > COX-2) 53-86-1
NS 398 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor 123653-11-2
Resveratrol Cyclooxygenase inhibitor 501-36-0

(64) ApexBio Compounds for PTGS2 Gene

Compound Action Cas Number
(R)-(-)-Ibuprofen 51146-57-7
(S)-(+)-Ibuprofen 51146-56-6
Aceclofenac 89796-99-6
Acemetacin 53164-05-9
Acetaminophen 103-90-2
Amfenac Sodium Monohydrate 61618-27-7
Ampiroxicam 99464-64-9
Asaraldehyde 4460-86-0
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid) Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor 50-78-2
ATB-346 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug 1226895-20-0
Bismuth Subsalicylate 14882-18-9
Bromfenac Sodium 91714-93-1
Bufexamac 2438-72-4
Carprofen 53716-49-7
Celecoxib Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor 169590-42-5
Deracoxib 169590-41-4
Diclofenac 15307-86-5
Diclofenac Sodium COX inhibitor 15307-79-6
Diosgenin 512-04-9
DuP 697 88149-94-4
Etodolac COX-2 inhibitor 41340-25-4
Etoricoxib Specific COX-2 inhibitor 202409-33-4
Firocoxib 189954-96-9
FK 3311 Selective COX-2 inhibitor 116686-15-8
Flunixin Meglumin 42461-84-7
FR 122047 hydrochloride 130717-51-0
Ibuprofen 15687-27-1
Ibuprofen Lysine COX inhibitor 57469-77-9
Iguratimod COX-2 inhibitor,inhibits IL-1,IL-6,IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor. 123663-49-0
Indomethacin Cox inhibitor 53-86-1
Ketoprofen 22071-15-4
Ketorolac 74103-06-3
Ketorolac tromethamine salt 74103-07-4
Licofelone 156897-06-2
Lornoxicam COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor 70374-39-9
Loxoprofen 68767-14-6
Lumiracoxib 220991-20-8
Meclofenamate Sodium 6385-02-0
Mefenamic Acid Anti-inflammatory agent 61-68-7
Meloxicam (Mobic) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug 71125-38-7
MF63 MPGES-1 inhibitor 892549-43-8
Nabumetone 42924-53-8
Naproxen Sodium cyclooxygenase inhibitor 26159-34-2
NCX 4040 287118-97-2
NCX 466 1262956-64-8
Nimesulide Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug 51803-78-2
NS 398 COX-2 inhibitor and anti-inflammatory agent 123653-11-2
Oxaprozin Anti-inflammatory drug 21256-18-8
Parecoxib 198470-84-7
Parecoxib Sodium 198470-85-8
Phenacetin Non-opioid analgesic 62-44-2
Piroxicam Prostaglandin synthesis/Coxinhibitor 36322-90-4
Rofecoxib COX-2 inhibitor 162011-90-7
Saikosaponin A COX-2 and iNOS inhibitor 20736-09-8
Salicylic acid 69-72-7
SC 236 170569-86-5
SC 58125 162054-19-5
Sulindac Anti-inflammatory agent;COX inhibitor 38194-50-2
Tenidap 120210-48-2
Tolfenamic Acid Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug 13710-19-5
Triflusal 322-79-2
Valdecoxib COX-2 inhibitor 181695-72-7
Wogonin COX-2 inhibitor,anti-inflammatory agent 632-85-9
Zaltoprofen Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor 74711-43-6
genes like me logo Genes that share compounds with PTGS2: view

Drug Products

Transcripts for PTGS2 Gene

Products:

  1. CRISPR
  2. miRNA
  3. Inhibitory RNA
  4. Clone
  5. Flow Cytometry

mRNA/cDNA for PTGS2 Gene

(1) REFSEQ mRNAs :
(8) Additional mRNA sequences :
(101) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
(5) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :

Unigene Clusters for PTGS2 Gene

Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase):
Representative Sequences:

Inhibitory RNA Products

Clone Products

Flow Cytometry Products

Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PTGS2 Gene

ExUns: 1a · 1b · 1c · 1d ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4a · 4b ^ 5a · 5b ^ 6 ^ 7 ^ 8 ^ 9a · 9b ^ 10a · 10b
SP1: -
SP2: - -
SP3: -
SP4:
SP5:

