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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

PTGDS Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 67
GCID: GC09P139871

prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa (brain)

(Previous names: prostaglandin D2 synthase (21kD, brain) )

Explore 64 diseases affiliated with
PTGDS via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Prostaglandin D2 Synthase 21kDa (Brain)¹ ²		EC 5.3.99.2³ ⁸
PGDS¹ ² ³		Prostaglandin D2 Synthase (21kD, Brain)¹
L-PGDS¹ ²		LPGDS²
Beta-Trace Protein² ³		PGD2²
Glutathione-Independent PGD Synthase² ³		Cerebrin-28³
Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin-D Synthase² ³		Glutathione-Independent PGD Synthetase²
Prostaglandin-D2 Synthase² ³		Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D Synthase²
PDS² ³		Prostaglandin D Synthase²
PGDS2² ³		Prostaglandin-H2 D-Isomerase²
PGD2 Synthase² ³		Cerebrin-28³

External Ids:	HGNC: 9592¹	Entrez Gene: 5730²	Ensembl: ENSG00000107317⁷	OMIM: 176803⁵	UniProtKB: P41222³

Export aliases for PTGDS gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC09M131178 GC09P131561 GC09P133310 GC09P135226 GC09P137145 GC09P138989 GC09P109331

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for PTGDS:

The protein encoded by this gene is a glutathione-independent prostaglandin D synthase that catalyzes the conversion of

prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to postaglandin D2 (PGD2). PGD2 functions as a neuromodulator as well as a trophic factor in

the central nervous system. PGD2 is also involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and is a potent inhibitor of

platelet aggregation. This gene is preferentially expressed in brain. Studies with transgenic mice overexpressing this

gene suggest that this gene may be also involved in the regulation of non-rapid eye movement sleep. (provided by

RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PTGDS_HUMAN, P41222

Function: Catalyzes the conversion of PGH2 to PGD2, a prostaglandin involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation

and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Involved in a variety of CNS functions, such as sedation, NREM sleep

and PGE2-induced allodynia, and may have an anti-apoptotic role in oligodendrocytes. Binds small non-substrate

lipophilic molecules, including biliverdin, bilirubin, retinal, retinoic acid and thyroid hormone, and may act as a

scavenger for harmful hydrophopic molecules and as a secretory retinoid and thyroid hormone transporter. Possibly

involved in development and maintenance of the blood-brain, blood-retina, blood-aqueous humor and blood-testis

barrier. It is likely to play important roles in both maturation and maintenance of the central nervous system and

male reproductive system

Gene Wiki entry for PTGDS (Prostaglandin D2 synthase)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000009.11 NC_018920.1 NT_024000.16

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the PTGDS gene promoter:
c-Fos CREB AP-1 deltaCREB ATF-2 c-Jun
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: PTGDS promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for PTGDS

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat PTGDS

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 9q34.2-q34.3 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 9q34.3 HGNC cytogenetic band: 9q34.2-q34.3

PTGDS Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
PTGDS gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 9 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC09P139871: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	139,871,956 bp from pter	End:	139,879,887 bp from pter
Size:	7,932 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PTGDS_HUMAN, P41222 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase precursor

Size: 190 amino acids; 21029 Da

Subunit: Monomer

Subcellular location: Rough endoplasmic reticulum. Nucleus membrane. Golgi apparatus. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region.

Secreted. Note=Detected on rough endoplasmic reticulum of arachnoid and menigioma cells. Localized to the nuclear

envelope, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicles and spherical cytoplasmic structures in arachnoid trabecular cells, and

to circular cytoplasmic structures in meningeal macrophages and perivascular microglial cells. In oligodendrocytes,

localized to the rough endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope. In retinal pigment epithelial cells, localized to

distinct cytoplasmic domains including the perinuclear region. Also secreted

Developmental stage: Expression in the amniotic fluid increases dramatically during weeks 12 to 25 of pregnancy. Levels

decrease slowly after 25 weeks

Miscellaneous: It has been proposed that the urinary and serum levels may provide a sensitive indicator of renal damage

in diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Elevated levels in the coronary circulation may also be associated with angina.

