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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

PRKAA2 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 68
GCID: GC01P057027

protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit


(Previous symbol: PRKAA)
 Explore 49 diseases affiliated with
PRKAA2 via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for PRKAA2    

Aliases
for PRKAA2 gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Protein Kinase, AMP-Activated, Alpha 2 Catalytic Subunit1 2     HMGCR Kinase2 3
AMPK1 2 3 5     EC 2.7.11.13 8
AMPKa21 2     5'-AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunit Alpha-22
PRKAA1 2     5'-AMP-Activated Protein Kinase, Catalytic Alpha-2 Chain2
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Kinase2 3     AMPK-Alpha-2 Chain2
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Kinase2 3     EC 2.7.11.273
AMPK22 3     EC 2.7.11.313
ACACA Kinase2 3     EC 2.7.118
AMPK Subunit Alpha-22 3     

External Ids:    HGNC: 93771   Entrez Gene: 55632   Ensembl: ENSG000001624097   OMIM: 6004975   UniProtKB: P546463   

Export aliases for PRKAA2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC01P056025 GC01P056468 GC01P056480 GC01P056823 GC01P055223


Summaries
for PRKAA2 gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for PRKAA2:
The protein encoded by this gene is a catalytic subunit of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a
heterotrimer consisting of an alpha catalytic subunit, and non-catalytic beta and gamma subunits. AMPK is an important
energy-sensing enzyme that monitors cellular energy status. In response to cellular metabolic stresses, AMPK is
activated, and thus phosphorylates and inactivates acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and beta-hydroxy
beta-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), key enzymes involved in regulating de novo biosynthesis of fatty acid and
cholesterol. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggest that this catalytic subunit may control whole-body insulin
sensitivity and is necessary for maintaining myocardial energy homeostasis during ischemia. (provided by RefSeq, Jul
2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AAPK2_HUMAN, P54646
Function: Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key
role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates
energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid
biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and
by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts as a regulator of cellular polarity
by remodeling the actin cytoskeleton; probably by indirectly activating myosin. Regulates lipid synthesis by
phosphorylating and inactivating lipid metabolic enzymes such as ACACA, ACACB, GYS1, HMGCR and LIPE; regulates fatty
acid and cholesterol synthesis by phosphorylating acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACACA and ACACB) and hormone-sensitive
lipase (LIPE) enzymes, respectively. Regulates insulin-signaling and glycolysis by phosphorylating IRS1, PFKFB2 and
PFKFB3. AMPK stimulates glucose uptake in muscle by increasing the translocation of the glucose transporter
SLC2A4/GLUT4 to the plasma membrane, possibly by mediating phosphorylation of TBC1D4/AS160. Regulates transcription
and chromatin structure by phosphorylating transcription regulators involved in energy metabolism such as CRTC2/TORC2,
FOXO3, histone H2B, HDAC5, MEF2C, MLXIPL/ChREBP, EP300, HNF4A, p53/TP53, SREBF1, SREBF2 and PPARGC1A. Acts as a key
regulator of glucose homeostasis in liver by phosphorylating CRTC2/TORC2, leading to CRTC2/TORC2 sequestration in the
cytoplasm. In response to stress, phosphorylates 'Ser-36' of histone H2B (H2BS36ph), leading to promote transcription.
Acts as a key regulator of cell growth and proliferation by phosphorylating TSC2, RPTOR and ATG1: in response to
nutrient limitation, negatively regulates the mTORC1 complex by phosphorylating RPTOR component of the mTORC1 complex
and by phosphorylating and activating TSC2. In response to nutrient limitation, promotes autophagy by phosphorylating
and activating ULK1. AMPK also acts as a regulator of circadian rhythm by mediating phosphorylation of CRY1, leading
to destabilize it. May regulate the Wnt signaling pathway by phosphorylating CTNNB1, leading to stabilize it. Also
phosphorylates CFTR, EEF2K, KLC1, NOS3 and SLC12A1

summary for PRKAA2:
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterodimeric protein serine/threonine kinase that is composed of
alpha- (catalytic) and beta/gamma- (regulatory) subunits. AMPK acts as a sensor of the energy status of
cells and ensures survival at times of metabolic stress. AMPK phosphorylates many metabolic enzymes to
stimulate catabolic pathways, such as ketogenesis, and inhibit anabolic pathways, such as protein synthesis.
The long-term activation of AMPK increases the capacity of cells to produce ATP. AMPK is regulated by
phosphorylation at the Thr-172 residue of the alpha-subunit by AMPKK and by phosphorylation by
calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-beta (CamKKbeta). In addition, the ratio of AMP:ATP mediates
allosteric activation of the enzyme. AMPK is found throughout the body with high concentrations in
metabolically active tissues such as the skeletal muscles and liver.

