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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

PRL Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 68
GCID: GC06M022230

prolactin
 Explore 338 diseases affiliated with
PRL via
MalaCards
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 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for PRL    

Aliases
for PRL gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Prolactin1
Decidual Prolactin2

External Ids:    HGNC: 94451   Entrez Gene: 56172   Ensembl: ENSG000001721797   OMIM: 1767605   UniProtKB: P012363   

Export aliases for PRL gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC06M022345 GC06M022395


Summaries
for PRL gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for PRL:
This gene encodes the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin. This secreted hormone is a growth regulator for many
tissues, including cells of the immune system. It may also play a role in cell survival by suppressing apoptosis, and
it is essential for lactation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same
protein. (provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PRL_HUMAN, P01236
Function: Prolactin acts primarily on the mammary gland by promoting lactation

Gene Wiki entry for PRL (Prolactin)


Genomic Views
for PRL gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000006.11  NC_018917.1  NT_007592.15  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the PRL gene promoter:
         AP-1   ATF-2   FOXO1a   STAT3   IRF-1   c-Jun   NF-kappaB1   FOXO1   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: PRL promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for PRL

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat PRL


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 6p22.2-p21.3   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  6p22.3   HGNC cytogenetic band: 6p22.2-p21.3

PRL Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
PRL gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 6         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC06M022230:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 22,287,475 bp from pter      End:
 22,303,082 bp from pter
Size:
 15,608 bases      Orientation:
 minus strand

Proteins
for PRL gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PRL_HUMAN, P01236 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Prolactin precursor  
Size: 227 amino acids; 25876 Da
Subcellular location: Secreted
Sequence caution: Sequence=CAA38264.1; Type=Frameshift; Positions=8;
6/12 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for PRL (see all 12):
1RW5 (3D)        2Q98 (3D)        3D48 (3D)        3EW3 (3D)        3MZG (3D)        3N06 (3D)    
Secondary accessions: Q15199 Q92996

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for PRL: NX_P01236

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P01236

    • PRL Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_000939.1  NP_001157030.1  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000302150  
    Reactome Protein details: P01236
    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
    Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
    R&D Systems Recombinant & Natural Proteins for PRL (Prolactin)
    Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
    OriGene Purified Proteins (see all 2): PRL
    OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate (see all 2): PRL
    OriGene Custom Protein Services for PRL 
    GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for PRL
    Novus Biologicals PRL Proteins
    Novus Biologicals PRL Lysates
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    ProSpec Recombinant Protein for PRL
    Uscn Proteins for PRL

    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005576extracellular region TAS--
    GO:0030141secretory granule ----


    PRL for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    PRL Antibody Products: 
    EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of PRL
    R&D Systems Antibodies for PRL (Prolactin)
    OriGene Antibodies (see all 10): PRL
    OriGene Custom Antibody Services for PRL 
    GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for PRL
    Novus Biologicals PRL Antibodies
    Abcam antibodies for PRL 
    Uscn Antibodies for PRL
    ThermoFisher Antibody for PRL

    Assay Products for PRL: 
    Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development
    Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
    R&D Systems ELISAs for PRL (Prolactin)         (see all)
    GenScript Custom Assay Services for PRL
    Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for PRL

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for PRL gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    PRL for domains           About GeneDecksing

    4 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR018116 Somatotropin_CS
     IPR012351 4_helix_cytokine_core
     IPR009079 4_helix_cytokine-like_core
     IPR001400 Somatotropin

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P01236

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P01236

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB001400 Somatotropin hormone

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PRL_HUMAN, P01236
    Similarity: Belongs to the somatotropin/prolactin family


    Function
    for PRL gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PRL_HUMAN, P01236
    Function: Prolactin acts primarily on the mammary gland by promoting lactation

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for PRL:
    prolactin

    miRNA
    Products:            		Browse 3'-UTR reporter clones for miRNA target validation
    Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PRL
    Search QIAGEN for miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PRL
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PRL 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:            		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PRL (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: PRL
    OriGene siRNA: PRL
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PRL

    Gene Editing
    Products:    		DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for PRL

