Aliases for PRL Gene
External Ids for PRL Gene
- HGNC: 9445
- Entrez Gene: 5617
- Ensembl: ENSG00000172179
- OMIM: 176760
- UniProtKB: P01236
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for PRL Gene
- GC06M022345
- GC06M022395
Summaries for PRL Gene
-
This gene encodes the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin. This secreted hormone is a growth regulator for many tissues, including cells of the immune system. It may also play a role in cell survival by suppressing apoptosis, and it is essential for lactation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]
GeneCards Summary for PRL Gene
PRL (Prolactin) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PRL include Empty Sella Syndrome and Sheehan Syndrome. Among its related pathways are Cytokine Signaling in Immune system and Innate Immune System. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include hormone activity and prolactin receptor binding.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PRL Gene
-
Prolactin acts primarily on the mammary gland by promoting lactation.
Additional gene information for PRL Gene
- Monarch Initiative
- Search for PRL at DataMed
- Search for PRL at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for PRL Gene
Genomics for PRL Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements for PRL Gene
Promoters and enhancers for PRL Gene
| GeneHancer (GH) Identifier | GH Type | GH Score |
GH Sources | Gene Association Score | Total Score | TSS distance (kb) | Number of Genes Away | Size (kb) | Transcription Factor Binding Sites |
Gene Targets |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GH06I022297 | Promoter | 0.5 | EPDnew | 550.4 | +5.8 | 5827 | 0.1 | PRL ENSG00000261568 CASC15 | ||
| GH06I022320 | Enhancer | 0.5 | ENCODE | 0.4 | -18.1 | -18084 | 0.2 | SP1 JUND JUN FOSL2 FOS | PRL GC06P022347 CASC15 | |
| GH06I022248 | Enhancer | 0.8 | Ensembl ENCODE | 0.2 | +53.9 | 53928 | 1.4 | SIX5 CEBPB REST ZEB2 NR2F2 FOXA1 SP1 CTBP1 GATA3 JUND | ENSG00000261568 PRL CASC15 | |
| GH06I022271 | Enhancer | 0.5 | Ensembl | 0.3 | +31.7 | 31682 | 0.4 | ZBED1 ETV6 BCLAF1 IKZF2 ATF2 RUNX3 SPI1 | PRL ENSG00000261568 CASC15 | |
| GH06I022236 | Enhancer | 0.7 | ENCODE | 0.2 | +65.9 | 65904 | 1.6 | NCOA3 PKNOX1 ZNF529 SIN3A CTBP1 GATA3 FOS FOSL2 ZBTB20 SMARCE1 | ENSG00000261568 PRL CASC15 |
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data dump
GeneHancers around PRL on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Locations for PRL Gene
Genomic Locations for PRL Gene
- chr6:22,287,244-22,302,883
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 15,640 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
- chr6:22,287,475-22,303,082
- (GRCh37/hg19)
Genomic View for PRL Gene
Genes around PRL on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 6p22.3 by Ensembl
- 6p22.3 by Entrez Gene
- 6p22.3 by HGNC
PRL Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for PRL Gene
Proteins for PRL Gene
-
Protein details for PRL Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P01236-PRL_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Prolactin
- Protein Accession:
- P01236
- Q15199
- Q92996
Protein attributes for PRL Gene
- Size:
- 227 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 25876 Da
- Quaternary structure:
- No Data Available
- SequenceCaution:
-
- Sequence=CAA38264.1; Type=Frameshift; Positions=8; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
Protein Expression for PRL Gene
Post-translational modifications for PRL Gene
- Glycosylation at isoforms=59
Other Protein References for PRL Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- R&D Systems Antibodies for PRL (Prolactin)
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for PRL
- AM05047PU-N
- TA700145
- TA600145
- TA590772
- CF500818
- TA500818
- CF500817
- TA500817
- CF500721
- TA500721
- CF500720
- TA500720
- CF500719
- TA500719
- CF500718
- TA500718
- TA354043
- TA327728
- TA327105
- TA323521
- TA323520
- SM1345P
- SM1344P
