PROKR2 Gene

Aliases
for PROKR2 gene

Previous GC identifers: GC20M005231 GC20M005238

Summaries
for PROKR2 gene

Genomic Views
for PROKR2 gene

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000020.10  NC_018931.1  NT_011387.8  

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: PROKR2 promoter sequence

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat PROKR2

PROKR2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)


GeneLoc information about chromosome 20         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC20M005282:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Proteins
for PROKR2 gene

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for PROKR2: NX_Q8NFJ6

Post-translational modifications:

	EMD Millipore Purified and/or Recombinant PROKR2 Protein
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	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	OriGene Purified Protein: PROKR2 OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: PROKR2 OriGene Custom Protein Services for PROKR2
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for PROKR2
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
	Uscn Proteins for PROKR2

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

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	GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for PROKR2
	Novus Biologicals PROKR2 Antibodies
	Search for Antibodies for PROKR2 at Abcam
	Uscn Antibodies for PROKR2
	ThermoFisher Antibodies for PROKR2

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for PROKR2
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for PROKR2

Protein Domains /
Families
for PROKR2 gene

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q8NFJ6

Function
for PROKR2 gene

miRNA Products:		Browse 3'-UTR reporter clones for miRNA target validation Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PROKR2
		Search QIAGEN for miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PROKR2
		Browse SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PROKR2 (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: PROKR2 OriGene siRNA: PROKR2
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PROKR2

Gene Editing Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for PROKR2

Clone Products:		EMD Millipore Clones for the Expression of PROKR2
		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PROKR2 (see all 3) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PROKR2 OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: PROKR2 (NM_144773)
		Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for PROKR2
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PROKR2

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for PROKR2
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for PROKR2

In Situ Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PROKR2

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

(inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Prokr2)

Pathways & Interactions
for PROKR2 gene

	Super-pathway	contained gene-specific pathways
1	Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)	Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) 1.00 Peptide ligand-binding receptors 0.61 GPCR ligand binding 0.75
2	Signaling by GPCR	Signaling by GPCR 1.00 Signal Transduction 0.56 GPCR downstream signaling 0.89
3	G alpha (q) signalling events	G alpha (q) signalling events 1.00 Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK 0.90
4	Neuropeptides signaling through G-protein alpha-i & G-protein alpha-q	Neuropeptides signaling through G-protein alpha-i & G-protein alpha-q 1.00
5	GPCRs, Other	GPCRs, Other 1.00

1 EMD Millipore Pathway for PROKR2

Neuropeptides signaling through G-protein alpha-i & G-protein alpha-q

1 BioSystems Pathway for PROKR2

GPCRs, Other

5/8        Reactome Pathways for PROKR2

	GPCR downstream signaling
	Peptide ligand-binding receptors
	Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK
	Signaling by GPCR
	GPCR ligand binding

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

Drugs & Compounds
for PROKR2 gene

Transcripts
for PROKR2 gene

Expression
for PROKR2 gene

PROKR2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: AAGTACTTCA

2 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells
	Tissue Anatomical Compartment Cell			Category (developmental path)
	Head MesenchymeFrontonasal Process			Head Mesenchyme
	TestisTestis Cord			Testis
Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization
Stem Cell Differentiation: 2 LifeMap Cells
	Name			Category
	PureStem™ progenitor EN2 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)
	Nkx2-1 GFP+ cells (Efficient derivation...)

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for PROKR2 Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat PROKR2
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat PROKR2
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat PROKR2

In Situ Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PROKR2

Orthologs
for PROKR2 gene

Paralogs
for PROKR2 gene

Paralogs for PROKR2 gene

PROKR1²  

3 SIMAP similar genes for PROKR2 using alignment to 1 protein entry:     PKR2_HUMAN:

PROKR1    PRLHR    NPY2R

PROKR2 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing

Genomic Variants
for PROKR2 gene

10/450 NCBI SNPs in PROKR2 are shown (see all 450)     About this table

Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 20 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
-1st2nd3rd	-1st2nd3rd	-1st2nd3rd	-1st2nd3rd	--	--	--	-1st2nd3rd	--	--	-1st2nd3rd	-1st2nd3rd	-1st2nd3rd
rs743154191,2	C	pathogenic	5282872(-)	GCCATA/GAGCAA	2	I M	mis1		0	--	--	--	--
rs743154171,2	C	pathogenic	5283212(-)	TGGCCA/GGATCT	2	Q R	mis1		0	--	--	--	--
rs743154161,2	C,F,	pathogenic	5283323(-)	CTTCCT/GGATCG	2	/R /L	mis1		2		NA EU	5541
rs743154181,2	C,F,	pathogenic	5294762(-)	GTTGCA/G/TCAACC	3	H R L	mis1		2		NA EU	5873
rs577235241,2	C,F,	--	5282269(+)	AAACTC/TCAATA	1	--	ds5001		4		WA CSA EA	242
rs735944671,2	C,	--	5282284(+)	CTGCTG/ACTTTG	1	--	ds5001		1		WA	2
rs1483179591,2	C,	--	5282300(+)	TTTTT-/TATATGT	1	--	ds5001		0	--	--	--	--
rs9271061,2	C,F,O,A,H,	--	5282336(+)	TTTTTG/TATTAC	1	--	ds5001		12		NA WA CSA EA	375
rs1402600901,2		--	5282379(+)	TCCCTC/GTCTAA	1	--	ds5001		0	--	--	--	--
rs730719281,2		--	5282482(+)	TAGGTA/GTCGAG	1	--	ds5001		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for PROKR2 (5282317 - 5297378 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 3 variations for PROKR2
     3 CNVs: 50692 50693 73462
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): PROKR2

