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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

PRLR Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 69
GCID: GC05M035084

prolactin receptor

Explore 47 diseases affiliated with
PRLR via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Prolactin Receptor¹ ²
PRL-R² ³
HPRLrI¹
HPRL Receptor²
Secreted Prolactin Binding Protein²

External Ids:	HGNC: 9446¹	Entrez Gene: 5618²	Ensembl: ENSG00000113494⁷	OMIM: 176761⁵	UniProtKB: P16471³

Export aliases for PRLR gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC05M035082 GC05M036075 GC05M035094

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for PRLR:

This gene encodes a receptor for the anterior pituitary hormone, prolactin, and belongs to the type I cytokine receptor

family. Prolactin-dependent signaling occurs as the result of ligand-induced dimerization of the prolactin receptor.

Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different membrane-bound and soluble isoforms have been

described for this gene, which may function to modulate the endocrine and autocrine effects of prolactin in normal

tissue and cancer. (provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PRLR_HUMAN, P16471

Function: This is a receptor for the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL). Isoform 4 is unable to transduce

prolactin signaling. Isoform 6 is unable to transduce prolactin signaling

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000005.9 NC_018916.1 NT_006576.16

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the PRLR gene promoter:
COUP-TF1 GR COUP HNF-4alpha2 IRF-1 HNF-4alpha1 CREB COUP-TF deltaCREB GR-alpha
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: PRLR promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for PRLR

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat PRLR

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 5p13.2 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 5p13.2 HGNC cytogenetic band: 5p14-p13

PRLR Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
PRLR gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 5 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC05M035084: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	35,048,861 bp from pter	End:	35,230,794 bp from pter
Size:	181,934 bases	Orientation:	minus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PRLR_HUMAN, P16471 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Prolactin receptor precursor

Size: 622 amino acids; 69506 Da

Subunit: Homodimer upon hormone binding. Interacts with SMARCA1. Interacts with GH1. Interacts with CSH. Interacts with

NEK3 and VAV2 and this interaction is prolactin-dependent

Subcellular location: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein

Subcellular location: Isoform 7: Secreted

6/10 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for PRLR (see all 10):

1BP3 (3D)

2LFG (3D)

3D48 (3D)

3MZG (3D)

3N06 (3D)

3N0P (3D)

Secondary accessions: B2R882 Q16354 Q8TD75 Q8TD78 Q96P35 Q96P36 Q9BX87 Q9UHJ5

Alternative splicing: 8 isoforms: P16471-1 P16471-2 P16471-3 P16471-4 P16471-5 P16471-6 P16471-7 P16471-8

(SF1b with deletion of exon 4. May be produced at very low levels due to a premature stop codon in the mRNA, leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for PRLR: NX_P16471

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P16471

PRLR Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (6 alternative transcripts):

NP_000940.1 NP_001191243.1 NP_001191244.1 NP_001191245.1 NP_001191246.1 NP_001191247.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000231423 ENSP00000424841 ENSP00000422935 ENSP00000311613 ENSP00000425300

ENSP00000371432 ENSP00000427236 ENSP00000422556 ENSP00000309008 ENSP00000423493

ENSP00000427060 ENSP00000422385 ENSP00000422867 ENSP00000421864 ENSP00000441813

ENSP00000380546 ENSP00000339213

Reactome Protein details: P16471
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

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	R&D Systems Recombinant & Natural Proteins for PRLR (Prolactin R)
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	Novus Biologicals PRLR Proteins Novus Biologicals PRLR Lysates
	Sino Biological Recombinant Protein for PRLR
	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for PRLR
	Uscn Proteins for PRLR

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/6 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 6): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005576	extracellular region	IEA	--
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	TAS	--
GO:0009986	cell surface	IDA	10585417
GO:0016020	membrane	--	--
GO:0016021	integral to membrane	IEA	--

PRLR for ontologies About GeneDecksing

PRLR Antibody Products:

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	Uscn Antibodies for PRLR
	ThermoFisher Antibody for PRLR

Assay Products for PRLR:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	R&D Systems ELISAs for PRLR (Prolactin R)
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for PRLR
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for PRLR