- BM2055
- BM2051
- BM030
- AP53447PU-N
- AP53446PU-N
- AP12983PU-N
- AP05507PU-N
- AP05503PU-N
- AP02298SU-S
- AP02298SU-N
- AM31632PU-N
- AM31631PU-N
- AM31630PU-N
- AM31629PU-N
- AM20842PU-N
- AM20841PU-N
- AM09308HR-N
- AM09307PU-N
- AM05048PU-N
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PRL
-
Abcam antibodies for PRL
- Invitrogen Antibodies for PRL
- antibodies-online: Search results for 534 available RAP Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top RAP Antibodies
-
Recommended
- 153 WB Antibodies (anti-human)
- 40 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 15 EIA Antibodies (anti-human)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 8 RIA Antibodies (anti-human)
- 7 IHC Antibodies (anti-human)
- 6 DB Antibodies (anti-human)
- 2 FACS Antibodies (anti-human)
- 2 PrA Antibodies (anti-human)
- 1 IF Antibody (anti-human)
- 1 IF/ICC Antibody (anti-human)
- 28 WB Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 4 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 1 IHC (fro) Antibody (anti-rat)
- 38 WB Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 3 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 153 WB Antibodies (anti-human)
- 40 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 15 EIA Antibodies (anti-human)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 8 RIA Antibodies (anti-human)
- 7 IHC Antibodies (anti-human)
- 6 DB Antibodies (anti-human)
- 2 FACS Antibodies (anti-human)
- 2 PrA Antibodies (anti-human)
- 1 IF Antibody (anti-human)
- 1 IF/ICC Antibody (anti-human)
- 28 WB Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 4 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 1 IHC (fro) Antibody (anti-rat)
- 3 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 38 WB Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- GeneTex PRL antibody for PRL
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for PRL
- Sino Biological Antibodies for PRL
Protein Products
- R&D Systems Proteins and Enzymes for PRL (Prolactin)
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for PRL
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for PRL
- Origene Custom Protein Services for PRL
- Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins for PRL
- Sino Biological Cell Lysates for PRL
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for PRL
- GeneTex Proteins for PRL
-
ProSci Proteins for PRL
-
Abcam proteins for PRL
Assay Products
- R&D Systems Luminex Assays, Proteome Profiler Antibody Arrays, ELISAs, and other biochemical assays for PRL (Prolactin)
- antibodies-online: Search results for 140 available RAP Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
- Compare Top RAP Elisa Kits
-
Recommended
- 3 Chicken ELISA Kits
- 13 Cow (Bovine) ELISA Kits
- 2 Dog (Canine) ELISA Kits
- 2 Fish ELISA Kits
- 5 Goat ELISA Kits
- 2 Guinea Pig ELISA Kits
- 1 Horse (Equine) ELISA Kit
- 36 Human ELISA Kits
- 3 Monkey ELISA Kits
- 26 Mouse (Murine) ELISA Kits
- 14 Pig (Porcine) ELISA Kits
- 12 Rabbit ELISA Kits
- 21 Rat (Rattus) ELISA Kits
- 4 Sheep (Ovine) ELISA Kits
- 3 Wild boar (Sus scrofa) ELISA Kits
- 3 Chicken ELISA Kits
- 13 Cow (Bovine) ELISA Kits
- 2 Dog (Canine) ELISA Kits
- 2 Fish ELISA Kits
- 5 Goat ELISA Kits
- 2 Guinea Pig ELISA Kits
- 1 Horse (Equine) ELISA Kit
- 36 Human ELISA Kits
- 3 Monkey ELISA Kits
- 26 Mouse (Murine) ELISA Kits
- 14 Pig (Porcine) ELISA Kits
- 12 Rabbit ELISA Kits
- 21 Rat (Rattus) ELISA Kits
- 4 Sheep (Ovine) ELISA Kits
- 3 Wild boar (Sus scrofa) ELISA Kits
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for PRL Gene
Domains & Families for PRL Gene
Gene Families for PRL Gene
- HGNC:
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Cancer-related genes
- Plasma proteins
- Predicted secreted proteins
Protein Domains for PRL Gene
- Blocks:
- InterPro:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for PRL Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P01236- Family:
-
- Belongs to the somatotropin/prolactin family.