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing PROKR2

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for PROKR2

Disorders / Diseases
for PROKR2 gene

17 diseases for PROKR2

2 Novoseek disease relationships for PROKR2 gene    About this table

Publications
for PROKR2 gene

PubMed articles for PROKR2 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 52) (see top 10): (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with PROKR2)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic world of online information

1. Kallmann syndrome: mutations in the genes encoding prokineticin-2 and prokineticin receptor-2. (PubMed id 17054399)^{1, 2, 3, 9} Dode C.... Hardelin J.-P. (2006)
2. Identification and molecular characterization of two closely related G protein-coupled receptors activated by prokineticins/endocrine gland vascular endothelial growth factor. (PubMed id 11886876)^{1, 2, 3} Lin D.C.-H....Zhou Q.-Y. (2002)
3. Evidence that prokineticin receptor 2 exists as a dim er in vivo. (PubMed id 21161321)^{1, 2} Marsango S....Miele R. (2010)
4. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
5. Molecular cloning and characterization of prokineticin receptors. (PubMed id 12427552)^{1, 2} Soga T.... Furuichi K. (2002)
6. The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. (PubMed id 11780052)^{1, 2} Deloukas P....Rogers J. (2001)
7. Divergent roles of prokineticin receptors in the endo thelial cells: angiogenesis and fenestration. (PubMed id 20023120)^{1, 9} Guilini C....Nebigil C.G. (2010)
8. Possible association of prokineticin 2 receptor gene (PROKR2) with mood disorders in the Japanese population. (PubMed id 19544013)^{1, 9} Kishi T....Iwata N. (2009)
9. Genetic analysis in patients with Kallmann syndrome: coexistence of mutations in prokineticin receptor 2 and KAL1. (PubMed id 18723471)^{1, 9} Canto P....Mendez J.P. (2009)
10. Mutations in prokineticin 2 and prokineticin receptor 2 genes in human gonadotrophin-releasing hormone deficiency: molecular genetics and clinical spectrum. (PubMed id 18559922)^{1, 9} Cole L.W....Pitteloud N. (2008)
11. The endocrine-gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF)/prokineticin 1 and 2 and receptor expression in human prostate: Up-regulation of EG-VEGF/prokineticin 1 with malignancy. (PubMed id 16763065)^{1, 9} Pasquali D....Sinisi A.A. (2006)
12. PROKR2 missense mutations associated with Kallmann syndrome impair receptor signalling activity. (PubMed id 18826963)^{1, 9} Monnier C....Rondard P. (2009)
13. Loss-of-function mutations in the genes encoding prokineticin-2 or prokineticin receptor-2 cause autosomal recessive Kallmann syndrome. (PubMed id 18682503)^{1, 9} Abreu A.P....Latronico A.C. (2008)
14. PROKR2 and PROK2 mutations cause isolated congenital a nosmia without gonadotropic deficiency. (PubMed id 23082007)¹ Moya-Plana A....de Roux N. (2013)
15. Genetic overlap in Kallmann syndrome, combined pituita ry hormone deficiency, and septo-optic dysplasia. (PubMed id 22319038)¹ Raivio T....Pitteloud N. (2012)
16. PROKR2 variants in multiple hypopituitarism with pitui tary stalk interruption. (PubMed id 22466334)¹ Reynaud R....Brue T. (2012)
17. Revisiting the role of hCG: new regulation of the angi ogenic factor EG-VEGF and its receptors. (PubMed id 22138749)¹ Brouillet S....Alfaidy N. (2012)
18. Evidence of the importance of the first intracellular loop of prokineticin receptor 2 in receptor function. (PubMed id 22745195)¹ Abreu A.P....Kaiser U.B. (2012)
19. Disease-causing mutation in PKR2 receptor reveals a c ritical role of positive charges in the second intracellular loop for G-protein coupling and receptor trafficking. (PubMed id 21454486)¹ Peng Z....Li J.D. (2011)
20. Chlamydia trachomatis infection increases fallopian t ube PROKR2 via TLR2 and NFI_B activation resulting in a microenvironment predisp osed to ectopic pregnancy. (PubMed id 21224062)¹ Shaw J.L....Horne A.W. (2011)
21. Modeling of human prokineticin receptors: interactions with novel small-molecule binders and potential off-target drugs. (PubMed id 22132188)¹ Levit A....Niv M.Y. (2011)
22. Expression of PROKR1 and PROKR2 in human enteric neur al precursor cells and identification of sequence variants suggest a role in HS CR. (PubMed id 21858136)¹ Ruiz-Ferrer M....Borrego S. (2011)
23. A large-scale candidate gene association study of age at menarche and age at natural menopause. (PubMed id 20734064)¹ He C....Hunter D.J. (2010)
