Set Analyses:
Advanced Search

Advanced Search

 
Search By
Section (entire)
for


 
or upload a file of gene symbols


Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

PRODH Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 67
GCID: GC22M018900

proline dehydrogenase (oxidase) 1

(Previous name: proline dehydrogenase (proline oxidase ) )
 Explore 22 diseases affiliated with
PRODH via our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for PRODH
    

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Proline Dehydrogenase (Oxidase) 11 2     Proline Dehydrogenase (Proline Oxidase )1
PIG61 2 3     POX2
PRODH21 2 5     Proline Dehydrogenase 1, Mitochondrial2
HSPOX21 2     Proline Oxidase, Mitochondrial2
PRODH11 2     Tumor Protein P53 Inducible Protein 62
TP53I61 2     POX23
Proline Oxidase 22 3     Proline Oxidase3
P53-Induced Gene 6 Protein2 3     SCZD45
EC 1.5.99.83 8     

External Ids:    HGNC: 94531   Entrez Gene: 56252   Ensembl: ENSG000001000337   OMIM: 6068105   UniProtKB: O432723   

Export aliases for PRODH gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC22M015840 GC22M017274 GC22M002522


(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for PRODH:
This gene encodes a mitochondrial protein that catalyzes the first step in proline degradation. Mutations in this gene
are associated with hyperprolinemia type 1 and susceptibility to schizophrenia 4 (SCZD4). This gene is located on
chromosome 22q11.21, a region which has also been associated with the contiguous gene deletion syndromes, DiGeorge and
CATCH22. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
(provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PROD_HUMAN, O43272
Function: Converts proline to delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

Gene Wiki entry for PRODH (Proline oxidase)


(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000022.10  NC_018933.1  NT_011519.10  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the PRODH gene promoter:
         COUP-TF1   RFX1   COUP   HNF-4alpha2   HNF-4alpha1   CREB   COUP-TF   deltaCREB   SEF-1 (1)   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 3): PRODH promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for PRODH

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat PRODH


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 22q11.21   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  22q11.21   HGNC cytogenetic band: 22q11.2

PRODH Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
PRODH gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 22         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC22M018900:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
18,900,294 bp from pter      End:
18,924,066 bp from pter
Size:
23,773 bases      Orientation:
minus strand

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PROD_HUMAN, O43272 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Proline dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial precursor  
Size: 600 amino acids; 68002 Da
Cofactor: FAD
Subcellular location: Mitochondrion matrix
Sequence caution: Sequence=AAC39529.1; Type=Frameshift; Positions=540, 563, 568, 577, 580, 582; Sequence=AAH68260.1;
Type=Frameshift; Positions=123; Sequence=AAH94736.1; Type=Frameshift; Positions=40; Sequence=AAH94736.1;
Type=Miscellaneous discrepancy; Note=Artifact. Missing internal sequence that doesn't correspond to an exon-intron
boundary; Sequence=BAD92709.1; Type=Miscellaneous discrepancy; Note=Intron retention. Includes intronic sequence at
the 5' end;
Secondary accessions: A6NF53 O14680 Q0P507 Q147W8 Q504W1 Q59FI8 Q6NV86 Q9UF13
Alternative splicing: 3 isoforms:  O43272-4   O43272-2   O43272-1   

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for PRODH: NX_O43272

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_O43272

  • 4 DME Specific Peptides for PRODH (O43272)
     MVASHNE  KLVRGAY  GHFVAGE  FGQLLGMCD 

    PRODH Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_001182155.1  NP_057419.4  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000410805   ENSP00000334726   ENSP00000349577   ENSP00000409742   ENSP00000396806  
     ENSP00000413941  
    Reactome Protein details: O43272
    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
    Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
    Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
    Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
    Browse OriGene full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells
    OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: PRODH
    OriGene Custom Protein Services for PRODH 
    GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for PRODH
    Novus Biologicals PRODH Protein
    Novus Biologicals PRODH Lysate
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
    Uscn Proteins for PRODH

    Gene Ontology (GO): 3 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005739mitochondrion ----
    GO:0005743mitochondrial inner membrane TAS--
    GO:0005759mitochondrial matrix IEA--