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

PRLR for domains About GeneDecksing

4 InterPro domains/families:

IPR003961 Fibronectin_type3

IPR013783 Ig-like_fold

IPR015152 Growth/epo_recpt_lig-bind

IPR003528 Long_hematopoietin_rcpt_CS

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P16471

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P16471

1 Blocks protein family: IPB003528 Long hematopoietin receptor

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PRLR_HUMAN, P16471

Domain: The WSXWS motif appears to be necessary for proper protein folding and thereby efficient intracellular

transport and cell-surface receptor binding

Domain: The box 1 motif is required for JAK interaction and/or activation

Similarity: Belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. Type 1 subfamily

Similarity: Contains 2 fibronectin type-III domains

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PRLR_HUMAN, P16471

Function: This is a receptor for the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL). Isoform 4 is unable to transduce

prolactin signaling. Isoform 6 is unable to transduce prolactin signaling

Genatlas biochemistry entry for PRLR:

prolactin receptor with two alternatively spliced isoforms,expressed in breast cancer,breast normal tissue,gonad and

liver

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: PRLR Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PRLR
		8/32 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PRLR (see all 32):
		hsa-miR-194* hsa-let-7a-2* hsa-miR-10b* hsa-miR-183* hsa-miR-181b hsa-miR-181a hsa-miR-551b* hsa-miR-182*

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PRLR 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PRLR (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: PRLR OriGene siRNA: PRLR
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PRLR

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for PRLR

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		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 6): PRLR (NM_000949)
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Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for PRLR
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for PRLR

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PRLR

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/6 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 6): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004896	cytokine receptor activity	--	--
GO:0004925	prolactin receptor activity	NAS	10585417
GO:0017046	peptide hormone binding	IPI	7984244
GO:0042803	protein homodimerization activity	NAS	10585417
GO:0042978	ornithine decarboxylase activator activity	NAS	10585417

PRLR for ontologies About GeneDecksing

1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for PRLR:

Synthetic lethal with Ras

Animal Models:
Mouse knock-out Prlr^tm1Cnp for PRLR
15 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 1 allele) (MGI details for Prlr):

adipose tissue	behavior/neurological	cellular	embryogenesis	endocrine/exocrine gland
growth/size	homeostasis/metabolism	integument	limbs/digits/tail	nervous system
reproductive system	skeleton	taste/olfaction	tumorigenesis	vision/eye

PRLR for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/17 super-pathways (see all 17) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

JAK2 phosphorylation

	JAK2 phosphorylation	1.00			PRLR is phosphorylated at Ser-349	0.86
	Tyrosine phosphorylation of PRLR	0.86			PRLR activation	0.86

FBXW7 WD mutants do not bind NICD1

	Prolactin receptor is internalized	0.25			Nuclear signaling by ERBB4	0.07
	Prolactin receptor signaling	0.18			Growth hormone receptor signaling	0.00

Development_Prolactin receptor signaling

	Development_Prolactin receptor signaling	1.00			Prolactin Signaling Pathway	0.39
	Development Prolactin receptor signaling	1.00

Development_Ligand-dependent activation of the ESR1/AP-1 pathway

Transcription Ligand-dependent activation of the ESR1/SP pathway

0.37

Transcription_Ligand-dependent activation of the ESR1/SP pathway

0.37

Cytokine Signaling in Immune system

Cytokine Signaling in Immune system

1.00

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

2 EMD Millipore Pathways for PRLR

	Development Prolactin receptor signaling
	Transcription Ligand-dependent activation of the ESR1/SP pathway

2 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for PRLR

	JAK-STAT Pathway
	Prolactin Signaling

2 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for PRLR

	Development Prolactin receptor signaling
	Transcription Ligand-dependent activation of the ESR1/SP pathway

5 BioSystems Pathways for PRLR

	Adipogenesis
	Prolactin Signaling Pathway
	Ovarian Infertility Genes
	ErbB4 signaling events
	Signaling events mediated by PTP1B

5/12 Reactome Pathways for PRLR (see all 12)