Relevant External Links for PTGS2 Gene

GeneLoc Exon Structure for
PTGS2
ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for
PTGS2

Expression for PTGS2 Gene

Products:

  1. Primer

mRNA expression in normal human tissues from GTEx, Illumina, BioGPS, and CGAP SAGE for PTGS2 Gene

mRNA expression in normal human tissues for PTGS2 Gene
mRNA expression by BioGPS for PTGS2 GenemRNA expression by GTEx for PTGS2 Gene

mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery

mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for PTGS2 Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Whole Blood (x5.5) and Stomach (x4.3).

Protein differential expression in normal tissues from HIPED for PTGS2 Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Plasma (26.6), Islet of Langerhans (21.1), and Seminal vesicle (16.8).

Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, MaxQB, and MOPED for PTGS2 Gene



Protein tissue co-expression partners for PTGS2 Gene

NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of PTGS2 Gene:

PTGS2

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for PTGS2 Gene:

Hs.196384

Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for PTGS2 Gene

  • Blood(4.8)
  • Lung(4.6)
  • Heart(4.5)
  • Intestine(3.4)
  • Nervous system(3.3)
  • Liver(2.9)
  • Bone marrow(2.8)
  • Kidney(2.8)
  • Stomach(2.8)
  • Muscle(2.7)
  • Lymph node(2.6)
  • Pancreas(2.5)
  • Skin(2.5)
  • Bone(2.2)
  • Gall bladder(2.2)
  • Adrenal gland(2)
genes like me logo Genes that share expression patterns with PTGS2: view

Primer Products

No data available for mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for PTGS2 Gene

Orthologs for PTGS2 Gene

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for PTGS2 Gene

Organism Taxonomy Gene Similarity Type Details
chimpanzee
(Pan troglodytes)
 Mammalia PTGS2 34 35
  • 99.56 (n)
dog
(Canis familiaris)
 Mammalia COX-2 35
  • 90 (a)
 OneToOne
PTGS2 34
  • 88.36 (n)
cow
(Bos Taurus)
 Mammalia PGHS-2 35
  • 89 (a)
 OneToOne
PTGS2 34
  • 87.74 (n)
platypus
(Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
 Mammalia PTGS2 35
  • 85 (a)
 OneToOne
mouse
(Mus musculus)
 Mammalia Ptgs2 34 16 35
  • 84.92 (n)
rat
(Rattus norvegicus)
 Mammalia Ptgs2 34
  • 84.07 (n)
oppossum
(Monodelphis domestica)
 Mammalia PTGS2 35
  • 83 (a)
 OneToOne
chicken
(Gallus gallus)
 Aves PTGS2 34 35
  • 78.23 (n)
lizard
(Anolis carolinensis)
 Reptilia PTGS2 35
  • 79 (a)
 OneToOne
tropical clawed frog
(Silurana tropicalis)
 Amphibia ptgs2 34
  • 71.19 (n)
Str.16299 34
African clawed frog
(Xenopus laevis)
 Amphibia Xl.33329 34
zebrafish
(Danio rerio)
 Actinopterygii ptgs2b 34 35
  • 70.93 (n)
ptgs2a 35
  • 68 (a)
 OneToMany
ptgs2 34
rainbow trout
(Oncorhynchus mykiss)
 Actinopterygii Omy.11687 34
sea squirt
(Ciona savignyi)
 Ascidiacea -- 35
  • 46 (a)
 ManyToMany
CSA.3689 35
  • 45 (a)
 ManyToMany
Species where no ortholog for PTGS2 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
  • A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
  • Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
  • African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
  • Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
  • alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
  • amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
  • Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
  • baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
  • barley (Hordeum vulgare)
  • beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
  • bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
  • Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
  • common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
  • corn (Zea mays)
  • E. coli (Escherichia coli)
  • filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
  • Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
  • fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
  • fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
  • green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
  • honey bee (Apis mellifera)
  • K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
  • loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
  • malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
  • medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
  • moss (Physcomitrella patens)
  • orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
  • pig (Sus scrofa)
  • rice (Oryza sativa)
  • rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
  • schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
  • sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
  • sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
  • sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
  • soybean (Glycine max)
  • stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
  • sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
  • thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  • tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
  • toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
  • Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
  • wheat (Triticum aestivum)
  • worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)