    PRODH for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    PRODH Antibody Products: 
    Browse EMD Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
    Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
    OriGene Antibodies: PRODH
    OriGene Custom Antibody Services for PRODH 
    GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for PRODH
    Novus Biologicals PRODH Antibodies
    Abcam antibodies for PRODH 
    Uscn Antibodies for PRODH
    Search ThermoFisher Antibodies for PRODH

    Assay Products for PRODH: 
    Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development
    Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
    Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
    GenScript Custom Assay Services for PRODH
    Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for PRODH


    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    PRODH for domains           About GeneDecksing

    2 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR015659 Proline_oxidase
     IPR002872 Proline_DH

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry O43272

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: O43272

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB002872 Proline dehydrogenase

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PROD_HUMAN, O43272
    Similarity: Belongs to the proline oxidase family


    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PROD_HUMAN, O43272
    Function: Converts proline to delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate
    Catalytic activity: L-proline + acceptor = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + reduced acceptor
    Induction: During p53/TP53-induced apoptosis

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for PRODH:
    proline dehydrogenase,Drosophila sluggish-A homolog,predominantly expressed in lung,skeletal
    muscle,brain,heart,kidney,proline metabolic pathway,mitochondrial matrix,involved putatively in any psychiatric
    disorders

    Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 1.5.99.81 2

    miRNA
    Products:
        
    miRTarBase miRNAs that target PRODH:
    hsa-mir-23b (MIRT004581)

    OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: PRODH
    Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PRODH
    1 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNA that regulate PRODH:
    hsa-miR-4257
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmidPRODH 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:
        
    Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PRODH (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: PRODH
    OriGene siRNA: PRODH
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PRODH

    Gene Editing
    Products:
    DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for PRODH

    Clone
    Products:
         
    Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PRODH (see all 4)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PRODH
    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): PRODH (NM_001195226)
    Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for PRODH
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PRODH 

    Cell Line
    Products:
         
    GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for PRODH
    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for PRODH

    In Situ Assay
    Products:
       

     
    Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PRODH

    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0004657proline dehydrogenase activity IDA15662599
    GO:0071949FAD binding IDA15662599


    PRODH for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    Animal Models:
         4 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 1 allele(MGI details for Prodh):
     behavior/neurological  growth/size  homeostasis/metabolism  nervous system 

    PRODH for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways  About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Metabolism
    Metabolism1.00
    Metabolic pathways0.38
    2Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives
    Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives1.00
    3Arginine and proline metabolism
    Arginine and proline metabolism1.00
    4proline degradation
    Proline catabolism0.50

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways


    3        Reactome Pathways for PRODH
        Proline catabolism
    Metabolism
    Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives


    2         Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for PRODH):
        Arginine and proline metabolism
    Metabolic pathways

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PROD_HUMAN, O43272
    Pathway: Amino-acid degradation; L-proline degradation into L-glutamate; L-glutamate from L-proline: step 1/2


    PRODH for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for PRODH

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 8)

    5/21 Interacting proteins for PRODH (O432723 ENSP000003495774) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 21)

    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    CACTINQ8WUQ73I2D: score=4 
    DENND6BQ8NEG73I2D: score=4 
    EEF1B2P245343I2D: score=4 
    EIF5AP632413I2D: score=4 
    TRAM1Q156293I2D: score=4 
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/8 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 8):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006537glutamate biosynthetic process IEA--
    GO:0006560proline metabolic process TAS9385373
    GO:0006562proline catabolic process TAS--
    GO:0008631intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress NAS9305847
    GO:0010133proline catabolic process to glutamate IEA--


    PRODH for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    PRODH for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for PRODH

    9 HMDB Compounds for PRODH    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (see all 16)2906-39-0--
    4-Hydroxy-L-glutamic acid4-hydroxy-L-glutamate (see all 7)2485-33-8--
    4-Hydroxy-L-prolineL-4-hydroxy-proline (see all 11)30724-02-8--
    FAD1H-Purin-6-amine flavin dinucleotide (see all 21)146-14-5--
    L-4-Hydroxyglutamate semialdehyde ----
    L-Proline(-)-(S)-Proline (see all 16)147-85-3--
    NAD3-Carbamoyl-1-D-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate (see all 28)53-84-9--
    NADH1,4-Dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (see all 17)58-68-4--
    WaterDihydrogen oxide (see all 2)7732-18-5--