Function for PRL Gene
Molecular function for PRL Gene
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- prolactin
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Prolactin acts primarily on the mammary gland by promoting lactation.
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for PRL Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005148 | prolactin receptor binding | TAS | 10854700 |
| GO:0005179 | hormone activity | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 22325776 |
Phenotypes for PRL Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for PRL:
- inferred from 1 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for PRL:
Animal Models for PRL Gene
- MGI Knock Outs for PRL:
-
- Prl tm1Hmn
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for PRL
-
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for PRL gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for PRL gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for PRL
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PRL
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for 135 available Prolactin gene related products
- Overview of 135 available Prolactin gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials CRISPR for PRL
-
Vectors and viruses for KO, Activation, Repression, and more
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PRL
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for PRL
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for PRL
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene RNAi, shrna, and sirna products in human, mouse, rat for PRL
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For PRL
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for 135 available Prolactin gene related products
- Overview of 135 available Prolactin gene related products
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for PRL gene
Clone Products
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PRL
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for PRL
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for PRL
-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- Addgene plasmids for PRL
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for PRL
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for PRL
-
ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for PRL gene
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for PRL gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for PRL gene
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , miRNA , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for PRL Gene
Localization for PRL Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PRL Gene
- Secreted.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| extracellular | 5 |
| endosome | 5 |
| nucleus | 3 |
| cytosol | 3 |
| plasma membrane | 2 |
| cytoskeleton | 2 |
| mitochondrion | 2 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 2 |
| lysosome | 2 |
| golgi apparatus | 2 |
- Cytosol (1)
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005576 | extracellular region | IEA,TAS | -- |
| GO:0031904 | endosome lumen | TAS | -- |
Pathways & Interactions for PRL Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prolactin Signaling Pathway | ||
| 2 | Growth hormone receptor signaling | ||
| 3 | PEDF Induced Signaling | ||
| 4 | Jak-STAT signaling pathway (KEGG) | ||
| 5 | Peptide ligand-binding receptors | ||
Pathways by source for PRL Gene
6 BioSystems pathways for PRL Gene
6 Reactome pathways for PRL Gene
1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathway for PRL Gene
2 Qiagen pathways for PRL Gene
Interacting Proteins for PRL Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
ENSP00000302150
P01236-PRL_HUMAN
for PRL Gene via
STRING
IID
UniProtKB
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0001937 | negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation | IDA | 23619365 |
| GO:0007166 | cell surface receptor signaling pathway | TAS | 10854700 |
| GO:0007565 | female pregnancy | NAS | 7221563 |
| GO:0007595 | lactation | IEA | -- |
| GO:0008283 | cell proliferation | TAS | 10854700 |
Transcripts for PRL Gene
mRNA/cDNA for PRL Gene
- (4) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (11) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (1041) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (3) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
Unigene Clusters for PRL Gene
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PRL
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for 135 available Prolactin gene related products
- Overview of 135 available Prolactin gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials CRISPR for PRL
-
Vectors and viruses for KO, Activation, Repression, and more
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PRL
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for PRL
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for PRL
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene RNAi, shrna, and sirna products in human, mouse, rat for PRL
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For PRL
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for 135 available Prolactin gene related products
- Overview of 135 available Prolactin gene related products
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for PRL gene
Clone Products
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PRL
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for PRL
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for PRL
-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- Addgene plasmids for PRL
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for PRL
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
| ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | · | 1c | · | 1d | ^ | 2a | · | 2b | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4 | ^ | 5 | ^ | 6a | · | 6b | · | 6c | ^ | 7a | · | 7b | · | 7c |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP4: | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP5: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP6: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP7: |
Expression for PRL Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
- Blood (Cardiovascular System)
-
Thymus (Hematopoietic System)
- T-Cytotoxic Cells Thymus
- Brain (Nervous System)
- Neurons (Uncategorized)
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for PRL Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Pituitary (x52.9).
