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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

PRKCH Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 67
GCID: GC14P061655

protein kinase C, eta


(Previous symbol: PRKCL)
 Explore 26 diseases affiliated with
PRKCH via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for PRKCH    

Aliases
for PRKCH gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Protein Kinase C, Eta1 2     NPKC-Eta1
PKCL1 2 3 5     EC 2.7.11.133 8
PRKCL1 2 3 5     Protein Kinase C Eta Type2
PKC-L1 2 3     EC 2.7.118

External Ids:    HGNC: 94031   Entrez Gene: 55832   Ensembl: ENSG000000270757   OMIM: 6054375   UniProtKB: P247233   

Export aliases for PRKCH gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC14P059114 GC14P055582 GC14P059778 GC14P060858 GC14P061788 GC14P041951


Summaries
for PRKCH gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for PRKCH:
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium
and the second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are
known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. PKC family members also serve as major receptors for
phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is
believed to play a distinct role in cells. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the PKC family members. It is a
calcium-independent and phospholipids-dependent protein kinase. It is predominantly expressed in epithelial tissues
and has been shown to reside specifically in the cell nucleus. This protein kinase can regulate keratinocyte
differentiation by activating the MAP kinase MAPK13 (p38delta)-activated protein kinase cascade that targets
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA). It is also found to mediate the transcription activation of the
transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) gene. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KPCL_HUMAN, P24723
Function: Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that is
involved in the regulation of cell differentiation in keratinocytes and pre-B cell receptor, mediates regulation of
epithelial tight junction integrity and foam cell formation, and is required for glioblastoma proliferation and
apoptosis prevention in MCF-7 cells. In keratinocytes, binds and activates the tyrosine kinase FYN, which in turn
blocks epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and leads to keratinocyte growth arrest and differentiation.
Associates with the cyclin CCNE1-CDK2-CDKN1B complex and inhibits CDK2 kinase activity, leading to RB1
dephosphorylation and thereby G1 arrest in keratinocytes. In association with RALA activates actin depolymerization,
which is necessary for keratinocyte differentiation. In the pre-B cell receptor signaling, functions downstream of
BLNK by up-regulating IRF4, which in turn activates L chain gene rearrangement. Regulates epithelial tight junctions
(TJs) by phosphorylating occludin (OCLN) on threonine residues, which is necessary for the assembly and maintenance of
TJs. In association with PLD2 and via TLR4 signaling, is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RGS2
down-regulation and foam cell formation. Upon PMA stimulation, mediates glioblastoma cell proliferation by activating
the mTOR pathway, the PI3K/AKT pathway and the ERK1-dependent phosphorylation of ELK1. Involved in the protection of
glioblastoma cells from irradiation-induced apoptosis by preventing caspase-9 activation. In camptothecin-treated
MCF-7 cells, regulates NF-kappa-B upstream signaling by activating IKBKB, and confers protection against DNA
damage-induced apoptosis

summary for PRKCH:
Protein kinase C (PKC) refers to a family of serine/threonine protein kinases grouped by their activation
mechanism. Classical or conventional PKCs (cPKC alpha-, betaI- , betaII- and gamma-) are activated by
phosphatidylserine in a calcium dependent manner and can bind diacylglycerol (DAG). The Ca2+ insensitive
novel PKCs (nPKCs epsilon-, delta-, theta- and eta- isotypes) are also activated by DAG and
phosphatidylserine. The atypical PKCs (aPKCs iota- and zeta-) are insensitive to Ca2+, DAG and phorbol
esters. All PKCs isoforms consist of a highly conserved catalytic domain connected to a regulatory domain
via a hinge region. The physiological roles of PKCs are vast. This due to PKC phosphorylation and activation
of multiple target proteins, which are involved in signal transduction pathways including, but not limited
to, receptor desensitization, modulation of membrane structure events, regulation of transcription,
regulation of cell growth, immune responses, and in learning and memory.