    1 DrugBank Compound for PRODH    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #TypeActionsPubMed Ids
    L-Proline(-)-2-Pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid (see all 6)147-85-3target--17536821 17344208 16511143
    enzymesubstrate17536821 17344208 16511143 20415579 18401543

    6 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for PRODH gene    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    delta(1)pyrroline-5-carboxylate 93.7 17 18806117 (1), 8473341 (1), 19140736 (1), 20403182 (1) (see all 9)
    proline 87.2 139 16094254 (6), 20403182 (5), 17135275 (3), 18197084 (3) (see all 44)
    hydroxyproline 48 2 19140736 (1)
    abscisic acid 37.4 3 17318317 (1)
    glutamate 37 3 20403182 (1), 9847097 (1), 17344208 (1)
    tyrosine 5.2 2 19140736 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about PRODH / PROD 

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section

    REFSEQ mRNAs for PRODH gene (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_001195226.1  NM_016335.4  

    Unigene Cluster for PRODH:

    Proline dehydrogenase (oxidase) 1
    Hs.517352  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: AB209472
    13 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000491604 ENST00000420436(uc002zoj.4) ENST00000313755 ENST00000429300
    ENST00000482858 ENST00000334029 ENST00000357068(uc002zok.4 uc002zol.4)
    ENST00000446371 ENST00000438924 ENST00000399694 ENST00000450579 ENST00000457083
    ENST00000496625

    miRNA
    Products:
         
    OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: PRODH
    Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PRODH
    1 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNA that regulate PRODH:
    hsa-miR-4257
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmidPRODH 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:
         
    Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PRODH (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: PRODH
    OriGene siRNA: PRODH
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PRODH
    Clone
    Products:
         
    OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PRODH (see all 4)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PRODH
    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): PRODH (NM_001195226)
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for PRODH
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PRODH 
    Primer
    Products:
        
    OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for PRODH
    Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
    SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat PRODH
      QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat PRODH
      QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat PRODH

    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AB209472.1 AK001359.1 AK091063.1 BC036534.1 BC068260.1 BC094736.1 BC118597.1 BC121809.1 
    U79754.1 

    13 DOTS entries:

    DT.100786983  DT.40304057  DT.120674956  DT.100024640  DT.97808873  DT.95365020  DT.92423385  DT.97842554 
    DT.92423380  DT.97842556  DT.120674953  DT.91804652  DT.97842555 

    24/97 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 97):

    BU730461 AW449360 H55548 CB216963 NM_016335 AW196957 T16831 CB153617 
    BM855026 BM726222 AI650486 AI566145 BV197306 BV196185 BU732414 BM709266 
    U79754 BI602093 BM929704 AK001359 CD671570 BC036534 BM996569 BM926123 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5/8 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PRODH (see all 8)    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1 ^ 2a · 2b ^ 3a · 3b ^ 4 ^ 5a · 5b ^ 6a · 6b · 6c ^ 7a · 7b ^ 8a · 8b · 8c ^ 9 ^ 10 ^ 11 ^ 12 ^ 13 ^ 14 ^ 15
    SP1:                                                  -     -                                   -                                             
    SP2:                    -                 -           -     -                                                                                 
    SP3:                                      -           -     -                                                                                 
    SP4:        -     -                       -           -     -                                                                                 
    SP5:                                                                                                                                          


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for PRODH

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    PRODH expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: TCCTTGGACC

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)

    About this image
    See PRODH Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for PRODH

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.517352

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PROD_HUMAN, O43272
    Tissue specificity: Expressed in lung, skeletal muscle and brain, to a lesser extent in heart and kidney, and weakly in
    liver, placenta and pancreas

        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including PRODH: 
              GABA & Glutamate in human mouse rat
              Amino Acid Metabolism I in human mouse rat
              Apoptosis 384HT in human mouse rat

    Primer
    Products:
    OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for PRODH
    Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
    SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat PRODH
    QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat PRODH
    QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat PRODH
    In Situ
    Assay Products:
     