Gene Wiki entry for PRKAA2


Genomic Views
for PRKAA2 gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000001.10  NC_018912.1  NT_032977.9  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the PRKAA2 gene promoter:
         Nkx3-1 v2   Nkx3-1   FOXI1   HFH-3   Nkx3-1 v4   HFH-1   Nkx3-1 v3   Nkx3-1 v1   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: PRKAA2 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for PRKAA2

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat PRKAA2


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 1p31   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  1p32.2   HGNC cytogenetic band: 1p31

PRKAA2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
PRKAA2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 1         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC01P057027:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 57,110,990 bp from pter      End:
 57,181,008 bp from pter
Size:
 70,019 bases      Orientation:
 plus strand

Proteins
for PRKAA2 gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AAPK2_HUMAN, P54646 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2  
Size: 552 amino acids; 62320 Da
Cofactor: Magnesium (By similarity)
Subunit: AMPK is a heterotrimer of an alpha catalytic subunit (PRKAA1 or PRKAA2), a beta (PRKAB1 or PRKAB2) and a gamma
non-catalytic subunits (PRKAG1, PRKAG2 or PRKAG3). Interacts with FNIP1 and FNIP2
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm (By similarity). Nucleus. Note=In response to stress, recruited by p53/TP53 to specific
promoters
3 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for PRKAA2:
2H6D (3D)        2YZA (3D)        3AQV (3D)    
Secondary accessions: Q9H1E8 Q9UD43

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for PRKAA2: NX_P54646

Post-translational modifications:

  • Ubiquitinated (By similarity)1
  • Phosphorylated at Thr-172 by STK11/LKB1 in complex with STE20-related adapter-alpha (STRADA) pseudo kinase and CAB39.
    • Also phosphorylated at Thr-172 by CAMKK2; triggered by a rise in intracellular calcium ions, without detectable
    changes in the AMP/ATP ratio. CAMKK1 can also phosphorylate Thr-172, but at much lower level. Dephosphorylated by
    protein phosphatase 2A and 2C (PP2A and PP2C). Phosphorylated by ULK1; leading to negatively regulate AMPK activity
    and suggesting the existence of a regulatory feedback loop between ULK1 and AMPK1
  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P54646

    • 4/28 DME Specific Peptides for PRKAA2 (P54646) (see all 28)
     VVHRDLK  KRATIKD  HPHIIKL  KMSLQLY 

    PRKAA2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_006243.2  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000360290  
    Reactome Protein details: P54646
    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
    EMD Millipore Purified and/or Recombinant PRKAA2 Protein
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    Novus Biologicals PRKAA2 Proteins
    Novus Biologicals PRKAA2 Lysates
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
    Browse Proteins at Uscn

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/7 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 7):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005634nucleus ----
    GO:0005654nucleoplasm TAS--
    GO:0005737cytoplasm ----
    GO:0005829cytosol TAS--
    GO:0016324apical plasma membrane ----


    PRKAA2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    PRKAA2 Antibody Products: 
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    Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
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    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for PRKAA2 gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    PRKAA2 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    5 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR017441 Protein_kinase_ATP_BS
     IPR002290 Ser/Thr_dual-sp_kinase_dom
     IPR011009 Kinase-like_dom
     IPR008271 Ser/Thr_kinase_AS
     IPR000719 Prot_kinase_cat_dom

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P54646

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P54646

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AAPK2_HUMAN, P54646
    Domain: The AIS (autoinhibitory sequence) region some sequence similarity with the ubiquitin-associated domains and
    represses kinase activity
    Similarity: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. SNF1 subfamily
    Similarity: Contains 1 protein kinase domain