This gene is overexpressed in Fetal gut (69.0).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, and MOPED for PRL Gene
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of PRL Gene:
PRLSOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for PRL Gene:
Hs.1905Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for PRL Gene
- Nervous system(4.7)
- Blood(4)
- Eye(3.3)
- Adrenal gland(2.6)
- Thyroid gland(2.6)
- Skin(2.2)
- Kidney(2)
- Liver(2)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for PRL
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PRL
No data available for mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for PRL Gene
Orthologs for PRL Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | PRL 33 34 |
|
||
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | PRL 33 34 |
|
||
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | PRL 33 34 |
|
||
| -- 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| -- 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| PRP9 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| PRP8 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| -- 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| PRP2 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| -- 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| PRP14 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| PRP6 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| PRP7 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| CSH1 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| PRP1 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| PRP5 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | PRL 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Prl 33 |
|
||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Prl 33 16 34 |
|
||
| Prl2a1 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl6a1 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl3a1 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl3b1 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl4a1 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl2c1 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl2c5 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl7d1 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl3d1 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl2c2 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl2c3 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl3d2 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl3d3 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl7b1 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl7c1 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl2b1 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl5a1 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl8a1 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl7a1 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl8a2 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl8a6 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl8a8 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl7a2 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl8a9 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Prl3c1 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | PRL 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | PRL 33 34 |
|
||
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | PRL 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | prl.1 33 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | prl 34 |
|
OneToOne |
- Species where no ortholog for PRL was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis)
- sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Paralogs for PRL Gene
No data available for Paralogs for PRL Gene
Variants for PRL Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 06 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1000159359 | -- | 22,304,149(-) | A/G | upstream_transcript_variant | |
| rs1000232359 | -- | 22,303,593(-) | A/C | upstream_transcript_variant | |
| rs1000405800 | -- | 22,289,400(-) | A/G | intron_variant | |
| rs1000768869 | -- | 22,303,259(-) | A/G | upstream_transcript_variant | |
| rs1001425245 | -- | 22,290,886(-) | G/A | intron_variant |
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| dgv5924n100 | CNV | loss | 25217958 |
| esv3608333 | CNV | loss | 21293372 |
| nsv601119 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
| nsv830604 | CNV | loss | 17160897 |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
35.8% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
0.81;
16.97% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for PRL Gene
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PRL Gene
Disorders for PRL Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| empty sella syndrome |
|
|
| sheehan syndrome |
|
|
| pituitary apoplexy |
|
|
| hyperprolactinemia |
|
|
| pituitary adenoma |
|
Search PRL in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for PRL