     
    Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PRODH

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section

    This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

    Orthologs for PRODH gene from 7/25 species (see all 25)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification
    Gene Description Human
    Similarity
    Orthology
    Type
    Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)
    Aves PRODH1 proline dehydrogenase (oxidase) 1 77.32(n)
    74.94(a)
      770734  XM_001234061.2  XP_001234062.2 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)
    Reptilia PRODH6
    --
    68(a)
    1 ↔ 1
    GL343417.1(748891-757810)
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)
    Actinopterygii Dr.124602 Transcribed sequence with moderate similarity to protein more 77.83(n)    BG303940.1 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)
    Insecta slgA1 , 3 glutamine biosynthesis proline dehydrogenase3
    sluggish A1
    47(a)3
    56.11(n)1
    49.23(a)1
      331171  NM_206805.21  NP_996528.11 
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)
    Secernentea B0513.53
    CELE_B0513.51
    Protein B0513.51 45(a)3
    51.43(n)1
    47.39(a)1
      IV(13868957-13874501)3
    1783501  NM_070268.31  NP_502669.21 
    thale cress
    (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    eudicotyledons ATPOX6
    AT5G387106
    proline dehydrogenase 2
    28(a)
    27(a)
    many ↔ many
    many ↔ many
    3(12448636-12451248)
    5(15501245-15504109)
    rice
    (Oryza sativa)
    Liliopsida --
    proline oxidase, mitochondrial precursor, putative...
    28(a)
    1 → many
    10(21546430-21549067)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PRODH (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for PRODH (if available) 

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for PRODH gene
    PRODH22  
    1 SIMAP similar gene for PRODH using alignment to 5 protein entries:     PROD_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    PRODH2

    PRODH for paralogs           About GeneDecksing


    2 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for PRODH
    PGOHUM00000246409 PGOHUM00000237890


    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/655 NCBI SNPs in PRODH are shown (see all 655    About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance
    Chr 22 posSequence#AA
    Chg
    TypeMore#Allele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ----------
    rs28709841,2
    C,F,pathogenic18905859(+) CGTACG/ATGGGG 4 /T /M mis1 ese32Minor allele frequency- A:0.00NA EU 5789
    rs18074671,2
    C,Fpathogenic18905893(-) GTGCGG/TCAGAG 4 A S mis1 ese33Minor allele frequency- T:0.00NA EU 5755
    rs39705591,2
    C,F,A,,pathogenic18905899(+) CGCACG/AGGCTC 4 /R /C mis1 ese32Minor allele frequency- A:0.01NA EU 5689
    rs29045511,2
    C,F,,pathogenic18905934(+) GCACCA/C/G/
            
    GCTTG
    8 Q P R L mis1 ese33NA EU 5519
    rs29045521,2
    C,F,,pathogenic18905964(+) CACGGC/TGAGCC 4 H R mis1 ese36Minor allele frequency- T:0.07NA EU 5379
    rs1378529341,2
    C,Fpathogenic18909902(-) CAAAGT/ATGGGC 4 /M /L mis12Minor allele frequency- A:0.00NA EU 5847
    rs1119925131,2
    C,--2548316(+) TTTTTG/ATGGAG 2 -- us2k12Minor allele frequency- A:0.08WA 120
    rs288118921,2
    C,F,H,--2548317(+) TTTTGT/CGGAGA 2 -- us2k16Minor allele frequency- C:0.02NS 996
    rs3733931,2
    C,F,O--18899895(+) GCCCGG/AAGTGC 3 -- ds50016Minor allele frequency- A:0.04EA NA 320
    rs1393244201,2
    --18899965(+) TGCAGA/GTCACT 3 -- ds50010--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for PRODH (18900294 - 18924066 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 25 variations for PRODH
         15/25 CNVs (see all 25): 3237 50803 34524 30148 34485 50800 73703 4116 34650 37722 53199 31070 73702 50802 34618
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): PRODH

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing PRODH
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for PRODH