    Function
    for PRKAA2 gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AAPK2_HUMAN, P54646
    Function: Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key
    role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates
    energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid
    biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and
    by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts as a regulator of cellular polarity
    by remodeling the actin cytoskeleton; probably by indirectly activating myosin. Regulates lipid synthesis by
    phosphorylating and inactivating lipid metabolic enzymes such as ACACA, ACACB, GYS1, HMGCR and LIPE; regulates fatty
    acid and cholesterol synthesis by phosphorylating acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACACA and ACACB) and hormone-sensitive
    lipase (LIPE) enzymes, respectively. Regulates insulin-signaling and glycolysis by phosphorylating IRS1, PFKFB2 and
    PFKFB3. AMPK stimulates glucose uptake in muscle by increasing the translocation of the glucose transporter
    SLC2A4/GLUT4 to the plasma membrane, possibly by mediating phosphorylation of TBC1D4/AS160. Regulates transcription
    and chromatin structure by phosphorylating transcription regulators involved in energy metabolism such as CRTC2/TORC2,
    FOXO3, histone H2B, HDAC5, MEF2C, MLXIPL/ChREBP, EP300, HNF4A, p53/TP53, SREBF1, SREBF2 and PPARGC1A. Acts as a key
    regulator of glucose homeostasis in liver by phosphorylating CRTC2/TORC2, leading to CRTC2/TORC2 sequestration in the
    cytoplasm. In response to stress, phosphorylates 'Ser-36' of histone H2B (H2BS36ph), leading to promote transcription.
    Acts as a key regulator of cell growth and proliferation by phosphorylating TSC2, RPTOR and ATG1: in response to
    nutrient limitation, negatively regulates the mTORC1 complex by phosphorylating RPTOR component of the mTORC1 complex
    and by phosphorylating and activating TSC2. In response to nutrient limitation, promotes autophagy by phosphorylating
    and activating ULK1. AMPK also acts as a regulator of circadian rhythm by mediating phosphorylation of CRY1, leading
    to destabilize it. May regulate the Wnt signaling pathway by phosphorylating CTNNB1, leading to stabilize it. Also
    phosphorylates CFTR, EEF2K, KLC1, NOS3 and SLC12A1
    Catalytic activity: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein
    Catalytic activity: ATP + [hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] = ADP + [hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase
    (NADPH)] phosphate
    Catalytic activity: ATP + [acetyl-CoA carboxylase] = ADP + [acetyl-CoA carboxylase] phosphate
    Enzyme regulation: Activated by phosphorylation on Thr-172. Binding of AMP to non-catalytic gamma subunit (PRKAG1,
    PRKAG2 or PRKAG3) results in allosteric activation, inducing phosphorylation on Thr-172. AMP-binding to gamma subunit
    also sustains activity by preventing dephosphorylation of Thr-172. ADP also stimulates Thr-172 phosphorylation,
    without stimulating already phosphorylated AMPK. ATP promotes dephosphorylation of Thr-172, rendering the enzyme
    inactive. Under physiological conditions AMPK mainly exists in its inactive form in complex with ATP, which is much
    more abundant than AMP. AMPK is activated by antihyperglycemic drug metformin, a drug prescribed to patients with type
    2 diabetes: in vivo, metformin seems to mainly inhibit liver gluconeogenesis. However, metformin can be used to
    activate AMPK in muscle and other cells in culture or ex vivo (PubMed:11602624). Selectively inhibited by compound C
    (6-[4-(2-Piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-phenyl)]-3-pyridin-4-yl-pyyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidine. Activated by resveratrol, a
    natural polyphenol present in red wine, and S17834, a synthetic polyphenol. Salicylate/aspirin directly activates
    kinase activity, primarily by inhibiting Thr-172 dephosphorylation

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for PRKAA2:
    protein kinase,cAMP-activated,alpha 2 catalytic subunit,involved in fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism,expressed in
    skeletal muscle,complexing with beta 2 and gamma 1subunits

    Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB): EC 2.7.11.11 2 EC 2.7.112 EC 2.7.11.271 EC 2.7.11.311

    miRNA
    Products:            		 OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: PRKAA2
    Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PRKAA2
    8/90 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PRKAA2 (see all 90):
    hsa-miR-579 hsa-miR-607 hsa-miR-3938 hsa-miR-219-5p hsa-miR-409-5p hsa-miR-29a* hsa-miR-2113 hsa-miR-130b
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PRKAA2 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
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    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PRKAA2 (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: PRKAA2
    OriGene siRNA: PRKAA2
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PRKAA2