Gene Wiki entry for PRKCH


Genomic Views
for PRKCH gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000014.8  NC_018925.1  NT_026437.12  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the PRKCH gene promoter:
         TBP   STAT1   STAT4   STAT1beta   FOXD3   STAT1alpha   TFIID   STAT2   STAT3   ATF   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: PRKCH promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for PRKCH

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat PRKCH


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 14q23.1   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  14q23.1   HGNC cytogenetic band: 14q23.1

PRKCH Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
PRKCH gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 14         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC14P061655:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 61,654,277 bp from pter      End:
 62,017,698 bp from pter
Size:
 363,422 bases      Orientation:
 plus strand

Proteins
for PRKCH gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KPCL_HUMAN, P24723 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Protein kinase C eta type  
Size: 683 amino acids; 77828 Da
Subunit: Interacts with FYN and RALA (By similarity). Interacts with DGKQ
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm (By similarity)
2 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for PRKCH:
2FK9 (3D)        3TXO (3D)    
Secondary accessions: Q16246 Q8NE03

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for PRKCH: NX_P24723

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P24723

    • 4/25 DME Specific Peptides for PRKCH (P24723) (see all 25)
     VNGGDLM  GVLLYEM  DFGMCKE  YIAPEIL 

    PRKCH Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_006246.2  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000451871   ENSP00000452129   ENSP00000452055   ENSP00000451789   ENSP00000451205  
     ENSP00000329127   ENSP00000450981   ENSP00000452588   ENSP00000450959   ENSP00000451793  
     ENSP00000451933   ENSP00000452330   ENSP00000451930   ENSP00000452528  
    Reactome Protein details: P24723
    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
    EMD Millipore Purified and/or Recombinant PRKCH Protein
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    Enzo Life Sciences proteins for PRKCH
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    OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: PRKCH
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    Novus Biologicals PRKCH Proteins
    Novus Biologicals PRKCH Lysates
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
    Browse Proteins at Uscn

    Gene Ontology (GO): 4 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005622intracellular ----
    GO:0005737cytoplasm IDA15632189
    GO:0005829cytosol TAS--
    GO:0005886plasma membrane IDA15632189


    PRKCH for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    PRKCH Antibody Products: 
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    ThermoFisher Antibodies for PRKCH

    Assay Products for PRKCH: 
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    Browse ELISAs and CLIAs at Uscn

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for PRKCH gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    PRKCH for domains           About GeneDecksing

    5/13 InterPro domains/families (see all 13):
     IPR017441 Protein_kinase_ATP_BS
     IPR014376 Prot_kin_PKC_delta
     IPR002290 Ser/Thr_dual-sp_kinase_dom
     IPR020454 DAG/PE-bd
     IPR011009 Kinase-like_dom

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P24723

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P24723

    3 Blocks protein families:
    IPB000008 C2 domain
    IPB000961 Protein kinase C-terminal domain
    IPB002219 Protein kinase C


    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KPCL_HUMAN, P24723
    Domain: The C1 domain, containing the phorbol ester/DAG-type region 1 (C1A) and 2 (C1B), is the diacylglycerol sensor
    and the C2 domain is a non-calcium binding domain
    Similarity: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PKC subfamily
    Similarity: Contains 1 AGC-kinase C-terminal domain
    Similarity: Contains 1 C2 domain
    Similarity: Contains 2 phorbol-ester/DAG-type zinc fingers
    Similarity: Contains 1 protein kinase domain