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- Tumor Gene Database
- (TGDB)
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for PRL Gene
Publications for PRL Gene
- A comprehensive analysis of common genetic variation in prolactin (PRL) and PRL receptor (PRLR) genes in relation to plasma prolactin levels and breast cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort. (PMID: 18053149) Lee SA … Stram DO (BMC medical genetics 2007) 3 22 44 58
- Polymorphisms and haplotypes in the cytochrome P450 17A1, prolactin, and catechol-O-methyltransferase genes and non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk. (PMID: 16214922) Skibola CF … Holly EA (Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 2005) 3 22 44 58
- Genome-wide association identifies three new susceptibility loci for Paget's disease of bone. (PMID: 21623375) Albagha OM … Genetic Determinants of Paget's Disease (GDPD) Consortium (Nature genetics 2011) 3 44 58
- L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel alpha subunit 1C is a novel candidate gene associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism: an application of haplotype-based analysis for multiple linked single nucleotide polymorphisms. (PMID: 20424473) Yokoyama K … Hosoya T (Nephron. Clinical practice 2010) 3 44 58
- Examination of genetic polymorphisms in newborns for signatures of sex-specific prenatal selection. (PMID: 20587610) Ucisik-Akkaya E … Dorak MT (Molecular human reproduction 2010) 3 44 58
Products for PRL Gene
- R&D Systems Antibodies for PRL (Prolactin)
- R&D Systems Proteins and Enzymes for PRL (Prolactin)
- R&D Systems ELISAs, Luminex Assays, Proteome Profiler Antibody Arrays, and other biochemical assays for PRL (Prolactin)
- Browse Primary Antibodies
- Browse Proteins and Enzymes
- Browse ELISAs
- Browse Activity Assays
- Browse cDNA Clones
- Browse Cell Culture Products
- Browse Cell Selection and Detection Kits
- Browse DNA Damage and Repair Kits
- Browse ELISpot/FluoroSpot Kits and Development Modules
- Browse Flow Cytometry Kits
- Browse Immunoprecipitation Assays
- Browse Luminex Assays
- Browse Peptides
- Browse Proteome Profiler Antibody Arrays
- Browse Small Molecules
- Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for PRL
- AM05047PU-N
- AM05048PU-N
- AM09307PU-N
- AM09308HR-N
- AM20841PU-N
- AM20842PU-N
- AM31629PU-N
- AM31630PU-N
- AM31631PU-N
- AM31632PU-N
- AP02298SU-N
- AP02298SU-S
- AP05503PU-N
- AP05507PU-N
- AP12983PU-N
- AP53446PU-N
- AP53447PU-N
- BM030
- BM2051
- BM2055
- SM1344P
- SM1345P
- TA323520
- TA323521
- TA327105
- TA327728
- TA354043
- TA500718
- CF500718
- TA500719
- CF500719
- TA500720
- CF500720
- TA500721
- CF500721
- TA500817
- CF500817
- TA500818
- CF500818
- TA590772
- TA600145
- TA700145
- Custom Assay Services
- OriGene Purified Proteins for PRL
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for PRL
- Origene Custom Protein Services for PRL
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PRL
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For PRL
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PRL
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for PRL
- OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PRL
- OriGene ORF clones in human for PRL
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Browse OriGene miRNA Products For PRL
- GenScript: Next-day shipping of latest version cDNA ORF clones for PRL in any vector
- GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for PRL
- GenScript Custom Assay Services for PRL
- GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for PRL
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for PRL
- Design optimal peptide antigens
- CloneReady with Over 120,000 Genes
- Gene Synthesis: Any Gene in Any Vector
- Vector-based siRNA and miRNA, Ready for Transfection
- Gene Mutant Library, Variants up to 10^11
- Plasmid Preparation
- GenScript Custom Peptide Services for PRL
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PRL
- Sino Biological Cell Lysates for PRL
- Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins for PRL
- Sino Biological Antibodies for PRL
- Browse Sino Biological Assays
- Browse Sino Biological ELISA Kits
- Browse Sino Biological ELISA Pair Sets
- Browse Sino Biological CRO Services
- Browse Sino Biological Control Vectors
- Sino Biological Transfection Reagent
- Sino Biological Anti-His Tag Antibody
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PRL
- Novus Biologicals proteins and lysates for PRL
- Novus Biologicals
- Novus Biologicals Tissue Microarrays
- Abcam antibodies for PRL
- Abcam proteins for PRL
- Find your target
- Browse Primary Antibodies
- Browse Conjugated Primary Antibodies
- Browse Secondary Antibodies
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Browse Matched Antibody Pairs
- Browse Proteins and Peptides
- Search Knockout (KO) Validated Antibodies
- Browse Monoclonal Antibodies
- Browse Recombinant Antibodies
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for PRL
- Browse Antibodies at Cloud-Clone Corp.