	PRLR activation
	Cytokine Signaling in Immune system
	JAK2 phosphorylation
	PRLR is phosphorylated at Ser-349
	Prolactin receptor signaling

3 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for PRLR):

	Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
	Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction
	Jak-STAT signaling pathway

PRLR for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for PRLR

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/45 Interacting proteins for PRLR (P16471^{2, 3} ENSP00000371432⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 45)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
YWHAG	P61981²^,³, ENSP00000306330⁴	MINT-16385 MINT-16386 I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000306330
YWHAZ	P63104²^,³, ENSP00000309503⁴	MINT-14772 MINT-14773 MINT-8006399 I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000309503
GH1	P01241³, ENSP00000312673⁴	I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000312673
NEK3	P51956³, ENSP00000383210⁴	I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000383210
PPIA	P62937³, ENSP00000419425⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000419425

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/16 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 16): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006694	steroid biosynthetic process	NAS	10585417
GO:0007166	cell surface receptor signaling pathway	NAS	10585417
GO:0007171	activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity	IDA	10585417
GO:0007259	JAK-STAT cascade	--	--
GO:0007566	embryo implantation	TAS	9009200

PRLR for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

PRLR for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for PRLR

2 DrugBank Compounds for PRLR About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
Somatropin recombinant	GH (see all 7)	12629-01-5	target	--	2270485 17395896 17317019 17279774
Fluoxymesterone	Androfluorene (see all 8)	76-43-7	target	antagonist	17139284 17016423

10/42 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for PRLR gene (see all 42) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
tyrosine	53.4	60	8188682 (3), 7537382 (3), 12819209 (2), 10887516 (2) (see all 27)
bromocriptine	51.1	8	9062514 (3), 9777197 (1), 18596217 (1)
progesterone	48	28	11668597 (2), 18551363 (2), 10701763 (2), 2223582 (2) (see all 17)
ribonucleic acid	45.2	10	9435452 (1), 10830440 (1), 8869066 (1), 9062514 (1) (see all 8)
estradiol	37.2	7	16651265 (2), 18551363 (2), 17267700 (1), 9467590 (1) (see all 5)
estrogen	35.3	28	15026085 (2), 19687284 (2), 18596217 (2), 9614645 (2) (see all 13)
2-arachidonoylglycerol	35.3	2	10614630 (1)
anandamide	27.8	9	10606728 (2), 9653194 (2), 10614630 (2)
phosphotyrosine	25	1	7537382 (1)
zinc	24.4	14	9383367 (3), 1793007 (1), 8641144 (1), 16890764 (1) (see all 9)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about PRLR

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for PRLR gene (6 alternative transcripts):

NM_000949.5 NM_001204314.1 NM_001204315.1 NM_001204316.1 NM_001204317.1 NM_001204318.1

Unigene Cluster for PRLR:

Prolactin receptor

Hs.368587 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_000949

18 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000231423(uc003jjg.2) ENST00000513753(uc003jjk.1 uc003jjh.2 uc003jji.2 uc003jjj.2)

ENST00000514088 ENST00000348262 ENST00000509140 ENST00000382002(uc003jjm.3 uc021xxl.1)

ENST00000508107 ENST00000511486 ENST00000310101 ENST00000509934 ENST00000514206

ENST00000509839 ENST00000503330 ENST00000504500 ENST00000515839 ENST00000542609(uc010iuw.1)

ENST00000397391 ENST00000342362(uc003jjl.4)

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: PRLR Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PRLR
		8/32 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PRLR (see all 32):
		hsa-miR-194* hsa-let-7a-2* hsa-miR-10b* hsa-miR-183* hsa-miR-181b hsa-miR-181a hsa-miR-551b* hsa-miR-182*

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PRLR 3' UTR sequence

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		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 6): PRLR (NM_000949)
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		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat PRLR

Additional cDNA sequence:

AF166329.1 AF349939.1 AF416618.1 AF416619.1 AF492470.1 AF493068.1 AF493069.1 AF512796.1

AK001889.1 AK023665.1 AK313270.1 AY062295.1 BC059392.1 BX538149.1 GU133399.1 M31661.1

NR_037910.1 S78505.1

15 DOTS entries:

DT.112959 DT.100776078 DT.95158945 DT.95158946 DT.101981235 DT.92418030 DT.120799728 DT.92418031

DT.95158944 DT.120799721 DT.75124380 DT.95281146 DT.97823214 DT.100044923 DT.92035122

24/188 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 188):

AL710204 AU139264 AF512796 CB164499 AI761382 N52409 AA846557 AI740824

BQ023302 AF416619 BP359447 AF349939 AF166329 AI079545 AA918706 AF493068

CB157723 S78505 N72815 BP359544 BC059392 AK023665 AY062295 BM930913

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/11 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PRLR (see all 11) About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	·	1c	^	2a	·	2b	^	3a	·	3b	·	3c	^	4a	·	4b	^	5	^	6a	·	6b	^	7	^	8	^	9	^	10	^	11a	·	11b	·	11c	^	12a	·	12b
SP1:									-
SP2:																																			-		-		-
SP3:
SP4:																																	-		-		-		-
SP5:																			-		-		-												-		-		-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for PRLR

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

PRLR expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: AAAATTGCTT

About this image

PRLR expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

9 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Brain

Choroid Plexus

Mature Choroid Plexus Cells

Choroid Plexus

Ovary

Spinal Ventral Columns

Ventral Spinal Cord Progenitor Cells

Motor Neurons

Adipose

Visceral White Adipose

Adipose

Brain

Brain

Neural Tube

Neural Tube

Spinal Ventral Columns

Spinal Cord

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

Stem Cell Differentiation: 1 LifeMap Cell

Name

Category

Mature follicles (In-vitro growth and ...)

See PRLR Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for PRLR

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.368587

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PRLR_HUMAN, P16471

Tissue specificity: Expressed in breast, placenta, kidney, liver and pancreas

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including PRLR (see all 6):

Interferons & Receptors in human mouse rat

Apoptosis 384HT in human mouse rat

Apoptosis in human mouse rat

T-cell & B-cell Activation in human mouse rat

JAK / STAT Signaling Pathway in human mouse rat

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		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat PRLR

In Situ
Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PRLR

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for PRLR gene from 4/12 species (see all 12) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	PRLR¹	prolactin receptor	62.44(n) 51.25(a)		395660 NM_204854.1 NP_990185.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	PRLR⁶	--	34(a)	1 ↔ 1	GL343241.1(1960398-1977874)
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	prlr-B²	prolactin receptor	74.92(n)		AF193801.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	prlra¹	prolactin receptor a	50.98(n) 41.37(a)		407651 NM_001128677.1 NP_001122149.1

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PRLR (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for PRLR (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
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Paralogs for PRLR gene

GHR²

PRLR for paralogs About GeneDecksing

1 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogene for PRLR
PGOHUM00000259974

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
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SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 5 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs79598877^1,2	F,	--	34997150(+)	`AGGACA/GTGGTT`	4	--	ds500¹		1		WA	118
rs59479497^1,2	F,	--	34997222(+)	`TGAAGT/CGAATG`	4	--	ds500¹		1		WA	118
rs13177669^1,2	C,F,H,	--	34997336(+)	`TTCTGG/CACAGC`	4	--	ds500¹		18		NS EA NA WA	2308
rs74506298^1,2	C,F,	--	34997369(+)	`AGGAAG/AGCAAA`	4	--	ds500¹		1		WA	118
rs73091109^1,2	C,	--	34997526(+)	`TAAAAC/TGTGTA`	4	--	ds500¹		1		WA	2
rs111457519^1,2		--	34998383(+)	`AAACTG/CAAGCC`	4	--	int¹		1		CSA	2
rs201666359^1,2	C	--	34998742(+)	`ACATTC/TTTTTT`	4	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs73091114^1,2	C,	--	34999909(+)	`AAGTCC/TTTTTG`	4	--	int¹		2		WA	120
rs16871039^1,2	C,F,H,	--	34999966(+)	`CTTACC/TGTGTT`	4	--	int¹		12		NA NS EA WA CSA	806
rs73091117^1,2	C,	--	35000165(+)	`TGTGGG/AGAAGA`	4	--	int¹		1		WA	2