    Function
    for PRKCH gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KPCL_HUMAN, P24723
    Function: Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that is
    involved in the regulation of cell differentiation in keratinocytes and pre-B cell receptor, mediates regulation of
    epithelial tight junction integrity and foam cell formation, and is required for glioblastoma proliferation and
    apoptosis prevention in MCF-7 cells. In keratinocytes, binds and activates the tyrosine kinase FYN, which in turn
    blocks epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and leads to keratinocyte growth arrest and differentiation.
    Associates with the cyclin CCNE1-CDK2-CDKN1B complex and inhibits CDK2 kinase activity, leading to RB1
    dephosphorylation and thereby G1 arrest in keratinocytes. In association with RALA activates actin depolymerization,
    which is necessary for keratinocyte differentiation. In the pre-B cell receptor signaling, functions downstream of
    BLNK by up-regulating IRF4, which in turn activates L chain gene rearrangement. Regulates epithelial tight junctions
    (TJs) by phosphorylating occludin (OCLN) on threonine residues, which is necessary for the assembly and maintenance of
    TJs. In association with PLD2 and via TLR4 signaling, is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RGS2
    down-regulation and foam cell formation. Upon PMA stimulation, mediates glioblastoma cell proliferation by activating
    the mTOR pathway, the PI3K/AKT pathway and the ERK1-dependent phosphorylation of ELK1. Involved in the protection of
    glioblastoma cells from irradiation-induced apoptosis by preventing caspase-9 activation. In camptothecin-treated
    MCF-7 cells, regulates NF-kappa-B upstream signaling by activating IKBKB, and confers protection against DNA
    damage-induced apoptosis
    Catalytic activity: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein
    Enzyme regulation: Novel PKCs (PRKCD, PRKCE, PRKCH and PRKCQ) are calcium-insensitive, but activated by diacylglycerol
    (DAG) and phosphatidylserine. Three specific sites; Thr-513 (activation loop of the kinase domain), Thr-656 (turn
    motif) and Ser-675 (hydrophobic region), need to be phosphorylated for its full activation

    Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB): EC 2.7.11.131 2 EC 2.7.112

    miRNA
    Products:            		 OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: PRKCH
    Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PRKCH
    6 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PRKCH:
    hsa-miR-187* hsa-miR-27a hsa-miR-513a-5p hsa-miR-944 hsa-miR-24 hsa-miR-27b
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PRKCH 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:            		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PRKCH (see all 6)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: PRKCH
    OriGene siRNA: PRKCH
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PRKCH

    Gene Editing
    Products:    		DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for PRKCH

    Clone
    Products:             		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PRKCH (see all 3)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PRKCH (see all 2)
    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: PRKCH (NM_006255)
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    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PRKCH 

    Cell Line
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    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for PRKCH

    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PRKCH

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/9 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 9):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0004672protein kinase activity ----
    GO:0004674protein serine/threonine kinase activity ----
    GO:0004697protein kinase C activity TAS1986216
    GO:0004699calcium-independent protein kinase C activity IEA--
    GO:0005515protein binding ----


    PRKCH for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    3 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for PRKCH:
     Decreased focal adhesion (FA)   Decreased substrate adherent c  Stronger migration 

    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-outs for PRKCH: Prkchtm1Cda Prkchtm1.2Gasc
         9 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Prkch):
     cellular  growth/size  hematopoietic system  homeostasis/metabolism  immune system 
     integument  mortality/aging  tumorigenesis  vision/eye 

    PRKCH for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    Pathways & Interactions
    for PRKCH gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/66 super-pathways (see all 66) About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1ErbB4 Pathway
    8/11 pathways (see all 11)
    		ErbB4 Pathway1.00
    		Thrombopoietin Pathway0.43
    		ErbB Family Pathway0.59
    		LPS Stimulated MAPK Signaling0.36
    		Prolactin Signaling0.54
    		VEGF Signaling Pathway0.35
    		ErbB2-ErbB3 Heterodimers0.47
    		Growth Hormone Signaling0.32
    2CCR3 Pathway in Eosinophils
    		CCR3 Pathway in Eosinophils1.00
    		CXCR4 Pathway0.39
    		VEGF and S-1P Signaling0.44
    		Alpha-Adrenergic Signaling0.31
    		fMLP Pathway0.43
    		Huntington's Disease Pathway0.18
    3Sweet Taste Signaling
    		Sweet Taste Signaling1.00
    		Bitter Taste Signaling0.44
    		Melatonin Signaling0.72
    		Sperm Motility0.36
    4Activation of cAMP-Dependent PKA
    		Activation of cAMP-Dependent PKA1.00
    		Activation of PKA through GPCR0.71
    		cAMP Pathway0.77
    		PKA Signaling0.56
    5Development VEGF signaling via VEGFR2 - generic cascades
    		Development VEGF signaling via VEGFR2 - generic cascades1.00
    		Development_VEGF signaling and activation0.75
    		Development VEGF signaling and activation0.75
    		Development_VEGF signaling via VEGFR2 - generic cascades0.51