- Browse Proteins at Cloud-Clone Corp.
- Browse Assay Kits at Cloud-Clone Corp.
- Browse Knockouts at Cloud-Clone Corp.
- Browse Knockins at Cloud-Clone Corp.
- Cloud-Clone Corp. disease models service
- Browse cDNA clones at Cloud-Clone Corp.
- Browse primers at Cloud-Clone Corp.
- Cloud-Clone Corp. primary cells service
- Invitrogen Antibodies for PRL
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for PRL
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for PRL
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for PRL
- VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- Addgene plasmids for PRL
- antibodies-online: Search results for 534 available RAP Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top RAP Antibodies
- Recommended
- 153 WB Antibodies (anti-human)
- 40 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 15 EIA Antibodies (anti-human)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 8 RIA Antibodies (anti-human)
- 7 IHC Antibodies (anti-human)
- 6 DB Antibodies (anti-human)
- 2 FACS Antibodies (anti-human)
- 2 PrA Antibodies (anti-human)
- 1 IF Antibody (anti-human)
- 1 IF/ICC Antibody (anti-human)
- 28 WB Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 4 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 1 IHC (fro) Antibody (anti-rat)
- 38 WB Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 3 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 153 WB Antibodies (anti-human)
- 40 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 15 EIA Antibodies (anti-human)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 8 RIA Antibodies (anti-human)
- 7 IHC Antibodies (anti-human)
- 6 DB Antibodies (anti-human)
- 2 FACS Antibodies (anti-human)
- 2 PrA Antibodies (anti-human)
- 1 IF Antibody (anti-human)
- 1 IF/ICC Antibody (anti-human)
- 28 WB Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 4 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 1 IHC (fro) Antibody (anti-rat)
- 38 WB Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 3 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- antibodies-online: Search results for 140 available RAP Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
- Compare Top RAP Elisa Kits
- Recommended
- 3 Chicken ELISA Kits
- 13 Cow (Bovine) ELISA Kits
- 2 Dog (Canine) ELISA Kits
- 2 Fish ELISA Kits
- 5 Goat ELISA Kits
- 2 Guinea Pig ELISA Kits
- 1 Horse (Equine) ELISA Kit
- 36 Human ELISA Kits
- 3 Monkey ELISA Kits
- 26 Mouse (Murine) ELISA Kits
- 14 Pig (Porcine) ELISA Kits
- 12 Rabbit ELISA Kits
- 21 Rat (Rattus) ELISA Kits
- 4 Sheep (Ovine) ELISA Kits
- 3 Wild boar (Sus scrofa) ELISA Kits
- 3 Chicken ELISA Kits
- 13 Cow (Bovine) ELISA Kits
- 2 Dog (Canine) ELISA Kits
- 2 Fish ELISA Kits
- 5 Goat ELISA Kits
- 2 Guinea Pig ELISA Kits
- 1 Horse (Equine) ELISA Kit
- 36 Human ELISA Kits
- 3 Monkey ELISA Kits
- 26 Mouse (Murine) ELISA Kits
- 14 Pig (Porcine) ELISA Kits
- 12 Rabbit ELISA Kits
- 21 Rat (Rattus) ELISA Kits
- 4 Sheep (Ovine) ELISA Kits
- 3 Wild boar (Sus scrofa) ELISA Kits
- antibodies-online: Search results for 148 available RAP Proteins ranked by validation data
- Compare Top RAP Proteins
- GeneTex PRL antibody for PRL
- GeneTex Proteins for PRL
- ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for PRL gene
- ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for PRL gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for PRL gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for PRL