Changes in charge and molecular weight microheterogeneity, due to modification of the N-linked oligosaccharides, may

be associated with neurodegenerative disease and multiple sclerosis. Detected in meningioma but not in other brain

tumors and may be considered a specific cell marker for meningioma. Expression levels in amniotic fluid are altered in

abnormal pregnancies. Levels are lower in pregnancies with trisomic fetuses and fetuses with renal abnormalities

4 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for PTGDS:

2WWP (3D)

3O19 (3D)

3O22 (3D)

3O2Y (3D)

Secondary accessions: B2R727 Q5SQ10 Q7M4P3 Q9UC22 Q9UCC9 Q9UCD9

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for PTGDS: NX_P41222

Post-translational modifications:

N- and O-glycosylated. Both N-glycosylation recognition sites are almost quantitatively occupied by N-glycans of the

biantennary complex type, with a considerable proportion of structures bearing a bisecting GlcNAc. N-glycan at Asn-78:

dHex1Hex5HexNAc4. Agalacto structure as well as sialylated and nonsialylated oligosaccharides bearing alpha2-3- and/or

alpha2-6-linked NeuNAc are present¹

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P41222

4/8 DME Specific Peptides for PTGDS (P41222) (see all 8)

HTLWMGL

SLGSYSY

MATLYSR

IVFLPQTDKC

PTGDS Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_000945.3

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000392633 ENSP00000360687 ENSP00000360685 ENSP00000435033 ENSP00000397468

ENSP00000392692 ENSP00000224167

Reactome Protein details: P41222
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

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	Novus Biologicals PTGDS Proteins Novus Biologicals PTGDS Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for PTGDS
	Uscn Proteins for PTGDS

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/6 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 6): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005576	extracellular region	IDA	7692978
GO:0005615	extracellular space	IDA	19878301
GO:0005791	rough endoplasmic reticulum	IDA	9065498
GO:0005794	Golgi apparatus	ISS	--
GO:0031965	nuclear membrane	IEA	--

PTGDS for ontologies About GeneDecksing

PTGDS Antibody Products:

	EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of PTGDS
	R&D Systems Antibodies for PTGDS (PGD2 Synthase/PTGDS)
	OriGene Antibodies (see all 2): PTGDS OriGene Custom Antibody Services for PTGDS
	GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for PTGDS
	Novus Biologicals PTGDS Antibodies
	Search for Antibodies for PTGDS at Abcam
	Uscn Antibodies for PTGDS
	ThermoFisher Antibodies for PTGDS

Assay Products for PTGDS:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for PTGDS
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for PTGDS

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

PTGDS for domains About GeneDecksing

5/6 InterPro domains/families (see all 6):

IPR012674 Calycin

IPR011038 Calycin-like

IPR002345 Lipocalin

IPR022272 Lipocalin_CS

IPR000566 Lipocln_cytosolic_FA-bd_dom

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P41222

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P41222

2 Blocks protein families:

IPB002345 Lipocalin signature

IPB002972 Prostaglandin D synthase signature

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PTGDS_HUMAN, P41222

Domain: Forms a beta-barrel structure that accommodates hydrophobic ligands in its interior

Similarity: Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PTGDS_HUMAN, P41222

Function: Catalyzes the conversion of PGH2 to PGD2, a prostaglandin involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation

and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Involved in a variety of CNS functions, such as sedation, NREM sleep

and PGE2-induced allodynia, and may have an anti-apoptotic role in oligodendrocytes. Binds small non-substrate

lipophilic molecules, including biliverdin, bilirubin, retinal, retinoic acid and thyroid hormone, and may act as a

scavenger for harmful hydrophopic molecules and as a secretory retinoid and thyroid hormone transporter. Possibly

involved in development and maintenance of the blood-brain, blood-retina, blood-aqueous humor and blood-testis

barrier. It is likely to play important roles in both maturation and maintenance of the central nervous system and

male reproductive system

Catalytic activity: (5Z,13E,15S)-9-alpha,11-alpha-epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate =

(5Z,13E,15S)-9-alpha,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate

Induction: By IL1B/interleukin-1 beta and thyroid hormone. Probably induced by dexamethasone, dihydrotestosterone

(DHT), progesterone, retinoic acid and retinal. Repressed by the Notch-Hes signaling pathway

Genatlas biochemistry entry for PTGDS:

prostaglandin D2 synthase,glutathione independent,21kDa,brain-specific,membrane associated lipocalcin family

Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 5.3.99.2¹ ²

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: PTGDS Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PTGDS
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		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PTGDS 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PTGDS (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: PTGDS OriGene siRNA: PTGDS
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PTGDS

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for PTGDS

Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
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		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: PTGDS (NM_000954)
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		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PTGDS

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for PTGDS
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for PTGDS

In Situ Assay
Products:

Search Advanced Cell Diagnostics for RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PTGDS

Gene Ontology (GO): 5 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004667	prostaglandin-D synthase activity	ISS	--
GO:0005215	transporter activity	ISS	--
GO:0005501	retinoid binding	ISS	--
GO:0005504	fatty acid binding	IDA	--
GO:0036094	small molecule binding	IEA	--