    Clone
    Products:             		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PRL (see all 5)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PRL (see all 2)
    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: PRL (NM_004248)
    Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PRL
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for PRL
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PRL 

    Cell Line
    Products:             		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for PRL
    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for PRL

    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PRL

    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005148prolactin receptor binding TAS10854700
    GO:0005179hormone activity IEA--


    PRL for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-out Prltm1Hmn for PRL
         10 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 1 allele) (MGI details for Prl):
     behavior/neurological  embryogenesis  endocrine/exocrine gland  homeostasis/metabolism  immune system 
     integument  liver/biliary system  nervous system  reproductive system  tumorigenesis 

    PRL for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    Pathways & Interactions
    for PRL gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/18 super-pathways (see all 18) About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1JAK2 phosphorylation
    		JAK2 phosphorylation1.00
    		PRLR is phosphorylated at Ser-3490.86
    		Tyrosine phosphorylation of PRLR0.86
    		PRLR activation0.86
    2FBXW7 WD mutants do not bind NICD1
    		Prolactin receptor is internalized0.25
    		Nuclear signaling by ERBB40.07
    		Prolactin receptor signaling0.18
    		Growth hormone receptor signaling0.00
    3Development_Prolactin receptor signaling
    		Development_Prolactin receptor signaling1.00
    		Prolactin Signaling Pathway0.39
    		Development Prolactin receptor signaling1.00
    4Amyloid precursor proteins form ordered fibrils
    		Amyloid precursor proteins form ordered fibrils1.00
    		Amyloids0.43
    5Cytokine Signaling in Immune system
    		Cytokine Signaling in Immune system1.00

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways

    1 EMD Millipore Pathway for PRL
        Development Prolactin receptor signaling

    2 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for PRL
        JAK-STAT Pathway
    Prolactin Signaling

    1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathway for PRL
        Development Prolactin receptor signaling

    5 BioSystems Pathways for PRL 
        Prolactin Signaling Pathway
    Prostaglandin Synthesis and Regulation
    Signaling events mediated by PTP1B
    ErbB4 signaling events
    Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network

    5/15        Reactome Pathways for PRL (see all 15)
        PRLR activation
    Cytokine Signaling in Immune system
    JAK2 phosphorylation
    PRLR is phosphorylated at Ser-349
    Prolactin receptor signaling


    3         Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for PRL):
        Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
    Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction
    Jak-STAT signaling pathway


    PRL for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for PRL

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

    5/41 Interacting proteins for PRL (P012363 ENSP000003021504) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 41)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    PPIBP232843, ENSP000003000264I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000300026
    PRLRP164713, ENSP000003714324I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000371432
    UBQLN4Q9NRR53, ENSP000003572924I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000357292
    PAK2Q131773I2D: score=1 
    APCSENSP000002550404STRING: ENSP00000255040
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/20 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 20):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0007166cell surface receptor signaling pathway TAS10854700
    GO:0007262STAT protein import into nucleus ----
    GO:0007565female pregnancy NAS7221563
    GO:0007567parturition ----
    GO:0007584response to nutrient ----


    PRL for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for PRL gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    PRL for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for PRL
    10/121 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for PRL gene (see all 121)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    bromocriptine 93.1 682 17917811 (5), 11579944 (5), 1490255 (4), 1543025 (4) (see all 99)
    acth 89.4 1254 9876339 (6), 14533141 (6), 14604600 (6), 12475731 (5) (see all 99)
    cabergoline 88.6 223 10931080 (6), 10404830 (5), 11579944 (4), 12699451 (4) (see all 99)
    testosterone 88.4 1978 9334596 (7), 15670199 (6), 10639190 (5), 11966629 (5) (see all 99)
    quinagolide 87.3 71 7889620 (5), 8921822 (4), 10931080 (4), 18211974 (3) (see all 27)
    estradiol 87.1 1052 16775175 (6), 16557037 (6), 2209924 (5), 2162014 (5) (see all 99)
    fenfluramine 85.8 552 11959359 (7), 12680745 (7), 10760377 (6), 10674278 (6) (see all 99)
    progesterone 83.1 1127 9158065 (9), 14559722 (7), 2209924 (7), 19215357 (6) (see all 99)
    dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate 82.3 356 9159534 (7), 1832389 (5), 7586621 (4), 11499189 (4) (see all 99)
    dopamine 81.4 1015 7977731 (8), 8284103 (8), 8119166 (8), 1618163 (6) (see all 99)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about PRL 