    Gene Editing
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    Clone
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    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PRKAA2 (see all 2)
    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
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    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PRKAA2 

    Cell Line
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    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for PRKAA2

    In Situ Assay
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    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/11 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 11):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0003682chromatin binding ISS--
    GO:0004672protein kinase activity TAS7959015
    GO:0004674protein serine/threonine kinase activity ISS--
    GO:0004679AMP-activated protein kinase activity IDA18439900
    GO:0005515protein binding IPI--


    PRKAA2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    3 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for PRKAA2:
     Decreased cilium length after   Decreased mitotic index  Increased viability with TRAIL 

    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-out Prkaa2tm1.1Vio for PRKAA2
         10 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 3 alleles) (MGI details for Prkaa2):
     adipose tissue  behavior/neurological  cellular  endocrine/exocrine gland  growth/size 
     hematopoietic system  homeostasis/metabolism  muscle  nervous system  renal/urinary system 

    PRKAA2 for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    Pathways & Interactions
    for PRKAA2 gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/28 super-pathways (see all 28) About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1IRS-related events
    		IRS-related events1.00
    		Signaling by Type 1 Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R)0.90
    		IRS-mediated signalling0.98
    		IGF1R signaling cascade0.90
    		Insulin receptor signalling cascade0.94
    		PI3K Cascade0.84
    		IRS-related events triggered by IGF1R0.93
    		Signaling by Insulin receptor0.74
    2Development_Leptin signaling via PI3K-dependent pathway
    		Development_Leptin signaling via PI3K-dependent pathway1.00
    		Adipocytokine signaling pathway0.29
    		Development Leptin signaling via PI3K-dependent pathway1.00
    3Energy dependent regulation of mTOR by LKB1-AMPK
    		Energy dependent regulation of mTOR by LKB1-AMPK1.00
    		Regulation of Rheb GTPase activity by AMPK0.59
    		Regulation of AMPK activity via LKB10.82
    4mTOR signalling
    		mTOR signalling1.00
    		TOR signaling0.33
    		PKB-mediated events0.96
    5Membrane Trafficking
    		Membrane Trafficking1.00
    		Translocation of GLUT4 to the Plasma Membrane0.32

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways

    1 EMD Millipore Pathway for PRKAA2
        Development Leptin signaling via PI3K-dependent pathway

    1 R&D Systems Pathway for PRKAA2
        Adipocytokines & Insulin Signaling

    5 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for PRKAA2
        AMPK Enzyme Complex Pathway
    eNOS Signaling
    Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer
    PGC1Alpha Pathway
    mTOR Pathway

    1 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathway for PRKAA2
        Glucose / Energy Metabolism

    1 Tocris Bioscience Pathway for PRKAA2
        mTOR Pathway

    1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathway for PRKAA2
        Development Leptin signaling via PI3K-dependent pathway

    5/6 BioSystems Pathways for PRKAA2 (see all 6) 
        TOR signaling
    AMPK signaling
    Insulin Signaling
    Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway
    Energy Metabolism

    5/22        Reactome Pathways for PRKAA2 (see all 22)
        Membrane Trafficking
    Metabolism
    Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism
    IRS-related events
    IRS-mediated signalling

    2 PharmGKB Pathways for PRKAA2
        Diuretics Pathway, Pharmacodynamics
    Metformin Pathway, Pharmacodynamic

    5         Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for PRKAA2):
        Regulation of autophagy
    mTOR signaling pathway
    Insulin signaling pathway
    Adipocytokine signaling pathway
    Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)


    PRKAA2 for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for PRKAA2

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

    5/430 Interacting proteins for PRKAA2 (P546462, 3 ENSP000003602904) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 430)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    PPM1EQ8WY542, 3, ENSP000003124114MINT-8288075 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000312411
    PRKAA1Q131312, 3, ENSP000003461484MINT-8288084 MINT-8288092 I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000346148
    PPM1FP495932, ENSP000002632124MINT-8288084 MINT-8288092 STRING: ENSP00000263212
    CAMKK2Q96RR43, ENSP000003127414I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000312741
    PRKAB2O437413, ENSP000002541014I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000254101
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/35 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 35):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006112energy reserve metabolic process TAS--
    GO:0006351transcription, DNA-dependent IEA--
    GO:0006355regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent IEA--
    GO:0006468protein phosphorylation TAS7959015
    GO:0006633fatty acid biosynthetic process IEA--