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways

    5/9 EMD Millipore Pathways for PRKCH (see all 9)
        Transcription Transcription factor Tubby signaling pathways
    Development VEGF signaling and activation
    Signal transduction cAMP signaling
    Signal transduction Activation of PKC via G-Protein coupled receptor
    Cell adhesion Gap junctions

    5/77 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for PRKCH (see all 77)
        Telomerase Components in Cell Signaling
    UVB-Induced MAPK Signaling
    Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer
    Intracellular Calcium Signaling
    Visual Cycle in Retinal Rods

    1 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathway for PRKCH
        Ca, cAMP and Lipid Signaling

    2 Tocris Bioscience Pathways for PRKCH
        NF-kappaB Pathway
    VEGF Pathway

    5/8 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for PRKCH (see all 8)
        Signal transduction Erk Interactions- Inhibition of Erk
    Signal transduction Activation of PKC via G-Protein coupled receptor
    Development VEGF signaling via VEGFR2 - generic cascades
    Signal transduction cAMP signaling
    Transcription Transcription factor Tubby signaling pathways

    5/13 BioSystems Pathways for PRKCH (see all 13) 
        Myometrial Relaxation and Contraction Pathways
    G Protein Signaling Pathways
    Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma
    Oncostatin M Signaling Pathway
    Wnt Signaling Pathway

    5/9        Reactome Pathways for PRKCH (see all 9)
        GPCR downstream signaling
    Hemostasis
    Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK
    Signaling by GPCR
    G alpha (z) signalling events

    3 PharmGKB Pathways for PRKCH
        Beta-agonist/Beta-blocker Pathway, Pharmacodynamics
    Proton Pump Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics
    VEGF Signaling Pathway

    2         Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for PRKCH):
        Vascular smooth muscle contraction
    Tight junction


    PRKCH for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for PRKCH

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

    5/53 Interacting proteins for PRKCH (P247232, 3 ENSP000003291274) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 53)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    CDK2P249413, ENSP000002669704I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000266970
    ZBTB8OSQ8IWT03, ENSP000004176774I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000417677
    FYNP062413, ENSP000003576564I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000357656
    ITGB2P051073, ENSP000003032424I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000303242
    PRKD1Q151393, ENSP000003335684I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000333568
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/13 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 13):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006468protein phosphorylation TAS1986216
    GO:0007165signal transduction TAS1986216
    GO:0007596blood coagulation TAS--
    GO:0010744positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation ISS--
    GO:0030168platelet activation TAS--


    PRKCH for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for PRKCH gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    PRKCH for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    EMD Millipore small molecules for PRKCH:
    Small Molecule - inhibitor
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Compounds for PRKCH available from Tocris Bioscience    About this table
    CompoundAction CAS #
    [Glu27]-PKC (19-36)Inactive control peptide for PKC (19-36) (Cat. No. 4058)[309247-49-2]
    Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Protein kinase C activator[37558-16-0]
    GF 109203XProtein kinase C inhibitor[133052-90-1]
    Go 6976Potent protein kinase C inhibitor; selective for alpha and beta isozymes[136194-77-9]
    PKC (19-36)Pseudosubstrate peptide; inhibitor of PKC[113731-96-7]

