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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

PTGES Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 62
GCID: GC09M132500

prostaglandin E synthase


(Previous symbol: MGST1L1)
 Explore 42 diseases affiliated with
PTGES via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for PTGES    

Aliases
for PTGES gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Prostaglandin E Synthase1 2     PP1022
MGST1L11 2 3 5     PP12942
PIG121 2 3 5     Glutathione S-Transferase 1-Like 12
MGST1-L11 2 3     MPGES-13
PGES2 3 5     MGST1-Like 12
MGST-IV1 2     Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-12
TP53I121 2     P53-Induced Apoptosis Protein 122
Microsomal Glutathione S-Transferase 1-Like 12 3     Tumor Protein P53 Inducible Protein 122
Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase 12 3     EC 5.3.99.33
P53-Induced Gene 12 Protein2 3     MPGES-13
MPGES2     MPGES13

External Ids:    HGNC: 95991   Entrez Gene: 95362   Ensembl: ENSG000001483447   OMIM: 6051725   UniProtKB: O146843   

Export aliases for PTGES gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC09M123615 GC09M124147 GC09M125954 GC09M127876 GC09M129580 GC09M131540 GC09M102099


Summaries
for PTGES gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for PTGES:
The protein encoded by this gene is a glutathione-dependent prostaglandin E synthase. The expression of this gene has
been shown to be induced by proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL1B). Its expression can also be induced by
tumor suppressor protein TP53, and may be involved in TP53 induced apoptosis. Knockout studies in mice suggest that
this gene may contribute to the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis and mediate acute pain during inflammatory
responses. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PTGES_HUMAN, O14684
Function: Catalyzes the oxidoreduction of prostaglandin endoperoxide H2 (PGH2) to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)

Gene Wiki entry for PTGES


Genomic Views
for PTGES gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000009.11  NC_018920.1  NT_008470.19  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the PTGES gene promoter:
         AML1a   STAT3   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 2): PTGES promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for PTGES

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat PTGES


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 9q34.3   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  9q34.11   HGNC cytogenetic band: 9q34.3

PTGES Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
PTGES gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 9         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC09M132500:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 132,500,610 bp from pter      End:
 132,515,344 bp from pter
Size:
 14,735 bases      Orientation:
 minus strand

Proteins
for PTGES gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PTGES_HUMAN, O14684 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Prostaglandin E synthase  
Size: 152 amino acids; 17102 Da
Cofactor: Glutathione
Subunit: Homotrimer
Subcellular location: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein
3 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for PTGES:
3DWW (3D)        4AL0 (3D)        4AL1 (3D)    
Secondary accessions: O14900 Q5SZC0

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for PTGES: NX_O14684

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_O14684

    • PTGES Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_004869.1  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000342385  
    Reactome Protein details: O14684
    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
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    Novus Biologicals PTGES Proteins
    Novus Biologicals PTGES Lysates
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
    Uscn Proteins for PTGES

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/7 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 7):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005624membrane fraction ----
    GO:0005641nuclear envelope lumen IEA--
    GO:0005737cytoplasm ----
    GO:0005792microsome ----
    GO:0016020membrane TAS10377395


    PTGES for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    ThermoFisher Antibodies for PTGES

    Assay Products for PTGES: 
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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for PTGES

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for PTGES gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    PTGES for domains           About GeneDecksing

    2 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR023352 MAPEG-like_dom
     IPR001129 Membr-assoc_MAPEG

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry O14684

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: O14684

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB001129 Membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism (MAPEG)

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PTGES_HUMAN, O14684
    Similarity: Belongs to the MAPEG family


    Function
    for PTGES gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PTGES_HUMAN, O14684
    Function: Catalyzes the oxidoreduction of prostaglandin endoperoxide H2 (PGH2) to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)
    Catalytic activity: (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,11-alpha-epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate =
    (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11-alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate
    Induction: By p53/TP53

    Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 5.3.99.31

    miRNA
    Products:            		 OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: PTGES
    Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PTGES
    Search QIAGEN for miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PTGES
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PTGES 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:            		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PTGES (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: PTGES
    OriGene siRNA: PTGES
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PTGES

    Gene Editing
    Products:    		DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for PTGES

    Clone
    Products:             		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PTGES (see all 3)
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    Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for PTGES
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PTGES 