    PRKAA2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for PRKAA2 gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    PRKAA2 for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    EMD Millipore small molecules for PRKAA2:
    Small Molecule - inhibitor
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Compounds for PRKAA2 available from Tocris Bioscience    About this table
    CompoundAction CAS #
    Dorsomorphin dihydrochloridePotent and selective AMPK inhibitor[1219168-18-9]
    Metformin hydrochlorideActivator of LKB1/AMPK; antidiabetic agent[1115-70-4]
    SAMS PeptideAMP-activated protein kinase substrate[125911-68-4]
    AICARAMPK activator[2627-69-2]
    PT 1AMPK activator[331002-70-1]

    4 HMDB Compounds for PRKAA2    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    ADPadenosindiphosphorsaeure (see all 8)58-64-0--
    Adenosine triphosphate5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) Adenosine (see all 24)56-65-5--
    CalciumCa (see all 2)7440-70-2--
    MagnesiumMagnesium (see all 2)7439-95-4--
    10/56 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for PRKAA2 gene (see all 56)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    acetyl-coa 81.7 62 17116771 (2), 20110356 (2), 19710915 (2), 19560442 (2) (see all 36)
    acadesine 79.4 16 14511394 (2), 12654334 (2), 9781330 (1), 11509493 (1) (see all 12)
    metformin 77.5 95 18250273 (8), 15371448 (5), 18256928 (4), 19046439 (4) (see all 34)
    glycogen 73 77 19117544 (4), 19245651 (4), 17597581 (3), 18757479 (2) (see all 43)
    phenformin 71 7 14511394 (2), 17135357 (1), 18387000 (1), 20188727 (1) (see all 6)
    aicar 70.2 14 18723760 (3), 15356065 (2), 19617399 (1), 12869384 (1) (see all 8)
    rapamycin 69.6 24 19245654 (2), 16885148 (1), 17028174 (1), 16763896 (1) (see all 22)
    malonyl-coa 69.5 4 16642960 (2), 12392882 (1)
    glucose 69.1 185 16489105 (6), 15640157 (4), 19570894 (4), 19073152 (4) (see all 91)
    fatty acid 68.7 99 15769985 (5), 19560442 (5), 15356065 (5), 16644805 (5) (see all 45)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about PRKAA2 / AAPK2 

    Transcripts
    for PRKAA2 gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for PRKAA2 gene: 
    NM_006252.3  

    Unigene Cluster for PRKAA2:

    Protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit
    Hs.437039  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_006252
    1 Ensembl transcript including schematic representation, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000371244(uc001cyk.4)

    miRNA
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    8/90 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PRKAA2 (see all 90):
    hsa-miR-579 hsa-miR-607 hsa-miR-3938 hsa-miR-219-5p hsa-miR-409-5p hsa-miR-29a* hsa-miR-2113 hsa-miR-130b
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PRKAA2 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AK314011.1 BC043195.2 BC069680.1 BC069740.1 BC069823.1 EF056019.1 U06454.1 

    4 DOTS entries:

    DT.409374  DT.100683976  DT.75100717  DT.311595 

    24/33 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 33):

    AI799424 AL710110 AL598071 BQ188933 NM_006252 AI262125 BX096772 AI702885 
    CK300298 AW511298 AW341535 BM929271 AL600529 BM683267 AW341602 BG433894 
    CF552084 BC069823 BE780751 BX500298 BC069680 BC069740 AL596556 AL713117 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure


    Expression
    for PRKAA2 gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    PRKAA2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: TATGCTTAAA

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    PRKAA2 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    1 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartment/Cell 
    Tissue Anatomical Compartment CellCategory (developmental path)
    TestisSeminiferous TubulesSertoli cellsTestis
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization

    See PRKAA2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for PRKAA2

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.437039
        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including PRKAA2: 
              mTOR Signaling in human mouse rat
              Fatty Acid Metabolism in human mouse rat
              Lipoprotein Signaling & Cholesterol Metabolism in human mouse rat