    Transcripts
    for PRL gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for PRL gene (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_000948.5  NM_001163558.2  

    Unigene Clusters for PRL:

    Prolactin
    Hs.1905  [show with all ESTs], Hs.735971
    Unigene Representative Sequences: CD242874, M58594
    1 Ensembl transcript including schematic representation, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000306482(uc003ndo.3 uc003ndp.3 uc003ndq.3 uc003ndr.1)


    miRNA
    Products:             		Browse 3'-UTR reporter clones for miRNA target validation
    Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PRL
    Search QIAGEN for miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PRL
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PRL 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:             		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PRL (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: PRL
    OriGene siRNA: PRL
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PRL
    Clone
    Products:             		 OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PRL (see all 5)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PRL (see all 2)
    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: PRL (NM_004248)
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for PRL
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PRL 
    Primer
    Products:            		 OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for PRL
    Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
    SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat PRL
      QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat PRL
      QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat PRL

    Additional cDNA sequence: M58594.1 

    24/38 DOTS entries (see all 38):

    DT.100893336  DT.216750  DT.100893346  DT.92459805  DT.100893365  DT.100893341  DT.100893371  DT.100893374 
    DT.100893360  DT.95181547  DT.100893338  DT.95283527  DT.100893355  DT.100893368  DT.100893372  DT.95181598 
    DT.100842013  DT.100893325  DT.121387776  DT.91843361  DT.95181552  DT.95181593  DT.100893324  DT.100893332 