PTGDS for ontologies           About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:
     Mouse knock-outs for PTGDS: Ptgds^tm1Mfg Ptgds^tm1Ohy
     6 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 3 alleles) (MGI details for Ptgds):

behavior/neurological	immune system	integument	mortality/aging	no phenotypic analysis
tumorigenesis

PTGDS for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)

	Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)	1.00			Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM	0.44
	prostanoid biosynthesis	0.50			Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM	0.44

Arachidonic acid metabolism

	Arachidonic acid metabolism	1.00			Eicosanoid Synthesis	0.31
	Arachidonic acid metabolism	0.42

Metabolism

	Metabolism	1.00			Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins	0.34
	Metabolic pathways	0.38

Prostaglandin Synthesis and Regulation

Prostaglandin Synthesis and Regulation

1.00

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

1 EMD Millipore Pathway for PTGDS

Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM

1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathway for PTGDS

Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM

3 BioSystems Pathways for PTGDS

	Eicosanoid Synthesis
	Prostaglandin Synthesis and Regulation
	prostanoid biosynthesis

4 Reactome Pathways for PTGDS

	Metabolism
	Arachidonic acid metabolism
	Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)
	Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins

2 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for PTGDS):

	Arachidonic acid metabolism
	Metabolic pathways

PTGDS for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for PTGDS

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 18)

5/23 Interacting proteins for PTGDS (P41222^{2, 3} ENSP00000360687⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 23)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
ATXN1	P54253²^,³, ENSP00000244769⁴	MINT-2862313 MINT-2862294 I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000244769
CAPN1	P07384³, ENSP00000279247⁴	I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000279247
HK2	P52789³, ENSP00000290573⁴	I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000290573
PTGER1	P34995³, ENSP00000292513⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000292513
PTGER2	P43116³, ENSP00000245457⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000245457

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001516	prostaglandin biosynthetic process	ISS	--
GO:0006629	lipid metabolic process	--	--
GO:0006810	transport	ISS	--
GO:0045187	regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep	ISS	--
GO:0051384	response to glucocorticoid stimulus	IEA	--

PTGDS for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

PTGDS for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Compounds for PTGDS available from Tocris Bioscience About this table

Compound	Action	CAS #
AT 56	L-PGDS inhibitor	[162640-98-4]

1 HMDB Compound for PTGDS About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
Prostaglandin H2	Prostaglandin-H2 (see all 27)	42935-17-1	--

10/22 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for PTGDS gene (see all 22) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
pgd2	94	144	16154157 (8), 16986732 (5), 1588043 (5), 20080921 (5) (see all 60)
prostaglandin	78.2	26	12020781 (2), 14695453 (1), 16986732 (1), 16842938 (1) (see all 15)
prostaglandin-h2	78.1	8	8599604 (1), 8761996 (1), 11339279 (1), 20386697 (1) (see all 7)
pgh2	67.3	5	16986732 (1), 12432930 (1), 20122226 (1), 9844724 (1)
bw245c	67.2	1	12494276 (1)
15-deoxy-delta-12,14-prostaglandin j2	62.2	1	12623786 (1)
ltc4	51.3	3	9821474 (1), 19364335 (1), 1588043 (1)
retinoid	30.9	3	9188476 (1), 10650953 (1)
retinoic acid	28	5	12842099 (1), 10650953 (1), 18812854 (1)
ctp	27.4	4	10819784 (2), 16431015 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about PTGDS

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for PTGDS gene:

NM_000954.5

Unigene Cluster for PTGDS:

Prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa (brain)

Hs.446429 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: BM805807

11 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000457950 ENST00000371625 ENST00000371623 ENST00000471521 ENST00000446677

ENST00000460340 ENST00000492068 ENST00000462514 ENST00000444903 ENST00000467871

ENST00000224167(uc004ckd.3 uc004cke.3)

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: PTGDS Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
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Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
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		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat PTGDS

Additional cDNA sequence:

AK075333.1 AK312817.1 AY026356.1 BC005939.1 BT019921.1 BT019922.1 M61900.2

24/25 DOTS entries (see all 25):

DT.419709 DT.75169245 DT.100031548 DT.438690 DT.91798653 DT.91798752 DT.95278750 DT.121164037

DT.95278758 DT.95278767 DT.100031549 DT.97791735 DT.92058707 DT.92005211 DT.92017473 DT.95139548

DT.95278763 DT.100817884 DT.121164021 DT.121164049 DT.95278695 DT.95278765 DT.95278769 DT.97855711

24/821 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 821):