    Primer
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    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
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    Orthologs
    for PRKAA2 gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

    Orthologs for PRKAA2 gene from 8/33 species (see all 33)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves PRKAA21 protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit 79.64(n)
    94.36(a)    		   429110  NM_001039605.1  NP_001034694.1 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia PRKAA26
    		 --
    		 94(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 4(103297479-103311408)
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii prkaa21 protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit 75.39(n)
    89.82(a)    		   572074  XM_695739.4  XP_700831.4 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)    		 Insecta CG31053
    SNF1A1    		 protein amino acid phosphorylation protein
    kinase3
    SNF1A/AMP-activated protein kinase1    		 30(a)3
    59.97(n)1
    69.4(a)1    		   60A163
    439041  NM_206604.11  NP_996327.11 
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)    		 Secernentea T01C8.1a3
    aak-21    		 ser/thr-protein kinase3
    Protein AAK-21    		 57(a)
    (best of 5)3
    58.33(n)1
    62.78(a)1    		   X(16830550-16833650)3
    1817271  NM_078310.41  NP_510711.21 
    baker's yeast
    (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)    		 Saccharomycetes SNF1(YDR477W)4
    SNF11    		 AMP-activated serine/threonine protein kinase found more4
    Snf1p1    		 54.91(n)1
    51.56(a)1    		   4(1412373-1414274)4
    8520881, 4  NP_010765.31  NP_010765.14 
    thale cress
    (Arabidopsis thaliana)    		 eudicotyledons ATKIN116
    SnRK1.36
    (see all 3)    		 SNF1-related protein kinase 1.3
    (see all 3)    		 45(a)
    44(a)
    (see all 3)    		 many ↔ many
    many ↔ many
    (see all 3)    		 3(11128625-11132076)
    5(15781907-15784699)
    rice
    (Oryza sativa)    		 Liliopsida Os08g04846001 hypothetical protein 55.58(n)
    54.19(a)    		   4345873  NM_001068618.1  NP_001062083.1 


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PRKAA2 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for PRKAA2 (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for PRKAA2 gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for PRKAA2 gene
    TSSK1B2  HUNK2  TSSK62  TSSK32  PRKAA12  MELK2  TSSK22  TSSK42  
    STK112  
    18/50 SIMAP similar genes for PRKAA2 using alignment to 4 protein entries:     AAPK2_HUMAN (see all proteins) (see all similar genes):
    PRKAA1    MARK1    MARK4    NUAK1    SIK2    CAMK1G
    MELK    KIAA0999    SIK1    PNCK    BRSK1    BRSK2
    KIN27    NIM1    Par1b    STK11    STK17A    TSSK3

    PRKAA2 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    Genomic Variants
    for PRKAA2 gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/1190 NCBI SNPs in PRKAA2 are shown (see all 1190)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 1 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs1425104361,2
    		--57109038(+) ACAGTC/TAGTCT 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1867199041,2
    		--57109163(+) TCTTTC/TCTTAC 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs107890371,2
    		C,H,--57109177(+) CTTGAA/CTACTG 1 -- us2k112Minor allele frequency- C:0.00NA WA CSA 256
    rs1509330681,2
    		--57109222(+) CAAAAA/GTAACT 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1920813361,2
    		--57109249(+) TTGCCA/GGCGAG 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1407500141,2
    		--57109411(+) TTTGAA/CATTTC 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1130224841,2
    		--57109439(+) AGAAAG/ACAAAG 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- A:0.50CSA 2
    rs1384479621,2
    		--57109462(+) CTATTA/CTTTTT 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1425210631,2
    		--57109564(+) ATAAAA/TGTTTG 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs120680131,2
    		C,F,--57109601(+) ACAGAA/TTTTTT 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- T:0.07WA 118

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for PRKAA2 (57110990 - 57181008 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
          Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for PRKAA2: --
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): PRKAA2

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    Disorders / Diseases
    for PRKAA2 gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    PRKAA2 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 600497    OMIM disorders: --