    10/846 HMDB Compounds for PRKCH (see all 846)    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    ADPadenosindiphosphorsaeure (see all 8)58-64-0--
    Adenosine triphosphate5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) Adenosine (see all 24)56-65-5--
    CalciumCa (see all 2)7440-70-2--
    DG(14:0/14:0/0:0)DAG(14:0/14:0) (see all 9)----
    DG(14:0/14:1(9Z)/0:0)DAG(14:0/14:1) (see all 15)----
    DG(14:0/15:0/0:0)Diacylglycerol(29:0) (see all 9)----
    DG(14:0/16:0/0:0)DAG(30:0) (see all 9)----
    DG(14:0/16:1(9Z)/0:0)DG(30:1) (see all 15)----
    DG(14:0/18:0/0:0)DG(14:0/18:0) (see all 9)----
    DG(14:0/18:1(11Z)/0:0)Diacylglycerol (see all 15)----
    4 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for PRKCH gene    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    cholesterol-sulfate 73.9 3 7819131 (3)
    rapamycin 26.6 1 16832347 (1)
    nitric oxide 12 8 14719189 (2), 9677361 (1), 14732335 (1), 18432406 (1)
    cholesterol 0 1 7819131 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about PRKCH / KPCL 

    Transcripts
    for PRKCH gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for PRKCH gene: 
    NM_006255.3  

    Unigene Cluster for PRKCH:

    Protein kinase C, eta
    Hs.333907  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: BC037268
    18/27 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant (see all 27):
    ENST00000555185 ENST00000557294 ENST00000556778 ENST00000555542 ENST00000555906
    ENST00000554835 ENST00000332981(uc001xfn.3) ENST00000555082(uc010tsa.2 uc010tsb.2)
    ENST00000552875 ENST00000553830 ENST00000553831 ENST00000553726 ENST00000553265
    ENST00000556164 ENST00000557585 ENST00000557473 ENST00000553889 ENST00000557559


    miRNA
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    hsa-miR-187* hsa-miR-27a hsa-miR-513a-5p hsa-miR-944 hsa-miR-24 hsa-miR-27b
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PRKCH 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AB451313.1 AK290183.1 AK296158.1 AK300864.1 BC001000.2 BC037268.1 M55284.1 S74620.1 

    17 DOTS entries:

    DT.456426  DT.120769361  DT.91855416  DT.100023829  DT.100776182  DT.100776206  DT.120769291  DT.101960364 
    DT.120769323  DT.40118116  DT.91742402  DT.92422921  DT.95074397  DT.100728564  DT.101954332  DT.91681972 
    DT.91842861 

    24/138 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 138):

    CB994021 BX388439 BC001000 CA424099 BU608509 BI092035 AA300708 H98873 
    BE018505 CD364756 BX956727 CK430595 CA447451 AI279081 T29494 AI391512 
    BU620154 BM855935 AW082917 BP367689 AA120775 CF126408 BF436095 NM_006255 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5/8 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PRKCH (see all 8)    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5 ^ 6 ^ 7 ^ 8 ^ 9 ^ 10 ^ 11a · 11b ^ 12 ^ 13a · 13b ^ 14 ^ 15 ^ 16 ^ 17 ^ 18a · 18b ^ 19a · 19b
    SP1:        -                                         -                       -     -           -     -     -                                 
    SP2:                                                                                                  -     -                                 
    SP3:                                                                                                                                          
    SP4:                                                                                                        -                                 
    SP5:                                                                                                                                          


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for PRKCH

    Expression
    for PRKCH gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    PRKCH expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: TCAGTGACCA

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    PRKCH expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 8 LifeMap Cells 
    NameCategory
    PureStem™ endothelial progenitor 30-MV2-12 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)Blood, Endothelium
    PureStem™ endothelial Progenitor 30-SM2-3 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)Blood, Endothelium
    PureStem™ endothelial progenitor 30-SM2-1 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)Endothelium
    PureStem™ endothelial progenitor RP1-MV2-18 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)Endothelium
    PureStem™ endothelial progenitor 30-MV2-14 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)Endothelium
    Syncytiotrophoblast-like cells (Generation of syncyt...)
    Definitive endoderm-like cells (A scalable, suspensi...)
    Primordial germ cell-like cells (Reconstitution of mo...)
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization

    See PRKCH Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for PRKCH

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.333907

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KPCL_HUMAN, P24723
    Tissue specificity: Most abundant in lung, less in heart and skin

        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Array including PRKCH: 
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    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
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    Orthologs
    for PRKCH gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

    Orthologs for PRKCH gene from 5/22 species (see all 22)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves PRKCH1 protein kinase C, eta 79.31(n)
    86.45(a)    		   423518  XM_421417.3  XP_421417.3 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia PRKCH6
    		 --
    		 72(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 1(3336202-3390417)
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii prkcha1 protein kinase C, eta, a 66.22(n)
    67.76(a)    		   100144561  NM_001123056.1  NP_001116528.1 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)    		 Insecta Pkc98E3 protein amino acid phosphorylation protein
    serine/threonine more    		 53(a)
    (best of 2)    		   98F6   --
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)    		 Secernentea R12G8.13 Phorbol esters / diacylglycerol binding
    domain more    		 46(a)   V(17750323-17751976)   --


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PRKCH (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for PRKCH (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for PRKCH gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for PRKCH gene
    PRKCQ2  PRKCB2  PRKCI2  PRKCE2  PKN12  PRKCA2  PRKCD2  PRKCZ2  
    PKN32  PRKCG2  PKN22  
    18/102 SIMAP similar genes for PRKCH using alignment to 16 protein entries:     KPCL_HUMAN (see all proteins) (see all similar genes):
    PRKCE    SGK494    PRKCA    PRKD1    RASSF1    PRKCZ
    KIN27    AKT1    AKT3    AKT2    PRKACB    PKN1
    SGK2    PRKCD    PRKCQ    PRKACA    PRKCG    RPS6KA1

    PRKCH for paralogs           About GeneDecksing


    2 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for PRKCH
    PGOHUM00000261855 PGOHUM00000261856


    Genomic Variants
    for PRKCH gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/4544 NCBI SNPs in PRKCH are shown (see all 4544)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 14 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs22305001,2
    		C,F,H,other42087837(+) CAAGAG/ATAAAA 2 /I /V mis112Minor allele frequency- A:0.01MN NS EA NA EU 6953
    rs1128189611,2
    		C,--41950774(+) GTTGTG/TGCTGG 1 -- us2k12Minor allele frequency- T:0.08NA 122
    rs1138898071,2
    		F--41951942(+) GGCGCG/CGCGCG 1 -- ut512Minor allele frequency- C:0.50CSA 4
    rs116223271,2
    		C,A,H,--41951989(+) GGGCTA/CGGCGG 1 -- ut51 ese31Minor allele frequency- C:0.00NA 2
    rs1144166171,2
    		C,F,--41952023(+) GGGAGG/AGAGGG 1 -- ut512Minor allele frequency- A:0.05WA EA 238
    rs19519641,2
    		C,F,--41952130(+) CTGTCC/GCGAGG 1 -- ut51 ese32Minor allele frequency- G:0.12EA 1616
    rs795496801,2
    		C,--41952702(+) TTGGTC/TTTCGT 1 -- int12Minor allele frequency- T:0.06WA 120
    rs796612191,2
    		--41952884(+) AGCTCA/CAACTT 1 -- int10--------
    rs113388211,2
    		C,--41953105(+) CAGGGA/-AATGA 1 -- int13Minor allele frequency- -:0.17NA CSA 6
    rs99891721,2
    		C,F,H,--41953134(+) TGGCAG/ATTTTA 1 -- int17Minor allele frequency- A:0.09NS EA NA CSA WA 540

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for PRKCH (61654277 - 61904277 bp, first 250kb of PRKCH)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 8 variations for PRKCH
         8 CNVs: 49384 87236 49386 49385 87237 38305 76652 76653
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): PRKCH