    1041 AceView cDNA sequences (see top 24):

    AA371842 BX336440 AA371794 CD251316 CD239727 CD108102 CD251609 BX106632 
    CD108474 CD251157 CD238511 CD107233 CD108227 CD106978 CD106290 CD239693 
    CD108638 CD105695 CD242668 CD108032 AV752034 CD556859 CD108270 CD236964 
    CD108806 CD107309 CD105939 CD106131 CD106237 CD519045 CD108614 BM712875 
    CD243100 AV750987 CD107994 M58594 CD238892 CD239044 CD109155 CD107514 
    CD108115 CD251262 CD251668 CD251218 CD106396 CD106496 CD106637 CD107449 
    CD106406 CD251144 CD513801 CD239720 CD250978 CD109087 CD242847 CD107243 
    CD106737 CD513601 CD105459 CD242863 CD106785 CD105722 CD238851 CD106243 
    CD251270 CD243107 CD108217 CD243132 CD239398 CD236716 CD513482 CD239714 
    CD251546 CD251762 CD239746 CD239820 AA371662 CD239750 CD251416 CD108473 
    CD107115 CD107860 CD239676 CD105905 CD514084 BM723334 CD106477 CD242329 
    CR596710 CD106943 CD108019 CD106694 CD250885 CD108225 CD105775 CD239773 
    CD108583 CD239665 CR608839 AA371713 CD108070 BF511062 CD108150 CD238862 
    CD106017 CD109196 BG393056 CD107118 CD108703 CD106462 AV753515 CD107921 
    CD518211 CD107493 CD239782 CD243041 CD239749 CD239178 BM673732 CD239780 
    CD237013 CD238951 CD109109 BM682199 CD105236 CD107815 CD109012 CD242839 
    CD108778 CD106713 CD513586 CD106883 CD238542 CD107142 CD105883 CD108216 
    CD106653 CD108824 CD106099 CD108266 CD556652 CD108480 CD106101 CD106577 
    CD108001 CD239547 CD239882 CD106427 CD105814 CD108021 CD250884 CD107842 
    CD251113 CD108091 CD514046 CD238552 CD518766 CD107878 CD251266 BC015850 
    CD243014 CD109230 CD106782 CD105439 CD238232 CD238274 CD250869 CD107483 
    CD243076 CD238413 CD106349 CD105846 CD107678 CD108933 CD105418 CD108633 
    CD108894 CD105487 CD239046 CD243111 CD107600 CD107114 CD251505 CD105928 
    CD106867 CD105648 CD251647 CD108179 CD238030 CD251482 CD250871 CD106717 
    CD105371 CD106918 CD109161 CD108026 CD251508 CD513048 T29541 AV753278 
    CD108484 CD239033 CD236945 CD239318 CD239915 CD237044 CD239315 CD513187 
    CD513379 AV751384 CD108493 CD609880 CD556890 CD250905 CD239054 CD107141 
    CD237069 AV752914 AI123963 AV753032 CD251517 CD242345 CD105478 CD516411 
    CD238480 CD242742 CD237125 CD238633 CD239382 CD239907 AA371661 BX348372 
    CD238910 CD514096 CD242312 AV751661 CD238070 CD237960 CD240017 CD239360 
    BU598743 CD239811 CD239215 CD243095 CD237113 CD239992 CD238601 CD238416 
    CD242797 CD237786 CD237848 CD238978 CD237955 CD514064 CD238238 CD513599 
    CD239470 CD238612 CD105752 CD239853 CD242859 CD238853 AV753290 CD239001 
    CD238896 CD513942 CD513211 AV753127 CD251797 CD513842 CD239429 CD238997 
    CD239929 CD518911 CD236988 AV753215 CD242477 CD239557 AA693912 CD237810 
    CD108519 AV752536 NM_000948 CD236837 AA371775 CD239093 CD242633 BU192090 
    CD238765 CD238794 CD243003 CD238930 BX336439 CD242372 BX339442 CD239027 
    AV752096 CD242756 CD238976 CD512894 CD240037 CD556460 CD239111 CD105805 
    CD238887 CD105974 CD108168 CD609878 CD243031 CD242335 CD513353 CD237428 
    CD513826 CD107718 CD238654 CD556331 CD239698 BX380174 CD239945 CD250947 
    CD238698 CD251660 CD251611 CD239032 CD238702 CD239536 CD238229 AA037488 
    CD237692 CD239635 CD108411 CD108129 CD242985 CD106118 CD238731 CD108665 
    CD236929 CD237632 CD238385 CD238486 D00411 CD109210 CD107480 CD242551 
    CD236904 V00566 CD237793 CD109108 CD237821 CD239603 AV750066 CD238135 
    CD237502 CD239592 AA371800 CD238352 CD513829 CD239384 CD516390 AV747817 
    CD239663 CD239655 CD239191 CD238683 CD239900 CD239042 CD238228 AA371763 
