Aliases for PPCS Gene
Aliases for PPCS Gene
External Ids for PPCS Gene
- HGNC: 25686
- Entrez Gene: 79717
- Ensembl: ENSG00000127125
- OMIM: 609853
- UniProtKB: Q9HAB8
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for PPCS Gene
- GC01P042592
- GC01P042694
- GC01P042921
- GC01P041042
Summaries for PPCS Gene
-
Biosynthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) from pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is an essential universal pathway in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. PPCS (EC 6.3.2.5), one of the last enzymes in this pathway, converts phosphopantothenate to phosphopantothenoylcysteine (Daugherty et al., 2002 [PubMed 11923312]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]
GeneCards Summary for PPCS Gene
PPCS (Phosphopantothenoylcysteine Synthetase) is a Protein Coding gene. Among its related pathways are Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors and Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis. GO annotations related to this gene include phosphopantothenate--cysteine ligase activity.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PPCS Gene
-
Catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A from vitamin B5, where cysteine is conjugated to 4-phosphopantothenate to form 4-phosphopantothenoylcysteine.
No data available for CIViC summary , Tocris Summary , Gene Wiki entry , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for PPCS Gene
Genomics for PPCS Gene
Regulatory Elements for PPCS Gene
Enhancers for PPCS Gene
- Elite enhancer and/or Elite enhancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data dump
Enhancers around PPCS on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Location for PPCS Gene
- Chromosome:
- 1
- Start:
- 42,456,117 bp from pter
- End:
- 42,473,385 bp from pter
- Size:
- 17,269 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
Genomic View for PPCS Gene
Genes around PPCS on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 1p34.2 by Ensembl
- 1p34.2 by Entrez Gene
- 1p34.2 by HGNC
PPCS Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for PPCS Gene
Proteins for PPCS Gene
-
Protein details for PPCS Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- Q9HAB8-PPCS_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Phosphopantothenate--cysteine ligase
- Protein Accession:
- Q9HAB8
- Q3KQT2
- Q5VVM0
Protein attributes for PPCS Gene
- Size:
- 311 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 34005 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Homodimer.
- Miscellaneous:
-
- The mammalian enzyme has a preference for ATP over CTP, in contrast to the E.coli ortholog.
- SequenceCaution:
-
- Sequence=BAB13931.1; Type=Frameshift; Positions=282; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
Protein Expression for PPCS Gene
Post-translational modifications for PPCS Gene
Other Protein References for PPCS Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PPCS
- Invitrogen Antibodies for PPCS
- antibodies-online Antibodies for PPCS: See all 8
- GeneTex Gnai1 antibody for PPCS
- GeneTex PPCS antibody for PPCS
Protein Products
- Search Origene for Purified Proteins, MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for PPCS
- Origene Custom Protein Services for PPCS
- Novus Biologicals proteins for PPCS
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for PPCS
- antibodies-online Proteins for PPCS: See all 5
- Search antibodies-online for peptides
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for PPCS
Assay Products
- antibodies-online Kits for PPCS: See all 2
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for PPCS Gene
Domains & Families for PPCS Gene
Protein Domains for PPCS Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for PPCS Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
Q9HAB8- Family:
-
- Belongs to the PPC synthetase family.
No data available for Gene Families for PPCS Gene
Function for PPCS Gene
Molecular function for PPCS Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
- CTP + (R)-4-phosphopantothenate + L-cysteine = CMP + diphosphate + N-((R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl)-L-cysteine.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A from vitamin B5, where cysteine is conjugated to 4-phosphopantothenate to form 4-phosphopantothenoylcysteine.
Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for PPCS Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0004632 | phosphopantothenate--cysteine ligase activity | TAS | -- |
| GO:0016874 | ligase activity | IEA | -- |
Phenotypes for PPCS Gene
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for PPCS:
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for PPCS
-
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for PPCS gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for PPCS gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for PPCS
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PPCS
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PPCS
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for PPCS
miRNA for PPCS Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target PPCS
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for PPCS
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene RNAi, siRNA, and shRNA products in human, mouse, rat for PPCS
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For PPCS
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for PPCS gene
Clone Products
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PPCS
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for PPCS
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for PPCS
-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for PPCS
-
ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for PPCS gene
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for PPCS gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for PPCS gene
No data available for Human Phenotype Ontology , Animal Models , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for PPCS Gene
Localization for PPCS Gene
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| extracellular | 5 |
| cytosol | 5 |
| nucleus | 3 |
| mitochondrion | 2 |
| peroxisome | 1 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005829 | cytosol | TAS | -- |
| GO:0070062 | extracellular exosome | IDA | 23376485 |
No data available for Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PPCS Gene
Pathways & Interactions for PPCS Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors | ||
| 2 | Metabolism |
.37
|
|
| 3 | Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis | ||
Pathways by source for PPCS Gene
1 BioSystems pathway for PPCS Gene
2 KEGG pathways for PPCS Gene
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q9HAB8-PPCS_HUMAN
- Pathway: Cofactor biosynthesis; coenzyme A biosynthesis; CoA from (R)-pantothenate: step 2/5.
Interacting Proteins for PPCS Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0009108 | coenzyme biosynthetic process | TAS | -- |
| GO:0015937 | coenzyme A biosynthetic process | IEA | -- |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for PPCS Gene
Drugs & Compounds for PPCS Gene
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4-Phosphopantothenoylcysteine |
|
7196-09-0 |
|
|||
| D-4'-Phosphopantothenate |
|
|
||||
| pyrophosphate |
|
14000-31-8 |
|
Transcripts for PPCS Gene
mRNA/cDNA for PPCS Gene
- (8) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (6) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (289) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (8) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
Unigene Clusters for PPCS Gene
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PPCS
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PPCS
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for PPCS
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for PPCS
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene RNAi, siRNA, and shRNA products in human, mouse, rat for PPCS
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For PPCS
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for PPCS gene
Clone Products
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PPCS
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for PPCS
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for PPCS
-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
| ExUns: | 1 | ^ | 2a | · | 2b | · | 2c | · | 2d | · | 2e | ^ | 3a | · | 3b | · | 3c | ^ | 4a | · | 4b | · | 4c | · | 4d | · | 4e |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP4: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP5: | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP6: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP7: | - | - |
Expression for PPCS Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
- Intestine (Gastrointestinal Tract)
-
Colon (Gastrointestinal Tract)
-
Prostate (Endocrine System)
-
Thyroid (Endocrine System)
-
Gall Bladder (Hepatobiliary System)
-
Kidney (Urinary System)
-
Adrenal Gland (Endocrine System)
-
Stomach (Gastrointestinal Tract)
-
Adipose (Muscoskeletal System)
This gene is overexpressed in Oral epithelium (7.5).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, MaxQB, and MOPED for PPCS Gene
- Elite partner
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of PPCS Gene:
PPCSSOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for PPCS Gene:
Hs.706662Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for PPCS Gene
- Nervous system(4.8)
- Liver(4.4)
- Lung(2.6)
- Pancreas(2.2)
- Blood(2.1)
- Muscle(2.1)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for PPCS
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PPCS
No data available for mRNA differential expression in normal tissues , mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for PPCS Gene
Orthologs for PPCS Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | PPCS 34 35 |
|
||
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | PPCS 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | PPCS 34 35 |
|
||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Ppcs 34 16 35 |
|
||
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Ppcs 34 |
|
||
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | PPCS 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | PPCS 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | PPCS 34 35 |
|
||
| tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | ppcs 34 |
|
||
| African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | Xl.15423 34 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | ppcs 34 35 |
|
||
| African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) |
Insecta | AgaP_AGAP004311 34 |
|
||
| fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | Ppcs 34 35 |
|
||
| worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | Y71H2AM.6 34 35 |
|
||
| A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii) |
Saccharomycetes | AGOS_AGR391W 34 |
|
||
| K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis) |
Saccharomycetes | KLLA0E08757g 34 |
|
||
| baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) |
Saccharomycetes | CAB2 34 35 37 |
|
||
| thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) |
eudicotyledons | AT5G02080 34 |
|
||
| rice (Oryza sativa) |
Liliopsida | Os08g0176100 34 |
|
||
| bread mold (Neurospora crassa) |
Ascomycetes | NCU09090 34 |
|
||
| fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) |
Schizosaccharomycetes | SPCC4B3.18 34 |
|
||
| sea squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | -- 35 |
|
OneToOne |
- Species where no ortholog for PPCS was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- lizard (Anolis carolinensis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Paralogs for PPCS Gene
Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for PPCS Gene
No data available for Paralogs for PPCS Gene
Variants for PPCS Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 01 pos | Sequence Context | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1000014577 | -- | 42,460,994(+) | CCTAC(A/G)TTTTG | intron-variant, utr-variant-3-prime | |
| rs1000283476 | -- | 42,468,105(+) | ACCTC(A/C)TCCAC | intron-variant | |
| rs1000397799 | -- | 42,467,837(+) | GTCTC(C/T)TTCAA | intron-variant | |
| rs1000445416 | -- | 42,465,585(+) | GTCTT(A/G)AACTC | intron-variant | |
| rs1000546667 | -- | 42,456,445(+) | CCTAG(G/T)GTCAA | upstream-variant-2KB, utr-variant-5-prime |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
38.3% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
0.64;
13.67% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Relevant External Links for PPCS Gene
- SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
- PPCS
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Structural Variations from Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) for PPCS Gene
Disorders for PPCS Gene
Relevant External Links for PPCS
- Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology:
- PPCS
No disorders were found for PPCS Gene.
No data available for MalaCards , UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for PPCS Gene
Publications for PPCS Gene
- Structure of human phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase at 2.3 A resolution. (PMID: 12906824) Manoj N. … Ealick S.E. (Structure 2003) 3 4 22 64
- Complete reconstitution of the human coenzyme A biosynthetic pathway via comparative genomics. (PMID: 11923312) Daugherty M. … Osterman A. (J. Biol. Chem. 2002) 2 3 4 64
- Kinetic characterization of human phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase. (PMID: 19683078) Yao J. … Dotson G.D. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2009) 3 22 64
- The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. (PMID: 16710414) Gregory S.G. … Bentley D.R. (Nature 2006) 3 4 64
- Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PMID: 14702039) Ota T. … Sugano S. (Nat. Genet. 2004) 3 4 64
Products for PPCS Gene
- Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
- Browse R&D Systems for Human Recombinant Proteins
- Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
- Browse Primary Antibodies
- Browse Proteins and Enzymes
- Browse ELISAs
- Browse Activity Assays
- Browse cDNA Clones
- Browse Cell Culture Products
- Browse Cell Selection and Detection Kits
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- Browse OriGene Antibodies
