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PTGS1 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 73
GCID: GC09P125133

Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 1 (Prostaglandin G/H...

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(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, ¹⁰fRNAdb, ¹²H-InvDB, ¹³NCBI, ¹⁴NONCODE, and/or ¹⁵RNAdb)
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Aliases
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 1 (Prostaglandin G/H Synthase And Cyclooxygenase)¹ ²		PGG/HS²
COX1² ³ ⁵		PHS1²
Prostaglandin H2 Synthase 1² ³		PTGHS²
PGHS-1² ³		cyclooxygenase-1²
PGH Synthase 1² ³		Prostaglandin G/H Synthase 1²
EC 1.14.99.1³ ⁸		COX-1³
COX3² ⁵		Cyclooxygenase-1³
PCOX1² ⁵		PHS 1³
PGHS1² ⁵		Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 1³
PES-1²		EC 1.14.99⁸

External Ids:	HGNC: 9604¹	Entrez Gene: 5742²	Ensembl: ENSG00000095303⁷	OMIM: 176805⁵	UniProtKB: P23219³

Export aliases for PTGS1 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC09P116237 GC09P116779 GC09P118586 GC09P120509 GC09P122212 GC09P124173 GC09P094748

(According to Entrez Gene, GeneCards, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
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Entrez Gene summary for PTGS1 Gene:

This is one of two genes encoding similar enzymes that catalyze the conversion of arachinodate to prostaglandin.

The encoded protein regulates angiogenesis in endothelial cells, and is inhibited by nonsteroidal

anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin. Based on its ability to function as both a cyclooxygenase and as a

peroxidase, the encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein. The protein may promote cell

proliferation during tumor progression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. (provided

by RefSeq, Jan 2014)

GeneCards Summary for PTGS1 Gene:

PTGS1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase)) is a protein-coding gene. Diseases associated with PTGS1 include ureteral obstruction, and chronic cystitis. GO annotations related to this gene include heme binding and dioxygenase activity. An important paralog of this gene is PTGS2.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGH1_HUMAN, P23219

Function: May play an important role in regulating or promoting cell proliferation in some normal and

neoplastically transformed cells

summary for PTGS1 Gene:

Cyclooxygenase (also known as COX, Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase, Prostaglandin G/H synthase) is

expressed in cells in three isoforms: COX-1, COX-2 and COX-3. COX-1 (constitutive) and COX-2 (inducible)

isoforms catalyze the rate-limiting step of prostaglandin production and are the targets of non-steroidal

anti-inflammatory drugs. COX-3 does not appear to be involved in inflammatory processes, but seems to be

involved in pain and fever. COX-3 is thought to be derived through the retention of the highly structured G

+ C-rich intron 1 of the COX-1 gene.

Gene Wiki entry for PTGS1 Gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 75), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
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RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000009.12 NT_008470.20 NC_018920.2

Regulatory elements:

Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the PTGS1 gene promoter:
Sp1 AP-1 ATF-2 c-Jun
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: PTGS1 promoter sequence

Search Chromatin IP Primers for PTGS1

Epigenetics:

DNA Methylation CpG Assay Predesigned for Pyrosequencing in human, mouse, rat PTGS1

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 9q32-q33.3 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 9q33.2 HGNC cytogenetic band: 9q32-q33.3

PTGS1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
PTGS1 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 9 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC09P125133: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	125,132,824 bp from pter	End:	125,157,982 bp from pter
Size:	25,159 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, ²neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Cloud-Clone Corp.,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Cloud-Clone Corp., Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, LSBio, Abcam, and/or Cloud-Clone Corp.)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGH1_HUMAN, P23219 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 precursor

Size: 599 amino acids; 68686 Da

Cofactor: Binds 1 heme B (iron-protoporphyrin IX) group per subunit (By similarity)

Subunit: Homodimer

Miscellaneous: This enzyme acts both as a dioxygenase and as a peroxidase

Miscellaneous: This enzyme is the target of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin

Sequence caution: Sequence=CAI14716.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction;

Secondary accessions: A8K1V7 B4DHQ2 Q15122 Q5T7T6 Q5T7T7 Q5T7T8

Alternative splicing: 3 isoforms: P23219-1 P23219-2 P23219-3

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for PTGS1: NX_P23219

Explore proteomics data for PTGS1 at MOPED

Post-translational modifications:

Glycosylation² at Asn67, Asn103, Asn143

Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus

Selected DME Specific Peptides for PTGS1 (P23219) (see all 24)

LYHWHPL

GNPICSP

GPGFTKA

DCPTPMG

See PTGS1 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED, PaxDB, and MaxQB

REFSEQ proteins (7 alternative transcripts):

NP_000953.2 NP_001258093.1 NP_001258094.1 NP_001258095.1 NP_001258296.1 NP_001258297.1 NP_542158.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000223423 ENSP00000354612 ENSP00000411606 ENSP00000437709 ENSP00000362802

Reactome Protein details: P23219

PTGS1 Human Recombinant Protein Products:

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	OriGene Purified Protein for PTGS1 OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate for PTGS1 OriGene MassSpec for PTGS1 OriGene Custom Protein Services for PTGS1
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for PTGS1
	Novus Biologicals PTGS1 Proteins Novus Biologicals PTGS1 Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates
	Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
	Cloud-Clone Corp. Proteins for PTGS1

PTGS1 Antibody Products:

	EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of PTGS1
	R&D Systems Antibodies for PTGS1 (COX-1)
	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for PTGS1 (COX-1)
	OriGene Antibodies for PTGS1 OriGene Custom Antibody Services for PTGS1
	Novus Biologicals PTGS1 Antibodies
	Abcam antibodies for PTGS1
	Cloud-Clone Corp. Antibodies for PTGS1
	ThermoFisher Antibody for PTGS1
	LSBio Antibodies in human, mouse, rat for PTGS1

PTGS1 Assay Products:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Assay Services for PTGS1
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for PTGS1
	Enzo Life Sciences assays for PTGS1
	Cloud-Clone Corp. ELISAs for PTGS1 Cloud-Clone Corp. CLIAs for PTGS1

(According to HGNC, IUPHAR, InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
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IUPHAR Guide to PHARMACOLOGY protein family classification: COX-1

Cyclooxygenase

4 InterPro protein domains:

IPR000742 EG-like_dom

IPR010255 Haem_peroxidase

IPR019791 Haem_peroxidase_animal_subgr

IPR002007 Haem_peroxidase_animal

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P23219

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P23219

3 Blocks protein domains:

IPB002007 Animal haem peroxidase signature

IPB006210 Type I EGF

IPB010255 Haem peroxidase

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGH1_HUMAN, P23219

Similarity: Belongs to the prostaglandin G/H synthase family

Similarity: Contains 1 EGF-like domain

PTGS1 for domains About GeneDecksing

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, inGenious Targeting Laboratory, genOway,
transcription factor targeting from QIAGEN and/or HOMER, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, SwitchGear Genomics, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, ESI BIO, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene.)
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Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: PGH1_HUMAN, P23219

Function: May play an important role in regulating or promoting cell proliferation in some normal and

neoplastically transformed cells

Catalytic activity: Arachidonate + AH(2) + 2 O(2) = prostaglandin H(2) + A + H(2)O

Genatlas biochemistry entry for PTGS1:

prostaglandin G/H synthase 1,constitutively expressed in a wide range of tissues,acting first as a

dioxygenase,then as a peroxidase (lipocalin family,Kernel group),monomer,potent mediator of inflammation

Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB): EC 1.14.99.1¹ ² EC 1.14.99²

Gene Ontology (GO): Selected molecular function terms (see all 6): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004601	peroxidase activity	TAS	--
GO:0004666	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity	TAS	--
GO:0005515	protein binding	--	--
GO:0020037	heme binding	IEA	--
GO:0046872	metal ion binding	IEA	--

PTGS1 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

Phenotypes:
Selected MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Ptgs1) (see all 19):

behavior/neurological	cardiovascular system	cellular	digestive/alimentary	endocrine/exocrine gland
growth/size/body	hematopoietic system	homeostasis/metabolism	immune system	integument
mortality/aging	muscle	nervous system	other	renal/urinary system