    20/49 diseases for PRKAA2 (see all 49):    About MalaCards
    wolff-parkinson-white syndrome    peutz-jeghers syndrome    ischemia    cholesterol
    type 2 diabetes mellitus    glycogen storage disease    hypertrophic cardiomyopathy    familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
    aromatase deficiency    tuberous sclerosis    polycystic ovary syndrome    insulin resistance
    metabolic disorders    cystic fibrosis    diabetes mellitus    cardiomyopathy
    cushing's syndrome    myocardial infarction    hyperglycemia    hepatitis c

    10/28 Novoseek disease relationships for PRKAA2 gene (see all 28)    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    peutz-jeghers syndrome 73.3 1 14511394 (1)
    insulin resistance 61.4 21 16604088 (2), 12546685 (2), 15823720 (2), 15371448 (2) (see all 16)
    insulin sensitivity 57.9 21 19073152 (3), 16046303 (2), 18285556 (2), 14532170 (1) (see all 9)
    wolff-parkinson-white syndrome 54.7 5 14519435 (1), 15611370 (1), 16844922 (1), 11371514 (1)
    metabolic disorder 49.1 11 17429005 (1), 19245659 (1), 15787607 (1), 19245657 (1) (see all 9)
    obesity 49 27 18230904 (2), 15788447 (1), 17429005 (1), 19245659 (1) (see all 19)
    cardiac hypertrophy 44.5 8 20005292 (1), 14614828 (1), 19239414 (1), 14729328 (1) (see all 6)
    tuberous sclerosis 41.5 4 17457036 (1), 17690712 (1)
    hyperglycemia 38.1 5 19643547 (1), 20222801 (1), 15371448 (1), 16497986 (1) (see all 5)
    ischemia 33 36 15507450 (6), 12392881 (2), 18719595 (2), 17332438 (2) (see all 17)

    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: PRKAA2 (16 documents)

    Export disorders for PRKAA2 gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for PRKAA2 gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for PRKAA2 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 536):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with PRKAA2)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Characterization and chromosomal localization of the human homologue of a rat AMP-activated protein kinase-encoding gene: a major regulator of lipid metabolism in mammals. (PubMed id 7959015)1, 2, 3, 9 Aguan K.... Sarkar N.H. (1994)
    2. Structural basis for compound C inhibition of the human AMP-activated protein kinase alpha2 subunit kinase domain. (PubMed id 21543851)1, 2 Handa N.... Yokoyama S. (2011)
    3. The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. (PubMed id 16710414)1, 2 Gregory S.G.... Bentley D.R. (2006)
    4. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    5. Physiological modulation of CFTR activity by AMP-activated protein kinase in polarized T84 cells. (PubMed id 12519745)1, 2 Hallows K.R....Foskett J.K. (2003)
    6. TSC2 mediates cellular energy response to control cell growth and survival. (PubMed id 14651849)1, 2 Inoki K....Guan K.L. (2003)
    7. Molecular cloning, expression and chromosomal localisation of human AMP-activated protein kinase. (PubMed id 7988703)1, 2 Beri R.K.... Carey F. (1994)
    8. Increased alpha2 subunit-associated AMPK activity and PRKAG2 cardiomyopathy. (PubMed id 16275868)1, 9 Ahmad F....Seidman J.G. (2005)
    9. AMP-activated protein kinase activity is required for vanadate-induced hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha expression in DU145 cells. (PubMed id 15297373)1, 9 Hwang J.T....Ha J. (2004)
    10. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in endothelial cells is essential for angiogenesis in response to hypoxic stress. (PubMed id 12788940)1, 9 Nagata D....Walsh K. (2003)

    External Searches for PRKAA2 gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing PRKAA2 gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 5563 HGNC: 9377 AceView: PRKAA2 Ensembl:ENSG00000162409 euGenes: HUgn5563
    ECgene: PRKAA2 Kegg: 5563 H-InvDB: PRKAA2

    Other Databases showing PRKAA2 gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing PRKAA2 gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for PRKAA2 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for PRKAA2 Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

    Intellectual Property
    for PRKAA2 gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for PRKAA2 gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving PRKAA2

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



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    About This Section

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     SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids for PRKAA2
     ThermoFisher Antibody for PRKAA2
     Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PRKAA2
           
    GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 19 Mar 2013 - Incrementals: 21 Mar 2013 , 15 Apr 2013 , 26 Apr 2013

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    VWF
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    von Willebrand factor
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