- Custom Antibody Services
- Browse OriGene ELISA Kits
- Custom Assay Services
- Search Origene for Purified Proteins, MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for PPCS
- Origene Custom Protein Services for PPCS
- Origene shRNA, siRNA, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PPCS
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For PPCS
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PPCS
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for PPCS
- OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PPCS
- OriGene ORF clones in human for PPCS
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Browse OriGene miRNA Products For PPCS
- GenScript: Next-day shipping cDNA ORF clone for PPCS in any vector
- GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for PPCS
- GenScript Custom Assay Services for PPCS
- GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for PPCS
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for PPCS
- Design optimal peptide antigens
- CloneReady with Over 120,000 Genes
- Gene Synthesis: Any Gene in Any Vector
- Vector-based siRNA and miRNA, Ready for Transfection
- Gene Mutant Library, Variants up to 10^11
- Plasmid Preparation
- GenScript Custom Peptide Services for PPCS
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PPCS
- Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates
- Browse Sino Biological Proteins
- Sino Biological Antibodies
- Sino Biological ELISA Kits and Pair Sets
- Sino Biological Cell Lysates
- Sino Biological qPCR Primers
- Sino Biological CRO Services for Proteins, Antibodies and Genes
- Sino Biological Transfection Reagents
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PPCS
- Novus Biologicals proteins for PPCS
- Novus Biologicals
- Novus Biologicals Tissue Microarrays
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for PPCS
- Invitrogen Antibodies for PPCS
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
- antibodies-online Antibodies for PPCS: See all 8
- antibodies-online Kits for PPCS: See all 2
- antibodies-online Proteins for PPCS: See all 5
- Search antibodies-online for peptides
- GeneTex Gnai1 antibody for PPCS
- GeneTex PPCS antibody for PPCS
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for PPCS
- ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for PPCS gene
- ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for PPCS gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for PPCS gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for PPCS
- Horizon Cell Lines for PPCS
- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for PPCS
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for PPCS
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for PPCS
- VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
Sources for PPCS Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) UniGene
- (27) AceView
- (28) RNAdb
- (29) ASD
- (30) ECgene
- (31) GeneAnnot
- (32) CGAP SAGE
- (33) SOURCE
- (34) HomoloGene
- (35) PanEnsembl
- (36) euGenes
- (37) SGD
- (38) FlyBase
- (39) WormBase
- (40) Pseudogene
- (41) DGV
- (42) dbSNP
- (43) GenAtlas
- (44) GeneTests
- (45) HGMD
- (46) GAD
- (47) LSDB
- (48) BGMUT
- (49) HuGE
- (50) eBioscience
- (51) Atlas
- (52) Cell Signaling Technology
- (53) GenBank
- (54) H-invDB
- (55) HORDE
- (56) HUGE
- (57) IMGT
- (58) Leiden
- (59) MILLIPORE
- (60) miRBase
- (61) DME
- (62) NCBI
- (63) OriGene
- (64) PubMed
- (65) R&D Systems
- (66) TGDB
- (67) Tocris
- (68) Abcam
- (69) Novus
- (70) ProSpec
- (71) Sino Biological
- (72) GenScript
- (73) Qiagen
- (74) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (75) Enzo Life Sciences
- (76) OCA
- (77) Proteopedia
- (78) MOPED
- (79) SPIRE
- (80) neXtProt
- (81) Reactome
- (82) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (83) fRNAdb
- (84) DISEASES
- (85) SIMAP
- (86) GenomeRNAi
- (87) LifeMap
- (88) miRTarBase
- (89) MalaCards
- (90) Invitrogen
- (91) BitterDB
- (92) Vector BioLabs
- (93) ESI-BIO
- (94) RefSeq
- (95) BioSystems
- (96) MaxQB
- (97) IUPHAR
- (98) BioGPS
- (99) Illumina
- (100) COMPARTMENTS
- (101) HOMER
- (102) PaxDb
- (103) ApexBio
- (104) Addgene
- (105) antibodies-online
- (106) CYP
- (107) NONCODE
- (108) SwitchGear Genomics
- (109) TreeFam
- (110) PathCards
- (111) GeneReviews
- (112) GeneTex
- (113) Taconic Biosciences
- (114) GTEx
- (115) ProteomicsDB
- (116) SCBT
- (117) DGIdb
- (118) ClinicalTrials
- (119) FDA Approved Drugs
- (120) RVIS
- (121) SIGNOR
- (122) diseasecard
- (123) NIH Rare Diseases
- (124) Orphanet
- (125) UMLS
- (126) GTR
- (127) Disease Ontology
- (128) Genetics Home Reference
- (129) MeSH
- (130) MedlinePlus
- (131) CDC
- (132) NINDS
- (133) NCBI Bookshelf
- (134) ClinVar
- (135) Gene Damage Index
- (136) ViGene Biosciences
- (137) HPO
- (138) UDN
- (139) VISTA
- (140) FANTOM5
- (141) ENCODE
- (142) ProSci
- (143) Horizon
- (144) NURSA
- (145) IID
- (146) Cyagen
- (147) VectorBuilder
- (148) SNPedia
- (149) BRCA Exchange
- (150) St John's Lab
- (151) CIViC
- (152) ProteoGenix
- (153) dbSUPER
- (154) TISSUES
- (155) Gene ORGANizer