PTGS1 for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:
MGI mouse knock-outs for PTGS1: Ptgs1^tm1Unc Ptgs1^tm1Fun

inGenious Targeting Laboratory: Let us create your new Knockout/Knockin mouse model for PTGS1

inGenious Targeting Laboratory: Contact us about creating complex and humanized mouse models for PTGS1

genOway customized KO model: permanent, tissue-specific or time-controlled inactivation for PTGS1

genOway customized Knockin model: humanization, point mutation, expression monitoring, etc. for PTGS1

miRNA Products:		miRTarBase miRNAs that target PTGS1: hsa-mir-18a-3p (MIRT040875), hsa-mir-124-3p (MIRT023020)

		Block miRNA regulation of human, mouse, rat PTGS1 using miScript Target Protectors
		Selected qRT-PCR Assays for microRNAs that regulate PTGS1 (see all 29):
		hsa-miR-4291 hsa-miR-4311 hsa-miR-875-3p hsa-miR-16-2* hsa-miR-148b hsa-miR-4305 hsa-miR-578 hsa-miR-3154

		Browse SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids

Inhib. RNA Products:		OriGene RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PTGS1
		Predesigned siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PTGS1

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for PTGS1

Clone Products:		OriGene clones in human, mouse for PTGS1 (see all 11) OriGene ORF clones in mouse, rat for PTGS1 OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): PTGS1 (NM_080591)
		Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for PTGS1
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PTGS1

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for PTGS1
		Browse ESI BIO Cell Lines and PureStem Progenitors for PTGS1

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PTGS1

(According to UniProtKB, COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization database, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene.)
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Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

PGH1_HUMAN, P23219: Microsome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral

membrane protein

Subcellular locations from COMPARTMENTS:

Compartment	Confidence
endoplasmic reticulum	5
nucleus	4
extracellular	2
mitochondrion	2
cytosol	1
golgi apparatus	1
lysosome	1
peroxisome	1
plasma membrane	1

About this image

Gene Ontology (GO): 5 cellular component terms: About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001750	photoreceptor outer segment	IEA	--
GO:0005634	nucleus	ISS	--
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	ISS	--
GO:0005789	endoplasmic reticulum membrane	TAS	--
GO:0043231	intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	ISS	--

PTGS1 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(SuperPaths according to PathCards, Pathways according to R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Sino Biological, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to QIAGEN, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene).
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SuperPaths for PTGS1 About (see all 17)

See pathways by source

SuperPath

Contained pathways About

Arachidonic acid metabolism

Arachidonic acid metabolism	0.41	Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)
Arachidonic acid metabolism	0.40	C20 prostanoid biosynthesis
HETE and HPETE biosynthesis and metabolism	0.33	COX reactions

Metabolism

	Metabolism	0.38			Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins	0.37
	Metabolic pathways	0.38

Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type

Phase 1 - Functionalization of compounds

0.75

Biological oxidations

Biological oxidations

0.56

PEDF Induced Signaling

Endothelin-1 Signaling Pathway

0.46

Pathways by source See SuperPaths
Show all pathways

1 Downloadable PowerPoint Slide of GeneGlobe Pathway Central Maps for PTGS1

Endothelin-1 Signaling Pathway

2 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathways for PTGS1

	Neuroscience
	NF-kappaB Signaling

4 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for PTGS1

	HETE and HPETE biosynthesis and metabolism
	Development VEGF signaling via VEGFR2 - generic cascades
	Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM
	Neurophysiological process PGE2-induced pain processing

4 BioSystems Pathways for PTGS1

	Eicosanoid Synthesis
	Selenium Pathway
	Prostaglandin Synthesis and Regulation
	C20 prostanoid biosynthesis

2 Reactome Pathways for PTGS1

	COX reactions
	Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)

4 PharmGKB Pathways for PTGS1

	Acetaminophen Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
	Celecoxib Pathway, Pharmacodynamics
	Etoposide Pathway, Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics
	Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics

3 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for PTGS1):

	Arachidonic acid metabolism
	Metabolic pathways
	Serotonergic synapse

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGH1_HUMAN, P23219

Pathway: Lipid metabolism; prostaglandin biosynthesis

PTGS1 for pathways About GeneDecksing

Pathway & Disease-focused RT² Profiler PCR Arrays including PTGS1 (see all 6):