    Cell Line
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    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for PTGES

    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PTGES

    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0043295glutathione binding IDA18682561
    GO:0050220prostaglandin-E synthase activity IDA18682561


    PTGES for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    3 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for PTGES:
     Big cells  G0/1 arrest  Increased G1 DNA content 

    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-outs for PTGES: Ptgestm1Lpa Ptgestm1Aki
         5 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Ptges):
     behavior/neurological  cellular  homeostasis/metabolism  immune system  integument 

    PTGES for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    Pathways & Interactions
    for PTGES gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/6 super-pathways (see all 6) About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)
    		Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)1.00
    		Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM0.44
    		Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM0.44
    2Metabolism
    		Metabolism1.00
    		Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins0.34
    		Metabolic pathways0.38
    3Arachidonic acid metabolism
    		Arachidonic acid metabolism1.00
    		Eicosanoid Synthesis0.31
    		Arachidonic acid metabolism0.42
    4PKA activation in glucagon signalling
    		Neurophysiological process_PGE2-induced pain processing0.44
    		Neurophysiological process PGE2-induced pain processing0.44
    5Celecoxib Pathway, Pharmacodynamics
    		Celecoxib Pathway, Pharmacodynamics1.00

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways

    2 EMD Millipore Pathways for PTGES
        Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM
    Neurophysiological process PGE2-induced pain processing

    1 Downloadable PowerPoint Slide of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for PTGES
        all-trans-Retinoic Acid Signaling in Brain

    2 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for PTGES
        Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM
    Neurophysiological process PGE2-induced pain processing

    1 BioSystems Pathway for PTGES 
        Eicosanoid Synthesis

    4        Reactome Pathways for PTGES
        Metabolism
    Arachidonic acid metabolism
    Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)
    Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins

    1 PharmGKB Pathway for PTGES
        Celecoxib Pathway, Pharmacodynamics

    2         Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for PTGES):
        Arachidonic acid metabolism
    Metabolic pathways


    PTGES for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for PTGES

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 12)

    5/12 Interacting proteins for PTGES (O146843 ENSP000003423854) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 12)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    PTGER1P349953, ENSP000002925134I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000292513
    PTGER2P431163, ENSP000002454574I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000245457
    CBR1ENSP000002903494STRING: ENSP00000290349
    HPGDSENSP000002952564STRING: ENSP00000295256
    PTGDSENSP000003606874STRING: ENSP00000360687
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/11 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 11):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0001516prostaglandin biosynthetic process IDA18682561
    GO:0002526acute inflammatory response IEA--
    GO:0002544chronic inflammatory response IEA--
    GO:0006693prostaglandin metabolic process TAS10377395
    GO:0007165signal transduction NAS10377395


    PTGES for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for PTGES gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    PTGES for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for PTGES

    5 HMDB Compounds for PTGES    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    Glutathione5-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine (see all 32)70-18-8--
    PGH3prostaglandin H(,3) 42935-17-1--
    Prostaglandin E2(-)-Prostaglandin E2 (see all 22)363-24-6--
    Prostaglandin H1PGH(,1) (see all 3)----
    Prostaglandin H2Prostaglandin-H2 (see all 27)42935-17-1--
    10/21 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for PTGES gene (see all 21)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    pge2 85.5 113 16336776 (3), 12528468 (2), 12818365 (2), 15225371 (2) (see all 52)
    pgh2 82.3 7 12528468 (2), 15314505 (1), 15225371 (1), 16336776 (1) (see all 5)
    prostaglandin 79.4 39 11514380 (1), 12835322 (1), 12432931 (1), 12519887 (1) (see all 18)
    prostaglandin-h2 69.8 1 11029586 (1)
    arachidonic acid 65.8 16 12414902 (1), 12519887 (1), 16303602 (1), 17244328 (1) (see all 12)
    prostacyclin 47.6 8 12414902 (1), 19046748 (1), 16314486 (1), 17374734 (1) (see all 5)
    (+-)-pgf2-alpha 44.3 1 16524686 (1)
    15-deoxy-delta-12,14-prostaglandin j2 40.5 4 12885795 (2), 16495511 (1)
    thromboxane 33.9 2 18952655 (1), 19423863 (1)
    dexamethasone 31.6 5 11029586 (1), 15479233 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about PTGES 