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    PRODH for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 606810   
    OMIM disorders: 239500  600850  
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PROD_HUMAN, O43272
  • Defects in PRODH are the cause of hyperprolinemia type 1 (HP-1) [MIM:239500]. HP-1 is a disorder characterized
  • by elevated serum proline levels. May be involved in the psychiatric and behavioral phenotypes associated with the
    22q11 velocardiofacial and DiGeorge syndrome
  • Defects in PRODH are associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia type 4 (SCZD4) [MIM:600850]. A complex,
  • multifactorial psychotic disorder or group of disorders characterized by disturbances in the form and content of
    thought (e.g. delusions, hallucinations), in mood (e.g. inappropriate affect), in sense of self and relationship to
    the external world (e.g. loss of ego boundaries, withdrawal), and in behavior (e.g bizarre or apparently purposeless
    behavior). Although it affects emotions, it is distinguished from mood disorders in which such disturbances are
    primary. Similarly, there may be mild impairment of cognitive function, and it is distinguished from the dementias in
    which disturbed cognitive function is considered primary. Some patients manifest schizophrenic as well as bipolar
    disorder symptoms and are often given the diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder

    20/22 diseases for PRODH (see all 22):    About MalaCards
    hyperprolinemia    contagious pustular dermatitis    schizophrenia    childhood-onset schizophrenia
    schizoaffective disorder    bipolar affective disorder    velocardiofacial syndrome    digeorge syndrome
    primary hyperoxaluria    schizophrenia 4    monkeypox    bipolar disorder
    psychotic disorder    smallpox    dermatitis    vaccinia
    renal carcinoma    dementia    colorectal cancer    lung cancer

    7 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for PRODH:
    Velocardiofacial syndrome     Schizophrenia     Primary hyperoxaluria     DiGeorge syndrome
    Smallpox     Schizoaffective disorder     Monkeypox

    8 Novoseek disease relationships for PRODH gene    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    hyperprolinemia, type i 97.2 5 12217952 (1), 17135275 (1), 18197084 (1)
    hyperprolinemia 96.1 13 12217952 (3), 15494707 (3), 17135275 (1), 16389584 (1)
    velocardiofacial syndrome 74.8 1 17412540 (1)
    digeorge syndrome 74.7 3 19420922 (1), 15494707 (1)
    schizophrenia 66.1 44 15274030 (5), 14618678 (5), 17504246 (5), 16094254 (4) (see all 14)
    schizoaffective disorder 62.9 4 17504246 (1), 16389584 (1), 15494707 (1)
    bipolar disorder 47.6 11 16094254 (4), 14618678 (2), 16389584 (1), 15494707 (1)
    psychotic 12.9 2 14618678 (1), 15494707 (1)

    Genetic Association Database (GAD): PRODH
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: PRODH (20 documents)

    Export disorders for PRODH gene to outside databases

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for PRODH gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 100):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with PRODH)
        Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. PRODH mutations and hyperprolinemia in a subset of schizophrenic patients. (PubMed id 12217952)1, 2, 4, 9 Jacquet H.... Frebourg T. (2002)
    2. The gene encoding proline dehydrogenase modulates sensorimotor gating in mice. (PubMed id 10192398)1, 2, 3, 9 Gogos J.A.... Karayiorgou M. (1999)
    3. Genetic variation at the 22q11 PRODH2/DGCR6 locus presents an unusual pattern and increases susceptibility to schizophrenia. (PubMed id 11891283)1, 2, 4, 9 Liu H....Karayiorgou M. (2002)
    4. A human homologue of the Drosophila melanogaster sluggish-A (proline oxidase) gene maps to 22q11.2, and is a candidate gene for type-I hyperprolinaemia. (PubMed id 9385373)1, 2, 3 Campbell H.D.... Young I.G. (1997)
    5. No evidence for an association between variants at the proline dehydrogenase locus and schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder. (PubMed id 16094254)1, 4, 9 Abou Jamra R....Cichon S. (2005)
    6. Detailed analysis of PRODH and PsPRODH reveals no association with schizophrenia. (PubMed id 12815738)1, 4, 9 Williams H.J....O'Donovan M.C. (2003)
    7. Involvement of hyperprolinemia in cognitive and psychiatric features of the 22q11 deletion syndrome. (PubMed id 17135275)1, 2, 9 Raux G....Campion D. (2007)
    8. Functional consequences of PRODH missense mutations. (PubMed id 15662599)1, 2 Bender H.-U.... Valle D. (2005)
    9. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    10. A model for p53-induced apoptosis. (PubMed id 9305847)1, 2 Polyak K....Vogelstein B. (1997)

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  

      Query String
    PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 5625 HGNC: 9453 AceView: PRODH Ensembl:ENSG00000100033 euGenes: HUgn5625
    ECgene: PRODH Kegg: 5625 H-InvDB: PRODH