Hypertension in human mouse rat

Atherosclerosis in human mouse rat

Oxidative Stress in human mouse rat

Prostate Cancer in human mouse rat

Angiogenesis in human mouse rat

Interactions:

GeneGlobe Interaction Network for PTGS1

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

Selected Interacting proteins for PTGS1 (P23219^{2, 3} ENSP00000354612⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 50)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
NUCB1	Q02818³, ENSP00000263273⁴	I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000263273
ALOX12	ENSP00000251535⁴	STRING: ENSP00000251535
ALOX12B	ENSP00000315167⁴	STRING: ENSP00000315167
ALOX15	ENSP00000293761⁴	STRING: ENSP00000293761
ALOX15B	ENSP00000369530⁴	STRING: ENSP00000369530

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): Selected biological process terms (see all 11): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001516	prostaglandin biosynthetic process	ISS	--
GO:0006629	lipid metabolic process	NAS	1907252
GO:0006693	prostaglandin metabolic process	--	--
GO:0006805	xenobiotic metabolic process	TAS	--
GO:0006979	response to oxidative stress	IEA	--

PTGS1 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, ApexBio, HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, Ligands according to IUPHAR, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB)
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Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Enzo Life Sciences drugs & compounds for PTGS1

Browse compounds at ApexBio

Compounds for PTGS1 available from Tocris Bioscience About this table

Compound	Action	CAS #
Celecoxib	Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor	[169590-42-5]
Resveratrol	Cyclooxygenase inhibitor	[501-36-0]
NS 398	Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor	[123653-11-2]
SC 58125	Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor	[162054-19-5]
Indomethacin	Cyclooxygenase inhibitor (COX-1 > COX-2)	[53-86-1]

Selected HMDB Compounds for PTGS1 (see all 13) About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
11R-HEPE	11(R)-hydroxyeicosa-5Z,8Z,12E,14Z,17Z-pentaenoate (see all 2)	--	--
Acetaminophen	4'-Hydroxyacetanilide (see all 629)	103-90-2	--
Arachidonic acid	5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid (see all 16)	506-32-1	--
Aspirin	2-(Acetyloxy)benzoic acid (see all 59)	50-78-2	--
Heme	(protoporphyrinato)iron (see all 19)	14875-96-8	--
Ibuprofen	alpha-(4-Isobutylphenyl)propionate (see all 9)	15687-27-1	--
Iron	Armco iron (see all 19)	7439-89-6	--
Naproxen	(+)-(S)-Naproxen (see all 49)	22204-53-1	--
Oxygen	Oxygen (see all 5)	7782-44-7	--
Prostaglandin G1	PGG(,1) (see all 6)	--	--

Selected DrugBank Compounds for PTGS1 (see all 102) About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
Ibuprofen	Ibuprophen (see all 3)	15687-27-1	target	--	14741265 11752352 14987823 12852704 23536207 15575422 14592549
Ibuprofen	Ibuprophen (see all 3)	15687-27-1	enzyme	inhibitor	14741265 11752352 14987823 12852704 23536207 15575422 14592549 22668799
Diclofenac	Diclofenac Acid (see all 4)	15307-86-5	target	inhibitor	12534640 12713596 11752352 12852704 12966366 12414874
Diclofenac	Diclofenac Acid (see all 4)	15307-86-5	enzyme	substrate	12534640 12713596 11752352 12852704 12966366 12414874 19515014
Flurbiprofen	FLP (see all 5)	5104-49-4	target	inhibitor	12711844 19066416 11811354 17562170 10358065 10773011 12392782
Icosapent	Eicosapentaenoic acid (see all 4)	10417-94-4	target	inhibitor	15990700 12562875 14993240 20463020 16141635 16190133 11477109
Salicyclic acid	2-Carboxyphenol (see all 10)	69-72-7	target	inhibitor	5284360 15840771 14746879 11752352 15035793 16368818 15871445
Salicylate-sodium	--	--	target	inhibitor	5284360 15840771 14746879 11752352 15035793 16368818 15871445
Acetylsalicylic acid	2-Acetoxybenzenecarboxylic acid (see all 24)	50-78-2	target	inhibitor	17131625 11752352 17030227 17319904 17078596 17259075
gamma-Homolinolenic acid	(Z,Z,Z)-8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid (see all 6)	1783-84-2	target	inhibitor	15990700 11121413 11752352 11939906 11477109 16190133
Balsalazide	Balsalazida [Spanish] (see all 4)	80573-04-2	target	inhibitor	17139284 11752352 17016423 19743890 12950415
Etodolac	--	41340-25-4	target	inhibitor	15198222 16473424 9146894 8566109 12358053