    BG504305 CD238858 CD512718 CD238713 CD237048 CD107546 CD238856 CD236965 
    CD512939 CD251429 CD237963 CD108472 CD237045 CD236980 CD239597 CD239888 
    CD239078 AV745890 AA371814 AV751541 CD105579 CD237994 CD239393 AV751448 
    CD106423 CD242252 CD239231 CD238298 CD238536 CD556755 CD513333 CD557033 
    CD236919 CD512773 CD251473 CD238900 CD237008 U75583 AV748123 BG505714 
    CD237877 CD513218 CD108333 CD556543 CD242636 CD609881 CD239363 CD238859 
    CD556560 CD239079 CD239210 CD237896 AV747404 CD238755 BX380686 CD238925 
    CD512943 CD238535 CD513254 CD239184 CD556297 CD238884 CD237778 CD105545 
    CD239291 CD107432 CD238397 CD242700 CD238162 AA371868 CD513845 CD514032 
    CD108855 CD239460 CD237817 CD519470 CD238435 CD239030 CD519594 CD105310 
    CD557015 CD239816 CD237803 AA371874 CD107478 CD013952 CD106078 CD237872 
    CD242793 CD239916 CD106086 CD108717 CD237090 CD236797 CD239038 CD236856 
    CD107606 CD513912 CD236985 CD513430 CD106572 CD239195 CD251255 AV752057 
    CD238439 CD240010 CD239345 M29386 CD251021 CD238628 CD556944 BQ441738 
    CD242455 CD237149 CD108725 CD556806 CD238956 CD238517 CD238191 CD556786 
    CD108531 CD609875 CD237773 CD238587 AV752338 AA705538 CD242958 CD239326 
    CD609877 CD556312 CD238772 CD513541 BI753701 CD237042 AV753552 CD107077 
    CD239100 CD107688 CD239799 CD239903 CD239909 CD513647 AV752423 CD238705 
    CD237041 CD236807 X54394 CD107727 CD243183 CD556804 CD105203 CD107543 
    CD242981 CD106332 CD237630 BX339441 AV751604 CD239274 AV747026 CD106835 
    CD238632 AV751947 AA371344 CD107540 CD238664 CD237888 CD239769 CD106209 
    CD236924 CD238415 CD240055 CD238087 CD108488 CD251598 CD239362 CD237284 
    CD513744 AV747660 CD239332 CD513945 CD251430 AA035447 AV752418 CD518926 
    CD106414 CD239623 X54393 CD239760 CD609883 CD105263 CD239584 AV746220 
    CD518896 AV747998 AA661993 AV753532 CD107741 CD239541 CD512736 AV754348 
    AV752820 CD237918 N69665 CD107458 CD237488 AV745245 CD237401 CD237364 
    D78866 CD237585 CD513233 H83930 AV748528 AV752497 AV751847 AV746049 
    CD237175 CD108983 AV745824 AV746121 CD513661 AA133920 CD557052 CD108963 
    CD239083 CD237123 H51034 CD237706 CD239048 CD238638 CD237120 AV747587 
    AV745282 CD513524 CD239502 AV751291 CD516351 CD609876 CD519615 AV747791 
    AV750775 AA371726 CD556424 CD237820 CD237214 CD236782 CD239941 AV748721 
    CD556951 CD242719 AV750456 CD609879 AV745886 AV753254 CD512863 CD251306 
    CD237203 CD237657 CD236711 CD237265 AV754820 AV747855 AV745785 CD238992 
    AV751708 CD242817 CD609874 AV748434 AV751629 CD237324 CD237618 CD239134 
    CD109058 AV753292 AV753239 AV751323 CD237571 AV745802 CD237101 CD238677 
    CD242350 CD106369 AV751755 AV754448 AV745743 AV753141 AV748322 CD237148 
    AV747135 AV747648 AV751666 AV751005 CD106551 AV752380 CD242803 CD512953 
    AV746212 CD243131 CD237172 CD237162 CD239448 CD237698 CD236833 CD105194 
    CD518864 CD239277 AV747659 CD238844 AA704863 CD556639 CD609882 AV747839 
    CD237669 AV747347 AV752728 AV753207 AV748430 CD243002 CD107894 AV750958 
    AV745989 BQ429729 AI056744 AV752924 AV748283 AV749361 AV745856 H51033 
    CD237270 CD239630 CD252113 AV745898 AV750090 AV745557 AV749818 CD239316 
    AV745191 CD107122 AV753132 AV746151 AV749434 AV746115 CD512979 AV748317 
    AV750337 CD239959 AV750465 CD251063 CD251744 CD239873 AV751275 AV748269 
    AV750597 CD516328 AV750340 AV746143 AV745558 AV747716 AV750941 AV746811 
    AV745223 AV747942 CD107348 CD251785 AV746922 AV749259 CD237236 CD107136 
    AA371723 CD242564 AV745434 CD237396 CD105569 AV751211 CD106499 AV749842 