Evolution for PTGS2 Gene

ENSEMBL:
Gene Tree for PTGS2 (if available)
TreeFam:
Gene Tree for PTGS2 (if available)

Paralogs for PTGS2 Gene

Paralogs for PTGS2 Gene

(2) SIMAP similar genes for PTGS2 Gene using alignment to 3 proteins:

genes like me logo Genes that share paralogs with PTGS2: view

Variants for PTGS2 Gene

Sequence variations from dbSNP and Humsavar for PTGS2 Gene

SNP ID Clin Chr 01 pos Sequence Context AA Info Type
rs1000357628 -- 186,671,890(+) CATAA(A/G)TTAAA utr-variant-3-prime
rs1000395206 -- 186,679,521(+) ATCAA(C/T)TTTAC intron-variant, upstream-variant-2KB
rs1000781846 -- 186,680,425(+) AATTG(A/G)TCGCT upstream-variant-2KB, utr-variant-5-prime
rs1000808915 -- 186,672,081(+) AAAGA(A/T)GATTC utr-variant-3-prime
rs1003511546 -- 186,681,943(+) CACAT(C/G)TGATT downstream-variant-500B, upstream-variant-2KB

Structural Variations from Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) for PTGS2 Gene

Variant ID Type Subtype PubMed ID
dgv666n54 CNV loss 21841781
esv2762854 CNV gain 21179565
nsv470750 CNV loss 18288195
nsv548400 CNV loss 21841781
nsv548403 CNV loss 21841781
nsv548404 CNV loss 21841781

Variation tolerance for PTGS2 Gene

Residual Variation Intolerance Score: 24.6% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score: 2.39; 42.27% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)

Relevant External Links for PTGS2 Gene

Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD)
PTGS2
SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
PTGS2

No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PTGS2 Gene

Disorders for PTGS2 Gene

MalaCards: The human disease database

(112) MalaCards diseases for PTGS2 Gene - From: DISEASES, Novoseek, and GeneCards

Disorder Aliases PubMed IDs
colorectal adenoma
  • adenoma of large intestine
bursitis
peptic ulcer disease
  • acute peptic ulcer with hemorrhage
chronic pain
  • pain - chronic
gastric ulcer
  • acute gastric ulcer with haemorrhage and perforation
- elite association - COSMIC cancer census association via MalaCards
Search PTGS2 in MalaCards View complete list of genes associated with diseases

Relevant External Links for PTGS2

Genetic Association Database (GAD)
PTGS2
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator
PTGS2
Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology:
PTGS2
genes like me logo Genes that share disorders with PTGS2: view

No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for PTGS2 Gene

Publications for PTGS2 Gene

  1. Genetic polymorphisms in the cyclooxygenase-2 gene, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and breast cancer risk. (PMID: 17181859) Shen J. … Santella R.M. (Breast Cancer Res. 2006) 3 22 25 46 64
  2. Variation in eicosanoid genes, non-fatal myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. (PMID: 19046748) Lemaitre R.N. … Psaty B.M. (Atherosclerosis 2009) 3 22 46 64
  3. Cyclooxygenase-2 polymorphisms, aspirin treatment, and risk for colorectal adenoma recurrence--data from a randomized clinical trial. (PMID: 19755647) Barry E.L. … Baron J.A. (Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2009) 3 22 46 64
  4. Association of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) polymorphisms and Alzheimer's disease in Chinese. (PMID: 17234302) Ma S.L. … Lam L.C. (Neurobiol. Aging 2008) 3 22 46 64
  5. Cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms and risk of reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. (PMID: 18349295) Ferguson H.R. … Hardie L.J. (Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2008) 3 22 46 64

Products for PTGS2 Gene

Sources for PTGS2 Gene

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