2 IUPHAR Ligands for PTGS1 (COX-1 ) About this table

Ligand	Type	Action	Affinity	Pubmed IDs
FR122047	Inhibitor	Inhibition	7.5	10720634
valerylsalicylate	Inhibitor	Inhibition	7.5	7872783

Selected Novoseek inferred chemical compound relationships for PTGS1 gene (see all 125) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
prostaglandin	91	300	9461646 (4), 15035793 (3), 10609518 (2), 7947975 (2) (see all 99)
pge2	90.6	411	11809691 (4), 8872612 (3), 15963707 (3), 9779823 (3) (see all 99)
celecoxib	89.5	89	12152003 (2), 16952493 (2), 10664917 (2), 15498669 (2) (see all 62)
arachidonic acid	89.5	273	10358065 (5), 7737984 (4), 10551587 (3), 10206978 (3) (see all 99)
rofecoxib	89.5	72	10096266 (3), 11028250 (3), 11136272 (2), 10411562 (2) (see all 48)
aspirin	84.6	396	11717412 (5), 18753249 (5), 15041270 (4), 19152549 (4) (see all 99)
meloxicam	83.5	52	10381787 (3), 10812057 (3), 11874389 (3), 10340919 (2) (see all 32)
ns 398	82.8	16	10217458 (2), 9875720 (1), 11563332 (1), 16964399 (1) (see all 15)
prostaglandin-h2	82.3	34	17878511 (2), 8652509 (1), 10734173 (1), 11081405 (1) (see all 20)
valdecoxib	81.9	6	12644588 (1), 15494548 (1), 16519515 (1), 12466002 (1) (see all 5)

PTGS1 for compounds About GeneDecksing

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 236 Homo sapiens; Apr 25 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
Conferences by KenesGroup, exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN, SwitchGear Genomics,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, and/or QIAGEN )
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REFSEQ mRNAs for PTGS1 gene (7 alternative transcripts):

NM_000962.3 NM_001271164.1 NM_001271165.1 NM_001271166.1 NM_001271367.1 NM_001271368.1 NM_080591.2

Unigene Cluster for PTGS1:

Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase)

Hs.201978 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_001271368

5 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000223423 ENST00000362012(uc011lys.1 uc010mwb.1 uc004bmg.1 uc004bmf.1 uc004bmh.1 uc011lyt.1)

ENST00000426608 ENST00000540753 ENST00000373698

Congresses - knowledge worth sharing:
European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) 10 - 13 May 2014

miRNA Products:		Block miRNA regulation of human, mouse, rat PTGS1 using miScript Target Protectors
		Selected qRT-PCR Assays for microRNAs that regulate PTGS1 (see all 29):
		hsa-miR-4291 hsa-miR-4311 hsa-miR-875-3p hsa-miR-16-2* hsa-miR-148b hsa-miR-4305 hsa-miR-578 hsa-miR-3154

		Browse SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids

Inhib. RNA Products:		OriGene RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PTGS1
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Additional mRNA sequence:

AF086438.1 AF129755.1 AJ420464.1 AK290022.1 AK295221.1 AK304403.1 AK308222.1 BC029840.1

DQ180740.1 DQ180741.1 DQ180742.1 M59979.1 S36219.1 S36271.1 S78220.1 U63846.1

12 DOTS entries:

DT.446317 DT.100767562 DT.121193472 DT.101957346 DT.100767557 DT.101982936 DT.121193484 DT.75197219

DT.100767561 DT.100767556 DT.97797260 DT.91965381

Selected AceView cDNA sequences (see all 156):

S36219 BF064148 AL556508 AA345128 AI076274 CD014048 BC029840 AI202433

AU279462 AL709654 N54739 BF477437 NM_080591 NM_000962 AA635841 AA707736

BF718263 AI567867 BM679302 AA630760 BQ014239 BM990424 S78220 BU733396

GeneLoc Exon Structure

Selected Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PTGS1 (see all 8) About this scheme