    AV747325 AV747560 AV754485 AV745532 AV749454 N31956 AV754803 AV750855 
    AV749690 AV753978 AA371720 AA130238 CD237742 AV745441 CD513357 CD237174 
    CD239314 CD242953 CD108697 CD237736 CD512818 BX380685 CD105885 AV748468 
    AV746709 CD236717 AV746043 CD251145 AV747349 CD239076 CD237259 AV749747 
    CD237559 D59032 AV748364 AV745866 AV746053 AV752760 AV749973 AV747960 
    AV746405 AV750334 CD236816 AV752352 AV747243 CD513268 AV754768 AV751913 
    AV745376 CD243021 AV752956 AV745899 AV750162 AV748237 CD517967 AV749638 
    AV748194 AV749822 AV750675 CD238613 CD236939 AV745394 CD236931 AV750587 
    AV750840 AV752363 AV748052 AA151622 AV747396 CD237535 AV747687 AV746860 
    AV747594 AV752015 AV749873 CD106158 AV746326 CD106769 AV753411 AV747569 
    AV753265 AV748087 AV751375 CD105834 AV753004 AV747222 AV749871 CD237431 
    CD251015 AV751846 AV748366 AV747246 AV748153 AV752180 AV747703 AV751935 
    AV750426 AV747940 AV747242 AV747211 AV746995 AV749199 AV746024 AV747409 
    CD239136 CD556381 CD237566 AV754397 CD237475 AV747197 CD242284 CD556345 
    CD518885 AV750333 AV753525 AV749438 AV750795 AV752125 AV751136 CD513339 
    CD243276 AV748090 AV745602 AV750123 CD236685 AV749620 N53569 AV752782 
    AV750081 AA923706 CD556958 H83788 AA884187 AV749619 CB051796 AV745505 
    CD106130 AV750669 CD513055 CD513117 CD238655 AV749464 AV748658 CD513729 
    CD237593 CD519528 AV750756 AV750335 CD251721 CD251404 AV748902 CD106830 
    AV746545 AV746474 AV747525 AV745195 CD242774 AV746717 R27857 CD556592 
    AV747141 AV754867 CD609884 CD251242 CD238785 CD251192 AV747238 CD556986 
    CD513928 AA709022 CD251351 BG184483 AV747941 AV746765 W76563 AV748232 
    AV746972 AV748699 AV747267 CD514017 AV747017 AV747261 AV745599 AV746345 
    AI241435 CD238915 AV747192 AV750354 AV745622 CD609885 AV745351 AV750187 
    AV746983 AV748845 CD239074 CD514117 AV750148 AV746204 AV746792 AV752207 
    CD105381 AV751273 AV751341 AV748308 CD106979 AV746935 AV750296 AV753604 
    N72528 AV750308 AV749243 AV751873 CD237217 AV747688 AV748906 AV752532 
    CD106856 AV753217 W72598 AV751266 AV749035 AV746000 CD242459 AV750451 
    AV751564 AV749501 AV752662 AV751694 CD239739 CD251650 AV748286 AV751203 
    AV745231 CD106775 CD108011 CD556589 AV752155 AV749905 AV748145 AV749588 
    AV751579 AV745993 AV746644 CD242735 CD512812 AV747462 AV748188 AV747681 
    AV750403 N72337 AV751442 CD105451 AV751387 AV747847 AV750346 AV750670 
    CD556818 AV749740 CD239836 N94273 AV750218 AV748828 CD236814 CD239551 
    AV745123 AV752048 AV749993 CD513728 AV745999 AV747935 CD106337 AA371556 
    AV751867 CD609895 CD609888 CD609893 CD108827 CD609889 CD609886 CD609887 
    AV746361 CD609891 CD513536 CD609892 CD239838 CD242917 AV750764 AV750758 
    CD609894 CD107124 CD609890 CD237556 AV753744 CD105602 AA035474 CD242401 
    CD239366 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5/7 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PRL (see all 7)    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1a · 1b · 1c · 1d ^ 2a · 2b ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5 ^ 6a · 6b · 6c ^ 7a · 7b · 7c
    SP1:                          -                 -                       -                     
    SP2:                          -                 -                       -                     
    SP3:                          -                 -                       -                     
    SP4:                          -                 -           -     -     -                     
    SP5:                          -                 -                                             