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    Disorders / Diseases
    for PRKCH gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    PRKCH for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 605437   
    OMIM disorders: 601367  
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KPCL_HUMAN, P24723
  • Defects in PRKCH may be a cause of susceptibility to ischemic stroke (ISCHSTR) [MIM:601367]; also known as
    • cerebrovascular accident or cerebral infarction. A stroke is an acute neurologic event leading to death of neural
    tissue of the brain and resulting in loss of motor, sensory and/or cognitive function. Ischemic strokes, resulting
    from vascular occlusion, is considered to be a highly complex disease consisting of a group of heterogeneous disorders
    with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors

    20/26 diseases for PRKCH (see all 26):    About MalaCards
    middle ear cholesteatoma    myofibrillar myopathy    cerebral infarction    cerebrovascular accident
    cholesteatoma    hearing loss    rheumatoid arthritis    cerebral hemorrhage
    renal cell carcinoma    cerebritis    squamous cell carcinoma    cerebrovascular disease
    hodgkin's lymphoma    myopathy    arthritis    glioblastoma
    osteoporosis    hepatocellular carcinoma    carcinoma    cholesterol

    3 Novoseek disease relationships for PRKCH gene    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    glioblastoma 48.5 4 11772428 (1), 15489897 (1), 17146445 (1), 16832347 (1)
    rheumatoid arthritis 3 1 17195206 (1)
    tumors 0 1 11112424 (1)

    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: PRKCH (13 documents)

    Export disorders for PRKCH gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for PRKCH gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for PRKCH gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 129):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with PRKCH)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Isolation and characterization of PKC-L, a new member of the protein kinase C-related gene family specifically expressed in lung, skin, and heart. (PubMed id 1545821)1, 2, 3 Bacher N....Livneh E. (1992)
    2. Isolation and characterization of PKC-L, a new member of the protein kinase C-related gene family specifically expressed in lung, skin, and heart. (PubMed id 1986216)1, 2, 3 Bacher N.... Livneh E. (1991)
    3. A nonsynonymous SNP in PRKCH (protein kinase C eta) increases the risk of cerebral infarction. (PubMed id 17206144)1, 2, 9 Kubo M.... Kiyohara Y. (2007)
    4. The protein kinase C-eta isoform induces proliferation in glioblastoma cell lines through an ERK/Elk-1 pathway. (PubMed id 17146445)1, 2, 9 Uht R.M....Hussaini I.M. (2007)
    5. Protein kinase C-eta regulates resistance to UV- and gamma-irradiation-induced apoptosis in glioblastoma cells by preventing caspase-9 activation. (PubMed id 11772428)1, 2, 9 Hussaini I.M....Vandenberg S.R. (2002)
    6. PKC-eta mediates glioblastoma cell proliferation through the Akt and mTOR signaling pathways. (PubMed id 15489897)1, 2, 9 Aeder S.E....Hussaini I.M. (2004)
    7. Protein kinase C? activates NF-?B in response to camptothecin-induced DNA damage. (PubMed id 21820409)1, 2 Raveh-Amit H.... Livneh E. (2011)
    8. PKC eta regulates occludin phosphorylation and epithelial tight junction integrity. (PubMed id 19114660)1, 2 Suzuki T....Rao R. (2009)
    9. PKC eta directs induction of IRF-4 expression and Ig kappa gene rearrangement in pre-BCR signaling pathway. (PubMed id 18780722)1, 2 Oda A....Kitamura D. (2008)
    10. Translocation of diacylglycerol kinase theta from cytosol to plasma membrane in response to activation of G protein-coupled receptors and protein kinase C. (PubMed id 15632189)1, 2 van Baal J.... van Blitterswijk W.J. (2005)

    External Searches for PRKCH gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing PRKCH gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 5583 HGNC: 9403 AceView: PRKCH Ensembl:ENSG00000027075 euGenes: HUgn5583
    ECgene: PRKCH Kegg: 5583 H-InvDB: PRKCH

    Other Databases showing PRKCH gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing PRKCH gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for PRKCH Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for PRKCH Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

    Intellectual Property
    for PRKCH gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for PRKCH gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving PRKCH

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



    Products
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    About This Section

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