ExUns:	1	^	2	^	3a	·	3b	^	4	^	5a	·	5b	^	6a	·	6b	^	7	^	8	^	9a	·	9b	^	10	^	11	^	12a	·	12b	^	13	^	14a	·	14b	·	14c	·	14d
SP1:
SP2:											-		-
SP3:											-		-		-																		-
SP4:											-		-								-
SP5:											-		-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for PTGS1

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE ¹MOPED, ²PaxDb, and ³MaxQB, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from QIAGEN, Primers from OriGene, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
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PTGS1 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS <intensity>^2/3
CGAP TAG: AAGCTAATAA

About this image

PTGS1 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells About this table

Data from LifeMap, the Embryonic Development and Stem Cells Database
selected tissues (see all 18) fully expand


Brain (Nervous System) fully expand to see all 6 entries
Cerebral Cortex

Kidney (Urinary System) fully expand to see all 3 entries
Metanephros

Neural Tube (Nervous System) fully expand to see all 2 entries
Telencephalon
Floor plate-like cells

Cartilage (Muscoskeletal System) fully expand to see all 2 entries
Intervertebral Disc Nucleus Pulposus Cells Nucleus Pulposus
Nucleus Pulposus

Endothelium (Cardiovascular System) fully expand to see all 2 entries
Extraembryonic Angioblasts Extraembryonic Capillary Plexus
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)

PTGS1 Protein expression data from MOPED¹, PaxDb² and MaxQB³:

About this image

PTGS1 Protein Expression

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.201978

Pathway & Disease-focused RT² Profiler PCR Arrays including PTGS1 (see all 6):

Hypertension in human mouse rat

Atherosclerosis in human mouse rat

Oxidative Stress in human mouse rat

Prostate Cancer in human mouse rat

Angiogenesis in human mouse rat

Primer Products:		OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PTGS1 OriGene qSTAR qPCR primer pairs in human, mouse for PTGS1
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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
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This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for PTGS1 gene from Selected species (see all 15) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Ptgs1^{1 , 5}	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1^{1, 5}	85.76(n)¹ 89.93(a)¹		2 (24.19 cM)⁵ 19224¹ NM_008969.3¹ NP_032995.1¹ 36230426⁵
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	PTGS1¹	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) less	75.97(n) 78.18(a)		427752 XM_425326.4 XP_425326.4
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	PTGS1⁶	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostagland...	69(a)	1 ↔ 1	GL344642.1(2752-17411)
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	Xl.6116²	Xenopus laevis transcribed sequence with moderate similarity to protein spP23219 (H.sapiens) PGH1_HUMAN Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 precursor (Cyclooxygenase -1) (COX-1) (Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1) (Prostaglandin H2 synthase 1) (PGH synthase less	72.97(n)		48053286
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	ptgs1²	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	76.12(n)		246226 AY028584.1

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PTGS1 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for PTGS1 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
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Paralogs for PTGS1 gene

PTGS2²

1 SIMAP similar gene for PTGS1 using alignment to 1 protein entry: PGH1_HUMAN:

PTGS2

PTGS1 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, ⁴UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD), the Human Cytochrome P450 Allele Nomenclature Database, and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays, and Copy Number PCR Arrays from QIAGEN)
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SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 9 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs11288901^1,2	C	--	125135103(+)	`TTTTT-/TATCCC`	6	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs10306144^1,2	C,F	--	125142092(+)	`TTTTTT/-CCTGC`	7	--	int¹		2		NS	82
rs139246569^1,2		--	125142647(+)	`GCACTA/GCTGTG`	2	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs72769724^1,2	C	--	125142650(+)	`CTGCTA/GTGGCC`	2	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs71371940^1,2	C	--	125142747(+)	`AAATA-/AATA GGTTG`	7	--	int¹		1		NA	2
rs35482561^1,2	C,F	--	125142750(+)	`GCCCTA/GTAAGT`	2	--	us2k¹		3		CSA WA NA	239
rs144284930^1,2	C	--	125142791(+)	`TGACAC/GCAGTC`	2	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs148754885^1,2	C	--	125142907(+)	`TGTGTA/CTCCAG`	2	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs182083134^1,2		--	125143179(+)	`TCTACC/GTTCTC`	6	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs186694179^1,2		--	125143222(+)	`TGGAGA/GGCTGC`	6	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for PTGS1 (125132824 - 125157982 bp)