24. Personalized smoking cessation: interactions between nicotine dose, dependence and quit-success genotype score. (PubMed id 20379614)¹ Rose J.E....Uhl G.R. (2010)
25. Polymorphisms of endocrine gland-derived vascular end othelial growth factor gene and its receptor genes are associated with recurren t pregnancy loss. (PubMed id 20847187)¹ Su M.T....Kuo P.L. (2010)
26. Kallmann syndrome caused by mutations in the PROK2 an d PROKR2 genes: pathophysiology and genotype-phenotype correlations. (PubMed id 20389090)¹ Sarfati J....Young J. (2010)
27. A comparative phenotypic study of kallmann syndrome p atients carrying monoallelic and biallelic mutations in the prokineticin 2 or p rokineticin receptor 2 genes. (PubMed id 20022991)¹ Sarfati J....Young J. (2010)
28. PROKR2 is associated with methamphetamine dependence in the Japanese population. (PubMed id 20576534)¹ Kishi T....Iwata N. (2010)
29. Stable association between G alpha(q) and phospholipase C beta 1 in living cells. (PubMed id 16754659)¹ Dowal L....Scarlata S. (2006)
30. Expression and regulation of the prokineticins (endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor and Bv8) and their receptors in the human endometrium across the menstrual cycle. (PubMed id 15126578)¹ Battersby S....Jabbour H.N. (2004)
31. Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. (PubMed id 12477932)¹ Strausberg R.L....Marra M.A. (2002)
32. Kallmann Syndrome (PubMed id 20301509)¹ Pallais J.C....Crowley W.F. (1993)
33. Homozygous mutation in the prokineticin-receptor2 gene (Val274Asp) presenting as reversible Kallmann syndrome and persistent oligozoospermia: case report. (PubMed id 18596028)⁹ Sinisi A.A....Iolascon A. (2008)
34. Olfactory bulb hypoplasia in Prokr2 null mice stems from defective neuronal progenitor migration and differentiation. (PubMed id 18052978)⁹ Prosser H.M....Caldwell M.A. (2007)
35. The complex genetics of Kallmann syndrome: KAL1, FGFR1, FGF8, PROKR2, PROK2, et al. (PubMed id 18987492)⁹ Hardelin J.P. and Dode C. (2008)
36. Placental expression of EG-VEGF and its receptors PKR1 (prokineticin receptor-1) and PKR2 throughout mouse gestation. (PubMed id 17531315)⁹ Hoffmann P....Alfaidy N. (2007)
37. Abnormal development of the olfactory bulb and reproductive system in mice lacking prokineticin receptor PKR2. (PubMed id 16537498)⁹ Matsumoto S....Shigeyoshi Y. (2006)
38. Pancreatic islet and stellate cells are the main sources of endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor/prokineticin-1 in pancreatic cancer. (PubMed id 19077468)⁹ Jiang X....Kleeff J. (2009)
39. Prokineticins (endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor and BV8) in the bovine ovary: expression and role as mitogens and survival factors for corpus luteum-derived endothelial cells. (PubMed id 15932929)⁹ Kisliouk T....Meidan R. (2005)
40. Diversity in fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 regulation: learning from the investigation of Kallmann syndrome. (PubMed id 18034870)⁹ Kim S.H....Bouloux P. (2008)
41. Expression and oxygen regulation of endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor/prokineticin-1 and its receptors in human placenta during early pregnancy. (PubMed id 16384869)⁹ Hoffmann P....Alfaidy N. (2006)
42. Sensitization of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 by the prokineticin receptor agonist Bv8. (PubMed id 16687502)⁹ Vellani V....McNaughton P.A. (2006)
43. Presence and regulation of endocrine gland vascular endothelial growth factor/prokineticin-1 and its receptors in ovarian cells. (PubMed id 12915658)⁹ Kisliouk T....Meidan R. (2003)
44. Clinical genetics of Kallmann syndrome. (PubMed id 20362962)⁹ DodAc C. and Hardelin J.P. (2010)
45. A case of Kallmann syndrome carrying a missense mutat ion in alternatively spliced exon 8A encoding the immunoglobulin-like domain II Ib of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1. (PubMed id 20139426)⁹ Miura K....Masuzaki H. (2010)
46. Kallmann syndrome. (PubMed id 18985070)⁹ DodAc C. and Hardelin J.P. (2009)
47. Biallelic mutations in the prokineticin-2 gene in two sporadic cases of Kallmann syndrome. (PubMed id 18285834)⁹ Leroy C....Dode C. (2008)
48. Cytokine properties of prokineticins. (PubMed id 18647349)⁹ Monnier J. and Samson M. (2008)
49. Prokineticin-signaling pathway. (PubMed id 18440852)⁹ Ngan E.S. and Tam P.K. (2008)
50. Bv8/Prokineticin proteins and their receptors. (PubMed id 17881008)⁹ Negri L....Melchiorri P. (2007)

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