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for PRLR (35048861 - 35230794 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 4 variations for PRLR
1 CNV: 44206
3 Indels: 40748 42114 12674
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): PRLR

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing PRLR

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for PRLR

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
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PRLR for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 176761    OMIM disorders: --

20/47 diseases for PRLR (see all 47):    About MalaCards

short stature lobular neoplasia premature ovarian failure lupus erythematosus

pituitary adenoma tongue cancer hyperprolactinemia cerebral meningioma

systemic lupus erythematosus breast fibroadenoma acromegaly rheumatoid arthritis

multiple sclerosis meningioma mood disorder insulinoma

familial breast cancer cblc adenoma hepatocellular carcinoma

1 disease from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for PRLR:

Breast cancer

10/31 Novoseek disease relationships for PRLR gene (see all 31) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
hyperprolactinemia	62.3	9	18095129 (4), 7490565 (2), 8181582 (1), 17024156 (1)
cerebral meningioma	60.1	1	8869066 (1)
breast cancer	58.5	115	18053149 (6), 19153125 (4), 16278670 (4), 7639855 (4) (see all 46)
breast carcinoma	34.2	8	7534043 (2), 9389544 (2), 10585417 (2), 12351696 (1) (see all 5)
breast diseases	32.6	5	9583737 (2), 10433247 (1), 20214633 (1)
tongue cancer	26.7	4	8181582 (3)
mammary tumor	25.6	7	10713692 (2), 9389738 (2), 1904282 (1), 16434456 (1)
acromegaly	21.4	2	7490565 (2)
prostate cancer	14.3	6	10614630 (2), 16989600 (1), 20053995 (1)
lymphoma	9.56	9	10221598 (2), 2394695 (1), 8226744 (1), 7584712 (1) (see all 8)

Genetic Association Database (GAD): PRLR
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: PRLR (18 documents)

Export disorders for PRLR gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
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PubMed articles for PRLR gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 383):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with PRLR)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Prolactin receptor antagonists that inhibit the growth of breast cancer cell lines. (PubMed id 7768908)^{1, 2, 9} Fuh G. and Wells J.A. (1995)
Functional characterization of the intermediate isoform of the human prolactin receptor. (PubMed id 10585417)^{1, 2, 9} Kline J.B.... Clevenger C.V. (1999)
Prolactin and prolactin receptor gene polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. (PubMed id 12559630)^{1, 4, 9} Mellai M....Momigliano-Richiardi P. (2003)
Could prolactin receptor gene polymorphism play a role in pathogenesis of breast carcinoma? (PubMed id 15119991)^{1, 4, 9} Canbay E....Bardakci F. (2004)
Alternative splicing to exon 11 of human prolactin receptor gene results in multiple isoforms including a secreted prolactin-binding protein. (PubMed id 12580759)^{1, 2, 9} Trott J.F.... Vonderhaar B.K. (2003)
Characterization of a novel and functional human prolactin receptor isoform (deltaS1PRLr) containing only one extracellular fibronectin- like domain. (PubMed id 12351696)^{1, 2, 9} Kline J.B.... Clevenger C.V. (2002)
The imitation switch protein SNF2L regulates steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression during terminal differentiation of ovarian granulosa cells. (PubMed id 16740656)^{1, 2} Lazzaro M.A....Picketts D.J. (2006)
Novel association of Vav2 and Nek3 modulates signaling through the human prolactin receptor. (PubMed id 15618286)^{1, 2} Miller S.L....Clevenger C.V. (2005)
Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)^{1, 2} Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 5618	HGNC: 9446	AceView: PRLR	Ensembl:ENSG00000113494	euGenes: HUgn5618
ECgene: PRLR	Kegg: 5618	H-InvDB: PRLR

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for PRLR	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for PRLR	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

Intellectual Property for PRLR gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for PRLR gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving PRLR

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

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