Structural Variations
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) 3 variations for PTGS1: About this table

Variant ID	Type	Subtype	PubMed ID
esv2417467	CNV	Deletion	18987734
nsv416964	CNV	Loss	16902084
nsv831716	CNV	Gain	17160897

Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): PTGS1

Site Specific Mutation Identification with PCR Assays

SeqTarget long-range PCR primers for resequencing PTGS1

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for PTGS1

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Conferences by KenesGroup, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
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OMIM gene information: 176805 OMIM disorders: --

Selected diseases for PTGS1 (see all 149):
About MalaCards

ureteral obstruction chronic cystitis asthma and nasal polyps urticaria

cystitis morphine dependence viral encephalitis peptic ulcer

gastric ulcer interstitial nephritis gastroesophageal reflux disease gastroduodenitis

ovarian epithelial cancer desmoid tumor sporadic pheochromocytoma placental abruption

chronic pain angioedema hypertrophic scars dyspepsia

2 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for PTGS1:

Vascular disease Arthritis

PTGS1 for disorders About GeneDecksing

Congresses - knowledge worth sharing:
The International Symposium on Pneumococci and Pneumococcal Diseases (ISPPD) 9 - 13 March 2014
Alzheimer's & Parkinson's Diseases Congress (ADPD) 18 - 22 March 2015

Selected Novoseek inferred disease relationships for PTGS1 gene (see all 93) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
inflammation	71.7	163	16982919 (3), 10628589 (2), 12733982 (2), 17270500 (2) (see all 99)
osteoarthritis	61.6	22	15337183 (2), 11041909 (2), 10719816 (1), 14752171 (1) (see all 16)
gastrointestinal complications	58.1	3	10377455 (1), 14602052 (1)
colon cancer	57	18	19258012 (4), 16091009 (2), 7780968 (2), 16984374 (2) (see all 12)
intestinal polyps	53.6	5	12941808 (3), 16984374 (1)
ulcer	53.2	28	16247187 (3), 11519793 (2), 17926541 (2), 11136275 (2) (see all 15)
nasal polyps	52.1	29	16517580 (4), 15921208 (4), 15480320 (2), 19132974 (2) (see all 11)
rheumatoid arthritis	51.8	11	10719816 (2), 15167967 (1), 10390126 (1), 10812057 (1) (see all 9)
polyps	50	31	12941808 (4), 11584208 (2), 11495083 (2), 19251796 (1) (see all 11)
arthritis	50	13	11550975 (2), 10193996 (1), 9714356 (1), 10225538 (1) (see all 10)

Genetic Association Database (GAD): PTGS1
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: PTGS1 (70 documents)

Export disorders for PTGS1 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
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PubMed articles for PTGS1 gene, integrated from 10 sources (see all 1612):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with PTGS1)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Human platelet/erythroleukemia cell prostaglandin G/H synthase: cDNA cloning, expression, and gene chromosomal assignment. (PubMed id 1907252)^{1, 2, 3} Funk C.D.... Fitzgerald G.A. (FASEB J. 1991)
Cloning of human gene encoding prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase and primary structure of the enzyme. (PubMed id 2512924)^{1, 2, 3} Yokoyama C. and Tanabe T. (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1989)
A polymorphism in the cyclooxygenase 1 gene is associated with decreased inflammatory prostaglandin F2alpha formation and lower risk of cardiovascular disease. (PubMed id 19091535)^{1, 4, 9} Helmersson J....Basu S. (Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 2009)
Promoter polymorphism of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX1) is not associated with ulcerative colitis in the Japanese population. (PubMed id 18705313)^{1, 4, 9} Arisawa T....Nakano H. (Hepatogastroenterology 2008)
COX1 and COX2 polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk in a Polish population. (PubMed id 18214026)^{1, 4, 9} Hou L....Chow W.H. (Anticancer Res. 2007)
Mutations within the cyclooxygenase-1 gene in aspirin non-responders with recurrence of stroke. (PubMed id 15041270)^{1, 4, 9} Hillarp A....Mattiasson I. (Thromb. Res. 2003)
Characterization of the human prostaglandin H synthase 1 gene (PTGS1): exclusion by genetic linkage analysis as a second modifier gene in familial thrombosis. (PubMed id 12192304)^{1, 2, 9} Scott B.T.... Long G.L. (Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis 2002)
Genetic polymorphisms of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) are associated with functional dyspepsia in Japanese women. (PubMed id 18582172)^{1, 4, 9} Arisawa T....Nakano H. (J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2008)
Polymorphisms in PTGS1, PTGS2 and IL-10 do not influence colorectal adenoma recurrence in the context of a randomized aspirin intervention trial. (PubMed id 17640058)^{1, 4, 9} Hubner R.A....Houlston R.S. (Int. J. Cancer 2007)
Cyclooxygenase-1 gene polymorphisms in patients with different asthma phenotypes and atopy. (PubMed id 16055872)^{1, 4, 9} Shi J....Kedda M.A. (Eur. Respir. J. 2005)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 5742	HGNC: 9604	AceView: PTGS1	Ensembl:ENSG00000095303	euGenes: HUgn5742
ECgene: PTGS1	Kegg: 5742	H-InvDB: PTGS1