    Transcripts
    for PTGES gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for PTGES gene (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_004878.4  NM_198797.1  

    Unigene Cluster for PTGES:

    Prostaglandin E synthase
    Hs.146688  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: AK127663
    2 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000481476(uc010myy.3) ENST00000340607(uc004byi.3)

    miRNA
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    Inhib. RNA
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    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PTGES (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: PTGES
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    Clone
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    Primer
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      QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat PTGES

    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AF010316.1 AF027740.1 AF217965.1 AF217972.1 AK127663.1 AK311947.1 BC008280.1 BC018201.2 

    9 DOTS entries:

    DT.455479  DT.100703143  DT.91736910  DT.92002863  DT.91736909  DT.100694643  DT.95225589  DT.95290155 
    DT.100039584 

    24/105 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 105):

    BX439245 CR618950 CR610930 BM550187 BQ927197 BQ949113 BU185857 CR620820 
    BU540717 BU169075 BU541516 CR605510 BQ957455 CD245477 BM047984 BI085451 
    BX330553 BG335205 BQ927533 BG490330 BX335396 BM686778 CB960064 BF971930 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure


    Expression
    for PTGES gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    PTGES expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: --

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    PTGES expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 7 LifeMap Cells 
    NameCategory
    PureStem™ mesenchymal Progenitor SK11 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)Adipose, Bone, Cartilage
    PureStem™ progenitor EN13 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)
    PureStem™ progenitor EN7 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)
    PureStem™ progenitor RASMO12 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)
    PureStem™ progenitor W10 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)
    PureStem™ progenitor W8 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)
    Syncytiotrophoblast-like cells (Generation of syncyt...)
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization

    See PTGES Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for PTGES

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.146688
        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Array including PTGES: 
              Drug Metabolism: Phase II Enzymes in human mouse rat

    Primer
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    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PTGES

    Orthologs
    for PTGES gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

    Orthologs for PTGES gene from 5/17 species (see all 17)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves PTGES1 prostaglandin E synthase 74.13(n)
    71.33(a)    		   417193  NM_001194983.1  NP_001181912.1 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia PTGES6
    		 --
    		 68(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 AAWZ02038152(3239-10490)
    African clawed frog
    (Xenopus laevis)    		 Amphibia Xl.194392 Xenopus laevis transcribed sequence with weak similarity to protein refNP_004869.1 (H.sapiens) prostaglandin E synthase; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1-like 1 [Homo sapiens] less 73.31(n)    BQ385700.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii ptges1 prostaglandin E synthase 66.17(n)
    66.42(a)    		   544666  NM_001014828.2  NP_001014828.1 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)    		 Insecta Mgstl6
    CG331786
    (see all 3)    		 --
    		 34(a)
    30(a)
    (see all 3)    		 many ↔ many
    many ↔ many
    (see all 3)    		 X(20913512-20915134)
    X(14976860-14977812)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PTGES (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for PTGES (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for PTGES gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for PTGES gene
    MGST12  
    1 SIMAP similar gene for PTGES using alignment to 1 protein entry:     PTGES_HUMAN:
    MGST1

    PTGES for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    Genomic Variants
    for PTGES gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/495 NCBI SNPs in PTGES are shown (see all 495)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 9 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs1120462501,2
    		--132500198(+) AGGGAC/AAGTGA 1 -- ds50011Minor allele frequency- A:0.00CSA 1
    rs109884861,2
    		H--132500592(+) CACCAG/TGAACG 1 -- ds50014Minor allele frequency- T:0.00NS EA 420
    rs1901733791,2
    		C,--132500611(+) AAGACA/GAGGTG 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs455428311,2
    		C,--132500826(-) GAGCTT/CTGGGT 1 -- ut313Minor allele frequency- C:0.04NS NA WA 166
    rs18019781,2
    		C,F,A,H,--132500848(-) AGGGCA/TGTGGG 1 -- ut31 ese311Minor allele frequency- T:0.17EA NA NS WA CSA 621
    rs38925371,2
    		C,F,H,--132500907(+) CCCTCC/ACACCC 1 -- ut31 ese34Minor allele frequency- A:0.04NA MN WA 306
    rs454558921,2
    		C,--132500972(-) GCTGAC/TGCTTC 1 -- ut311Minor allele frequency- T:0.02NS 46
    rs455447371,2
    		C,F,--132500980(-) CTGCCC/TCCGCT 1 -- ut312Minor allele frequency- T:0.08NS NA 166
    rs38925381,2
    		C,F,H,--132501068(+) ACTGGC/TAGGGG 1 -- ut31 ese313Minor allele frequency- T:0.02EA NA NS MN WA 1484
    rs1827925971,2
    		--132501185(+) GAGGCC/TGGTGG 1 -- ut310--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for PTGES (132500610 - 132515344 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 1 variation for PTGES
         1 CNV: 36919