N50461 AK097466 BQ876483 CR612267 H49851 BM691524 AL044730 AA383276

BM690894 C05072 BM707788 CR610092 BQ721571 BM686168 BM688894 CA389221

CA389079 AA318579 BM705162 CR614437 BM704712 AI459994 AA361615 AA318109

GeneLoc Exon Structure

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

PTGDS expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: ACGGAACAAT

About this image

PTGDS expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

2 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Eye

Inner Nuclear Layer

AII Amacrine Cells

Amacrine, Retina

Adipose

Interscapular Brown Adipose Depot

Adipose

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

Stem Cell Differentiation: 6 LifeMap Cells

Name

Category

PureStem™ myogenic progenitor Z11 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

Heart, Myocardium, Smooth Muscle

PureStem™ mesenchymal Progenitor SK11 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

Adipose, Bone, Cartilage

PureStem™ mesenchymal progenitor MEL2 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

Adipose, Bone, Cartilage

PureStem™ progenitor SK17 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

PureStem™ progenitor Z1 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

Definitive endoderm-like cells (A scalable, suspensi...)

See PTGDS Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for PTGDS

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.446429

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PTGDS_HUMAN, P41222

Tissue specificity: Abundant in the brain and CNS, where it is expressed in tissues of the blood-brain barrier and

secreted into the cerebro-spinal fluid. Abundantly expressed in the heart. In the male reproductive system, it is

expressed in the testis, epididymis and prostate, and is secreted into the seminal fluid. Expressed in the eye and

secreted into the aqueous humor. Lower levels detected in various tissue fluids such as serum, normal urine, ascitic

fluid and tear fluid. Also found in a number of other organs including ovary, fimbriae of the fallopian tubes, kidney,

leukocytes

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Array including PTGDS:

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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for PTGDS gene from 4/10 species (see all 10) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Ptgds^{1 , 5}	prostaglandin D2 synthase (brain)^{1, 5}	80.78(n)¹ 72.49(a)¹		2 (17.28 cM)⁵ 19215¹ NM_008963.2¹ NP_032989.2¹ 25466709⁵
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	PTGDS¹	prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa (brain)	60.38(n) 46.86(a)		374110 NM_204259.1 NP_989590.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	PTGDS⁶	--	40(a)	1 → many	2(111665236-111669014)
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	lcn15¹	lipocalin 15	43.52(n) 31.21(a)		751703 NM_001045415.1 NP_001038880.1

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PTGDS (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for PTGDS (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for PTGDS gene

LCNL1² LCN15²

3 SIMAP similar genes for PTGDS using alignment to 6 protein entries: PTGDS_HUMAN (see all proteins):

AMBP NGAL LCN2

PTGDS for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 9 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs147081224^1,2		--	139869964(+)	`TGGGAC/TCTGCT`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs3814500^1,2	C,F,A,H,	--	139870090(+)	`GGACCT/CGGCCC`	1	--	us2k¹		19		NS EA NA WA CSA	887
rs3814501^1,2	C,F,A,H,	--	139870113(+)	`GAGTCT/CCTCCC`	1	--	us2k¹		17		NS EA NA WA CSA	886
rs61741469^1,2	F,	--	139870160(+)	`TCAGAC/TCCAGA`	1	--	us2k¹		1		NS	74
rs185504307^1,2		--	139870272(+)	`GTTGGG/TACCTC`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs35381185^1,2	C,F,	--	139870346(+)	`GCAGCG/AGGCAG`	1	--	us2k¹		4		NS NA	172
rs140968973^1,2		--	139870367(+)	`TTGTGC/GTGATA`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs34357564^1,2	C,F,	--	139870382(+)	`AGCCGC/TAACTC`	1	--	us2k¹		4		NS NA	98
rs867250^1,2	C,F,A,H,	--	139870445(+)	`CAGGCT/CTGCGG`	1	--	us2k¹		11		NA NS CSA WA EA	465
rs189608598^1,2		--	139870458(+)	`CACGCA/GGGGTC`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for PTGDS (139871956 - 139879887 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 3 variations for PTGDS
3 CNVs: 9631 30350 5415
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): PTGDS

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(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

PTGDS for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 176803    OMIM disorders: --

20/64 diseases for PTGDS (see all 64):    About MalaCards

cerebrospinal fluid leak complete androgen insensitivity syndrome androgen insensitivity syndrome normal pressure hydrocephalus

macular holes proliferative diabetic retinopathy retinol binding protein egg allergy

traumatic brain injury diabetic retinopathy meninges hemangiopericytoma ocular hypotension

demyelinating polyneuropathy brain injury hemangiopericytoma hydrocephalus

sandhoff disease allergic rhinitis breast cancer susceptibility aggressive periodontitis

4 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for PTGDS:

Asthma Allergic rhinitis Ocular hypotension Vascular disease

10/30 Novoseek disease relationships for PTGDS gene (see all 30) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome	57.6	1	9455908 (1)
hydrocephalus normal pressure	38.6	2	14630351 (2)
nasal polyps	32.7	6	16911359 (4), 17638783 (1)
neurological disorders	32.1	5	16259013 (2), 11669522 (2), 11058767 (1)
azoospermia	30.9	2	18206953 (1), 15748601 (1)
proliferative diabetic retinopathy	27.2	1	16531280 (1)
macular holes	25.5	1	16531280 (1)
multiple sclerosis	22	2	16409554 (1), 16410653 (1)
aqueous humor	16.8	2	8599604 (1), 12020781 (1)
renal disease	14.1	2	12194921 (1), 11058767 (1)

Genetic Association Database (GAD): PTGDS
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: PTGDS (9 documents)

Export disorders for PTGDS gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for PTGDS gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 216):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with PTGDS)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Human brain prostaglandin D synthase has been evolutionarily differentiated from lipophilic-ligand carrier proteins. (PubMed id 1902577)^{1, 2, 3} Nagata A....Hayaishi O. (1991)
Astrocytes synthesize and secrete prostaglandin D synthetase in vitro. (PubMed id 8599604)^{1, 2, 9} Giacomelli S.... Cheng C.Y. (1996)
Prostaglandin D synthase (beta-trace) in human arachnoid and meningioma cells: roles as a cell marker or in cerebrospinal fluid absorption, tumorigenesis, and calcification process. (PubMed id 9065498)^{1, 2, 9} Yamashima T.... Hayaishi O. (1997)
Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in human male reproductive organs and seminal plasma. (PubMed id 9475419)^{1, 2, 9} Tokugawa Y....Hayaishi O. (1998)
Quantification of prostaglandin D synthetase in cerebrospinal fluid: a potential marker for brain tumor. (PubMed id 9844724)^{1, 2, 9} Saso L.... Cheng C.Y. (1998)
Identification of gene polymorphism in lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase and its association with carotid atherosclerosis in Japanese hypertensive patients. (PubMed id 15325247)^{1, 4, 9} Miwa Y....Kawano Y. (2004)
Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in essential hypertension. (PubMed id 11882588)^{1, 2, 9} Hirawa N.... Umemura S. (2002)
Charge microheterogeneity of the beta-trace proteins (lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase) in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurological disorders analyzed by capillary isoelectrofocusing. (PubMed id 11669522)^{1, 2, 9} Hiraoka A....Baba K. (2001)
Expression of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (beta-trace) in human heart and its accumulation in the coronary circulation of angina patients. (PubMed id 9405674)^{1, 2, 9} Eguchi Y.... Hayaishi O. (1997)
Structure and chromosomal localization of the human gene for a brain form of prostaglandin D2 synthase. (PubMed id 1385416)^{1, 2, 9} White D.M....Stefansson K. (1992)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section

		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 5730	HGNC: 9592	AceView: PTGDSandFLJ45224	Ensembl:ENSG00000107317	euGenes: HUgn5730
ECgene: PTGDS	Kegg: 5730	H-InvDB: PTGDS

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for PTGDS	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
SeattleSNPs	http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/ptgds/

Intellectual Property for PTGDS gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for PTGDS gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving PTGDS

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

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PTGDS Gene

prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa (brain)

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PTGDS (Gene Symbol)
Prostaglandin D2 Synthase 21kDa (Brain)
PGDS
L-PGDS
Beta-Trace Protein
Glutathione-Independent PGD Synthase
Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin-D Synthase
Prostaglandin-D2 Synthase
PDS
PGDS2
PGD2 Synthase
EC 5.3.99.2
Prostaglandin D2 Synthase (21kD, Brain)
LPGDS
PGD2
Cerebrin-28
Glutathione-Independent PGD Synthetase
Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D Synthase
Prostaglandin D Synthase
Prostaglandin-H2 D-Isomerase
Cerebrin-28

Dementia
Meningioma
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Neurological Disorders
RENAL DISEASE
Infertility
Ovarian Cancer
Nasal Polyps
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Azoospermia
Multiple Sclerosis
atherosclerotic plaque
Carbohydrate-Deficient Glycoprotein Syndrome
Inflammation
Anaphylaxis
Hydrocephalus Normal Pressure
Allergic Reaction
Macular Holes
Alzheimers Disease
aqueous humor
Renal Failure
Breast Cancer
Pneumonia
Tumors
Schizophrenia
Asthma
Necrosis
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PTGDS Gene

prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa (brain)

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