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL, and/or others, e.g. Wikipedia and GeneReviews, via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for PTGS1	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for PTGS1	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
SeattleSNPs	http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/ptgs1/

Intellectual Property for PTGS1 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for PTGS1 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving PTGS1

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Cloud-Clone Corp., Thermo Fisher Scientific, LSBio, Gene Editing from DNA2.0. Clones from OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript, and ESI BIO, PCR Arrays from QIAGEN, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or ApexBio, In Situ Hybridization Assays from
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PTGS1 (Gene Symbol)
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 1 (Prostaglandin G/H Synthase And Cyclooxygenase)
COX1
Prostaglandin H2 Synthase 1
PGHS-1
PGH Synthase 1
EC 1.14.99.1
COX3
PCOX1
PGHS1
PES-1
PGG/HS
PHS1
PTGHS
cyclooxygenase-1
Prostaglandin G/H Synthase 1
COX-1
Cyclooxygenase-1
PHS 1
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 1
EC 1.14.99

familial adenomatous polyposis
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
sepsis
Urticaria chronic
GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING
perforation
Polyps
Angioedema
COLON CARCINOMA
insulin sensitivity
Myocardial Ischemia
Atherosclerosis
Metaplasia
Edema
Rheumatic Diseases
Asthma
Adenocarcinoma
Hyperalgesia
Ureteral obstruction
Cancer
Obstruction
Idiopathic urticaria
premalignant
Colorectal Carcinoma
Urticaria
Periodontal Diseases
Shock
Ovarian Cancer
Nasal Polyps
hypermotility
Ulcer
polyposis
Colorectal Cancer
Inflammation
HNSCC
reflux
carcinoma transitional cell bladder
Chronic arthritis
Gastrointestinal complications
GASTROINTESTINAL PERFORATION
Hypertrophy
CHRONIC CYSTITIS
Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Pneumonia
prostate cancer
Tumors
Cardiovascular Diseases
Thrombosis
prostatic adenocarcinoma
Necrosis
Rhinitis
COLON TUMOR
Peptic Ulcer
Intestinal Polyps
Colitis
Gastric Cancer
Barrett Esophagus
Melanoma
bladder cancer
Colon Cancer
NEPHRITIS ACUTE INTERSTITIAL
LEUKEMIA BASOPHILIC
Oligodendroglioma
Carcinoma
gastric lesion
TOXICITY RENAL
Osteoarthritis
INFARCT
Gastrointestinal Ulcers
Leukemia
PROSTATE CARCINOMA
Alzheimers Disease
neurodegeneration
gastric ulcer
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Myocardial Infarction
HEART FAILURE
Respiratory disease
Skin Cancer
Adenoma
Scar
Bleeding
OVARIAN CARCINOMA
ANAPHYLACTOID REACTION
Gastropathy
Carcinoma Squamous Cell
Gastritis
Colorectal Tumors
URTICARIA ACUTE
platelet dysfunction
Labor Premature
Arthritis

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PTGS1 Gene

Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 1 (Prostaglandin G/H...

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