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for PRL

    Expression
    for PRL gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    PRL expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: CTTGGGTGTA

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    PRL expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 1 LifeMap Cell 
    NameCategory
    Beating cell clusters (Spontaneous differen...)
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization

    See PRL Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for PRL

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene clusters: Hs.1905 Hs.735971
        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including PRL: 
              cAMP / Ca2+ Signaling PathwayFinder in human mouse rat
              Insulin Signaling Pathway in human mouse rat
              Angiogenic Growth Factors in human mouse rat
              JAK / STAT Signaling Pathway in human mouse rat
              Inflammatory Response & Autoimmunity 384HT in human mouse rat

    Primer
    Products:    		 OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for PRL
    Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
    SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat PRL
    QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat PRL
    QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat PRL
    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PRL

    Orthologs
    for PRL gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

    Orthologs for PRL gene from 5/11 species (see all 11)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)    		 Mammalia Prl1 , 5 prolactin1, 5 72(n)1
    61.33(a)1    		   13 (12.25 cM)5
    191091  NM_011164.21  NP_035294.21 
     270575775 
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves PRL1 prolactin 71.51(n)
    68.28(a)    		   396453  NM_205466.2  NP_990797.2 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia PRL6
    		 --
    		 65(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 4(54981767-54989741)
    African clawed frog
    (Xenopus laevis)    		 Amphibia CD302094.12   -- 73.67(n)    CD302094.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii prl6
    		 prolactin
    		 30(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 3(32478893-32482876)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PRL (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for PRL (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for PRL gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for PRL gene
    GH22  CSH22  CSH12  GH12  CSHL12  

    PRL for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    Genomic Variants
    for PRL gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/292 NCBI SNPs in PRL are shown (see all 292)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 6 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs93585301,2
    		H--22230740(+) TACAAC/TTAAAA 2 -- ut314Minor allele frequency- T:0.00NS EA 418
    rs1132872471,2
    		F--22231044(+) TTAGTG/ATTTGT 2 -- int12Minor allele frequency- A:0.50CSA 4
    rs14746261,2
    		F,--22231880(-) caccaC/Taatct 2 -- int11Minor allele frequency- T:0.05WA 118
    rs764009581,2
    		C,--22232309(+) GTGTGC/TGCGCG 2 -- int13Minor allele frequency- T:0.25NA WA 240
    rs574404881,2
    		C,--22232647(+) TTTCTC/GGCATG 2 -- int12Minor allele frequency- G:0.03WA 120
    rs733891641,2
    		C,--22233205(+) TCTGGC/TGAGGG 2 -- int12Minor allele frequency- T:0.12WA 120
    rs62381,2
    		C,H--22233723(-) TATTGC/TGATCC 4 R * stg1 ese310Minor allele frequency- T:0.00MN NS EA 998
    rs774240201,2
    		C,--22234241(+) TCATCG/AAACTA 2 -- int12Minor allele frequency- A:0.12WA 120
    rs763447971,2
    		F,--22234485(+) GATCGT/AGTAGG 2 -- int11Minor allele frequency- A:0.06WA 118
    rs733891661,2
    		C,--22234596(+) ATGGAC/GATTGC 2 -- int12Minor allele frequency- G:0.06WA 120

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for PRL (22287475 - 22303082 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 1 variation for PRL
         1 CNV: 93538
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): PRL

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing PRL
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for PRL

    Disorders / Diseases
    for PRL gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    PRL for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 176760    OMIM disorders: --

    20/338 diseases for PRL (see all 338):    About MalaCards
    prolactin producing pituitary tumor    spinal cord injury    pituitary-dependent cushing's disease    growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma
    21-hydroxylase deficiency    ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, clefting syndrome    alveolar soft part sarcoma    stereotypic movement disorder
    adrenal gland hyperfunction    diamond-blackfan anemia    premenstrual tension    spinal muscular atrophy
    obsessive-compulsive disorder    growth hormone deficiency    pituitary apoplexy    empty sella syndrome
    langerhans-cell histiocytosis    end stage renal failure    neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus    migraine without aura

    20/51 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for PRL (see all 51):
    Hyperprolactinemia     Pituitary adenoma     Amenorrhea     Adenoma
    Neuroendocrine tumor     Acromegaly     Sexual dysfunction     Infertility
    Hypogonadism     Hypopituitarism     Hypothyroidism     Gynecomastia
    Schizophrenia     Penile disease     Polycystic ovary syndrome     Anovulation
    Breast cancer     Cushing's syndrome     Empty sella syndrome     Pituitary apoplexy