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing PTGES
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for PTGES

    Disorders / Diseases
    for PTGES gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    PTGES for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 605172    OMIM disorders: --

    20/42 diseases for PTGES (see all 42):    About MalaCards
    arthritis    patent ductus arteriosus    breast cancer susceptibility    inflammatory bowel disease
    rheumatoid arthritis    pleurisy    myocardial infarction    gastritis
    squamous cell carcinoma    gastric ulcer    breast cancer    keloids
    gastric cancer    colorectal cancer    gastric adenocarcinoma    cervicitis
    cervical carcinoma    adenoma    polyposis    medulloblastoma

    1 disease from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for PTGES:
    Osteoarthritis

    10/19 Novoseek disease relationships for PTGES gene (see all 19)    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    inflammation 25.5 8 16911359 (2), 17505022 (1), 19228061 (1), 18703630 (1) (see all 5)
    adenocarcinoma 22.5 6 17022010 (3), 18477251 (1), 17868774 (1)
    nsclc 20.8 2 16314486 (1), 15386340 (1)
    adenoma 17.9 1 20086108 (1)
    rheumatoid arthritis 16.5 1 14558087 (1)
    colorectal cancer 13.4 6 12818365 (1), 16495511 (1), 19412621 (1), 16538022 (1)
    arthritis 12.6 3 15910650 (2), 11067848 (1)
    cancer 11.6 12 18477251 (3), 11555570 (1), 16533161 (1), 17546626 (1) (see all 7)
    tumors 11 8 20042640 (1), 15629771 (1), 18477251 (1), 18980437 (1) (see all 8)
    cancer lung 10.3 2 17374734 (2)

    Genetic Association Database (GAD): PTGES
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: PTGES (19 documents)

    Export disorders for PTGES gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for PTGES gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for PTGES gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 220):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with PTGES)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. A model for p53-induced apoptosis. (PubMed id 9305847)1, 2, 3 Polyak K....Vogelstein B. (1997)
    2. Human glutathione dependent prostaglandin E synthase: gene structure and regulation. (PubMed id 10760517)1, 2, 9 Forsberg L.... Jakobsson P.J. (2000)
    3. Genetic analysis of 22 candidate genes for hypertension in the Japanese population. (PubMed id 15167446)1, 4, 9 Iwai N....Shioji K. (2004)
    4. Identification of human prostaglandin E synthase: a microsomal, glutathione-dependent, inducible enzyme, constituting a potential novel drug target. (PubMed id 10377395)1, 2, 9 Jakobsson P.-J.... Samuelsson B. (1999)
    5. Structural basis for induced formation of the inflamm atory mediator prostaglandin E2. (PubMed id 18682561)1, 2 JegerschAPld C....Hebert H. (2008)
    6. Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)1, 2 Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
    7. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    8. Human microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1: purification, functional characterization, and projection structure determination. (PubMed id 12672824)1, 2 Thoren S.... Jakobsson P.-J. (2003)
    9. Purification and characterization of recombinant microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1. (PubMed id 12460774)1, 2 Ouellet M.... Percival M.D. (2002)
    10. Common structural features of MAPEG -- a widespread s uperfamily of membrane associated proteins with highly divergent functions in e icosanoid and glutathione metabolism. (PubMed id 10091672)1, 3 Jakobsson P.J....Persson B. (1999)

    External Searches for PTGES gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
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      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing PTGES gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 9536 HGNC: 9599 AceView: PTGES Ensembl:ENSG00000148344 euGenes: HUgn9536
    ECgene: PTGES Kegg: 9536 H-InvDB: PTGES

    Other Databases showing PTGES gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing PTGES gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for PTGES Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for PTGES Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

    Intellectual Property
    for PTGES gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for PTGES gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving PTGES

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



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    About This Section

     
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