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for PRL
- Search Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) for PRL siRNA/shRNA
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PRL
- Search for PRL Antibodies at ProSci
- Custom Antibody Services
- ProSci Proteins for PRL
- Horizon Cell Lines for PRL
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for 135 available RAP gene related products
- Overview of 135 available RAP gene related products
- orf clones - Search results for 135 available RAP gene related products
- Overview of 135 available RAP gene related products
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for 135 available RAP gene related products
- Overview of 135 available RAP gene related products
- genomics-online: primer clones - Search results for 135 available RAP gene related products
- Overview of 135 available RAP gene related products
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for 135 available RAP gene related products
- Overview of 135 available RAP gene related products
Sources for PRL Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) UniGene
- (27) AceView
- (28) ASD
- (29) ECgene
- (30) GeneAnnot
- (31) CGAP SAGE
- (32) SOURCE
- (33) HomoloGene
- (34) PanEnsembl
- (35) euGenes
- (36) SGD
- (37) FlyBase
- (38) WormBase
- (39) Pseudogene
- (40) DGV
- (41) dbSNP
- (42) GenAtlas
- (43) HGMD
- (44) GAD
- (45) BGMUT
- (46) HuGE
- (47) Atlas
- (48) Cell Signaling Technology
- (49) GenBank
- (50) H-invDB
- (51) HORDE
- (52) HUGE
- (53) IMGT
- (54) Leiden
- (55) miRBase
- (56) DME
- (57) OriGene
- (58) PubMed
- (59) R&D Systems
- (60) TGDB
- (61) Tocris
- (62) Abcam
- (63) Novus Biologicals
- (64) ProSpec
- (65) Sino Biological
- (66) GenScript
- (67) Qiagen
- (68) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (69) OCA
- (70) Proteopedia
- (71) MOPED
- (72) neXtProt
- (73) Reactome
- (74) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (75) fRNAdb
- (76) DISEASES
- (77) SIMAP
- (78) GenomeRNAi
- (79) LifeMap
- (80) miRTarBase
- (81) MalaCards
- (82) Invitrogen
- (83) BitterDB
- (84) Vector BioLabs
- (85) ESI-BIO
- (86) RefSeq
- (87) BioSystems
- (88) MaxQB
- (89) IUPHAR
- (90) BioGPS
- (91) Illumina
- (92) COMPARTMENTS
- (93) HOMER
- (94) PaxDb
- (95) ApexBio
- (96) Addgene
- (97) antibodies-online
- (98) CYP
- (99) NONCODE
- (100) SwitchGear Genomics
- (101) TreeFam
- (102) PathCards
- (103) GeneReviews
- (104) GeneTex
- (105) Taconic Biosciences
- (106) GTEx
- (107) ProteomicsDB
- (108) SCBT
- (109) DGIdb
- (110) ClinicalTrials
- (111) FDA Approved Drugs
- (112) RVIS
- (113) SIGNOR
- (114) diseasecard
- (115) NIH Rare Diseases
- (116) Orphanet
- (117) UMLS
- (118) GTR
- (119) Disease Ontology
- (120) Genetics Home Reference
- (121) MeSH
- (122) MedlinePlus
- (123) CDC
- (124) NINDS
- (125) NCBI Bookshelf
- (126) ClinVar
- (127) Gene Damage Index
- (128) ViGene Biosciences
- (129) HPO
- (130) UDN
- (131) VISTA
- (132) FANTOM5
- (133) ENCODE
- (134) ProSci
- (135) Horizon
- (136) NURSA
- (137) IID
- (138) Cyagen
- (139) VectorBuilder
- (140) SNPedia
- (141) BRCA Exchange
- (142) St John's Lab
- (143) CIViC
- (144) ProteoGenix
- (145) dbSUPER
- (146) TISSUES
- (147) Gene ORGANizer
- (148) abm
- (149) CrownBio
- (150) Human Protein Atlas
- (151) GWAS Catalog
- (152) Monarch Initiative
- (153) DataMed
- (154) HumanCyc
- (155) genomics-online
- (156) UCNEbase
- (157) EPDnew