    10/90 Novoseek disease relationships for PRL gene (see all 90)    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    hyperprolactinemia 97.2 764 8456892 (5), 7899431 (5), 9156042 (5), 16817144 (5) (see all 99)
    prolactinoma 95.4 432 12012125 (6), 18426817 (5), 1903012 (5), 12574225 (4) (see all 99)
    macroprolactinoma 92.5 95 8737186 (6), 10931080 (5), 8729527 (3), 10216513 (3) (see all 60)
    pituitary adenoma 91.3 250 8392915 (5), 1910948 (3), 14615416 (3), 12713252 (3) (see all 99)
    microprolactinoma 91.3 77 10931080 (5), 14616880 (4), 10216513 (3), 1774132 (2) (see all 48)
    pituitary tumors 87.7 119 15251707 (3), 2325501 (2), 10933752 (2), 7664652 (2) (see all 90)
    acromegaly 83.2 73 1574954 (2), 8531896 (2), 8127416 (2), 15473133 (2) (see all 52)
    adenoma 82.3 774 8949563 (7), 1625993 (6), 8162255 (5), 8890999 (5) (see all 99)
    hypogonadism 80 51 8733264 (3), 2099670 (1), 10699620 (1), 11207632 (1) (see all 36)
    panhypopituitarism 78.9 26 10698595 (2), 2045062 (1), 8805025 (1), 9285205 (1) (see all 20)

    Genetic Association Database (GAD): PRL
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: PRL (67 documents)
    Tumor Gene Database (TGDB): PRL

    Export disorders for PRL gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for PRL gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for PRL gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 4438):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with PRL)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Prolactin and prolactin receptor gene polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. (PubMed id 12559630)1, 4, 9 Mellai M....Momigliano-Richiardi P. (2003)
    2. Polymorphisms and haplotypes in the cytochrome P450 17A1, prolactin, and catechol-O-methyltransferase genes and non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk. (PubMed id 16214922)1, 4, 9 Skibola C.F....Holly E.A. (2005)
    3. Structural and thermodynamic bases for the design of pure prolactin receptor antagonists: X-ray structure of Del1-9-G129R-hPRL. (PubMed id 17785459)1, 2 Jomain J.-B.... Goffin V. (2007)
    4. Solution structure of human prolactin. (PubMed id 16045928)1, 2 Teilum K....Kragelund B.B. (2005)
    5. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    6. Genetic variations in humans associated with differences in the course of hepatitis C. (PubMed id 15063762)1, 4 Saito T....Kawata S. (2004)
    7. The tertiary structure and backbone dynamics of human prolactin. (PubMed id 12729745)1, 2 Keeler C.... Hodsdon M.E. (2003)
    8. Neuroendocrine gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to juvenile idiopathic arthritis. (PubMed id 12154211)1, 4 Donn R.P....Thomson W. (2002)
    9. Characterization of a prolactin gene polymorphism and its associations with systemic lupus erythematosus. (PubMed id 11665977)1, 4 Stevens A....Davis J.R. (2001)
    10. Polymorphisms of the human prolactin gene--implications for production of lymphocyte prolactin and systemic lupus erythematosus. (PubMed id 11721693)1, 4 Stevens A....Davis J.R. (2001)

    External Searches for PRL gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing PRL gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 5617 HGNC: 9445 AceView: PRL Ensembl:ENSG00000172179 euGenes: HUgn5617
    ECgene: PRL Kegg: 5617 H-InvDB: PRL

    Other Databases showing PRL gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing PRL gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for PRL Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for PRL Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
    Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactin

    Intellectual Property
    for PRL gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for PRL gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving PRL

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



    Products
    for PRL gene

    (Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences),
    In Situ Hybridization Assays from
    Advanced Cell Diagnostics
    About This Section

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     OriGene Antibodies for PRL   OriGene shRNA RFP for PRL  
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     QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of in human, mouse, rat PRL
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     GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for PRL GenScript cDNA clones with any tag delivered in your preferred vector for PRL
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     Regulatory tfbs in PRL promoter
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     Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PRL
     SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids for PRL
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     ThermoFisher Antibody for PRL
     Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PRL
           
    GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 19 Mar 2013 - Incrementals: 21 Mar 2013 , 15 Apr 2013 , 26 Apr 2013

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    von Willebrand factor
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