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
      --

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for PRODH Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for PRODH Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
    GeneReviewshttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/GeneTests/lab/gene/PRODH

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    Patent Information for PRODH gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving PRODH

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



    (Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences),
    In Situ Hybridization Assays from
    Advanced Cell Diagnostics
    About This Section

     
     EMD Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
     EMD Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
     EMD Millipore Immunoassay Services
     EMD Millipore Target Screening & Profiling Services

      
     Browse Antibodies   Browse Cell Culture Products  
     Browse ELISAs   Browse Flow Cytometry Kits  
     Browse Primer Pairs   Browse Kinase Activity Assays/Reagents  
     Browse ELISpot Kits/Development Modules   Browse TFB/Immunoprecipitation Assays  
     Browse Apoptosis Detection Kits/Reagents   Browse Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway (UPP) Assay Kits/Reagents  
     Browse DNA Damage/Repair Kits/Reagents   Browse Multiplex/Array Assay Kits/Reagents  
     Browse Cell Selection/Detection Kits/Reagents   Browse Secondary Antibodies/Controls/Staining Reagents  
     Browse Phosphatase Activity Assays/Reagents   Browse Recombinant/Natural Proteins  
     OriGene Antibodies for PRODH   OriGene shRNA RFP for PRODH  
     OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PRODH   OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for PRODH  
     OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate for PRODH   Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits  
     OriGene siRNA for PRODH   OriGene 3'-UTR Clone for PRODH  
     OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PRODH   OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PRODH  
     Browse OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector   Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids  
     Browse OriGene basic RS shRNAs   Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs  
     Browse OriGene full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells   OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling  
     OriGene Custom Antibody Services for PRODH   OriGene Custom Protein Services for PRODH  
     OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development  

     
     
     QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of in human, mouse, rat PRODH
     QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing PRODH
     QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat PRODH
     QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PRODH
     QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat PRODH
     QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat PRODH
     GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for PRODH GenScript cDNA clones with any tag delivered in your preferred vector for PRODH
     GenScript Custom Assay Services for PRODH GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for PRODH
     GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for PRODH CloneReady with Over 120,000 Genes
     Gene Synthesis: Any Gene in Any Vector Vector-based siRNA and miRNA, Ready for Transfection
     Gene Mutant Library, Variants up to 10^11 Plasmid Preparation
     Custom Peptide Services
     Search for Antibodies & Assays

     Regulatory tfbs in PRODH promoter
     Search Chromatin IP Primers for PRODH
     RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat PRODH
     GNC Network for PRODH
     SABiosciences PCR Arrays including human, mouse, rat PRODH
     Search Tocris compounds for PRODH
     Browse Sino Biological Proteins and Antibodies
     Browse Sino Biological cDNA Clones
     Antibodies/Proteins Production Services
     Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody Platform
     Bulk Purchasing
     Search www.enzolifesciences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies
     Novus Tissue Slides
     PRODH antibodies
     PRODH proteins
     PRODH lysates
     Antibodies for PRODH
     See all of Abcam's Antibodies, Kits and Proteins for PRODH
     Custom Antibody / Protein Production Service
     Bulk Purchasing
     Advantages of Rabbit Monoclonal antibodies
     Abcam protocols and scientific support
     Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins




     PRODH Proteins, Antibodies, CLIAs, and ELISAs
     Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for PRODH
     Gene Synthesis
     Protein Engineering
     Variant Library Synthesis
     Codon Optimization
     Protein Production and Purification
     Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PRODH
     SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids for PRODH
     SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids for PRODH
     Search ThermoFisher Antibodies for PRODH
     Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PRODH
           
    GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 19 Mar 2013 - Incrementals: 21 Mar 2013 , 15 Apr 2013 , 26 Apr 2013

    View Random Gene

    Category
    VWF
    (GIFTS: 73)
    von Willebrand factor
    GIFtS Group
    The GeneCards human gene database gene index: 1 3 5 6 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 


    Developed at the Crown Human Genome Center, Department of Molecular Genetics, the Weizmann Institute of Science

    Hot genes      Disease genes      PRODH gene at Home site.
    hostname: 356977-web1.xennexinc.com index build: 100 solr: 1.4