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PPARGC1B Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 59

GC05P149090
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 beta
(Previous names: peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1, beta )
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database
Services    
(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc , and/or 7Ensembl, 8miRBase)
About This Section

Aliases
ERRL1 2
PERC 1, 2, 3, 5
PGC-1(beta) 2
PGC-1-beta 3
PGC1 3
PGC1B 1, 2, 3, 5
PPARGC-1-beta 3
PPARGC1 3
Descriptions
PGC-1-related estrogen receptor alpha coactivator 2, 3
PPAR-gamma coactivator 1-beta 3
peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma,
coactivator 1, beta 1, 2
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma,
coactivator 1 beta 2
External Ids
HGNC: 300221
Entrez Gene: 1335222
UniProtKB: Q86YN63
Ensembl: ENSG000001558467
Search outside databases for aliases for PPARGC1B gene

Previous GC identifer: GC05P149138

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PRGC2_HUMAN, Q86YN6
Function: Plays a role of stimulator of transcription factors and nuclear receptors activities.
Activates transcritional activity of estrogen receptor alpha, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1)
and glucocorticoid receptor in the presence of glucocorticoids. May play a role in constitutive
non-adrenergic-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis as suggested by increased basal oxygen
consumption and mitochondrial number when overexpressed. May be involved in fat oxidation and
non-oxidative glucose metabolism and in the regulation of energy expenditure

Gene Wiki entry for PPARGC1B

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

Genomic View:
UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

 Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the PPARGC1B gene  

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 5q33.1   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  5q33.1   HGNC cytogenetic band: 5q33.1

PPARGC1B Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 5         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC05P149090:     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
149,090,008 bp from pter
End:
149,207,474 bp from pter
Size:
117,467 bases
Orientation:
plus strand
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000005.8  NT_029289.10  
(According to 1UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to 2Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PRGC2_HUMAN, Q86YN6 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-beta  
Size: 1023 amino acids; 113222 Da
Subunit: Interacts with hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha/HNF4A, Sterol regulatory binding
transcription factor 1/SREBF1, PPAR-alpha/PPARA, thyroid hormone receptor beta/THRB and host cell
factor/HCFC1. Interacts with estrogen-related receptor gamma/ESRRG and alpha/ESRRA (By
similarity). Interacts with estrogen receptor alpha/ESR1
Subcellular location: Nucleus
Secondary accessions: A2RUN0 Q86YN3 Q86YN4 Q86YN5 Q8N1N9 Q8TDE4 Q8TDE5
Alternative splicing: 5 isoforms:  Q86YN6-1   Q86YN6-2   Q86YN6-3   Q86YN6-4   Q86YN6-5   

Post-translational modifications:

  • View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite2


  • REFSEQ proteins: NP_573570.2  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
    ENSP00000384403 ENSP00000312649 ENSP00000353638 ENSP00000377855 ENSP00000385439 


    Human Recombinant Proteins 
    Browse Drug Discovery Central at Invitrogen for human recombinant proteins
    Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
    Browse Human Recombinant Proteins at Sigma-Aldrich  
    Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
    Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
    Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (PGC1 beta)
    Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (PPARGC1B)
                    Browse Origene for full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells 

    2 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (links to tree view):

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0000119 mediator complex IDA11854298
    GO:0005634 nucleus IDA11854298
    About this table

    Antibodies for PPARGC1B: 
    Browse Antibodies Central at Invitrogen
    Browse Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
    Browse Antibodies at Sigma-Aldrich
    R&D Systems Antibodies for PPARGC1B (PGC1 beta)
    Antibodies from Abcam (PGC1 beta), each with their AbpromiseSM
    Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (PPARGC1B)
    Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PPARGC1B

    Assays for PPARGC1B: 
    Browse Invitrogen for biochemical assays
    Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
    Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
    Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    2 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR000504 RRM_RNP1
     IPR012677 a_b_plait_nuc_bd


       GeneDecks  PPARGC1B for the domains selected above  
    About GeneDecksing

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q86YN6

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q86YN6

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB000504 RNA-binding region RNP-1 (RNA recognition motif)

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PRGC2_HUMAN, Q86YN6
    Domain: Contains 2 Leu-Xaa-Xaa-Leu-Leu (LXXLL) motif, which are usually required for the
    association with nuclear receptors (By similarity)
    Similarity: Contains 1 RRM (RNA recognition motif) domain

    (According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
    shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
    RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Inhib.
    RNA:
    Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (PPARGC1B)
    Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
    Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (PPARGC1B)
                  OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_133263

                  Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for PPARGC1B

                  Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for PPARGC1B  
                         Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for PPARGC1B  
                         Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs  

    Clones:Browse Clone Ranger at Invitrogen for clones
    Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore
                  OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_133263
                                     Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_133263
                                     untagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_133263 

    Primers: Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers
                  OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_133263

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PRGC2_HUMAN, Q86YN6
    Function: Plays a role of stimulator of transcription factors and nuclear receptors activities.
    Activates transcritional activity of estrogen receptor alpha, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1)
    and glucocorticoid receptor in the presence of glucocorticoids. May play a role in constitutive
    non-adrenergic-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis as suggested by increased basal oxygen
    consumption and mitochondrial number when overexpressed. May be involved in fat oxidation and
    non-oxidative glucose metabolism and in the regulation of energy expenditure
    Induction: Repressed by saturated fatty acids such as palmitate and stearate in skeletal muscle
    cells. Induced by insulin and reduced by aging in skeletal muscle biopsies. Down-regulated in type
    2 diabetes mellitus subjects as well as in pre-diabetics

    13 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 6 alleles(MGI details for Ppargc1b):

    adipose tissuebehavior/neurologicalcellulargrowth/size
    homeostasis/metabolismlethality-postnatallethality-prenatal/perinatallife span-post-weaning/agingliver/biliary system
    muscleno phenotypic analysisrespiratory system

    5/7 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view) (see all 7 ):

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0000166 nucleotide binding IEA--
    GO:0003723 RNA binding NAS11854298
    GO:0016455 RNA polymerase II transcription mediator activity IDA11854298
    GO:0030331 estrogen receptor binding IDA11854298
    GO:0030374 ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity IDA11854298
    About this table

    (Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
    Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, and/or 3STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section


     Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for  PPARGC1B 


    5/76 Interacting proteins for PPARGC1B (ENSP000003126493) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 76 )
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    PPARGC1AENSP000002648673STRING (score=.931)
    MED12ENSP000003331253STRING (score=.903)
    C19orf2ENSP000003125303STRING (score=.899)
    CDK8ENSP000003709383STRING (score=.899)
    EDF1ENSP000002240733STRING (score=.899)
    About this table

    4 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (links to tree view):

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006350 transcription IEA--
    GO:0006355 regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent IEA--
    GO:0030520 estrogen receptor signaling pathway IDA11854298
    GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter IDA11854298
    About this table
    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
    About This Section

    Enzo Life Sciences drugs & compounds for PPARGC1B
    Browse Small Molecules at Sigma-Aldrich

    Browse Tocris compounds for PPARGC1B
    2 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for PPARGC1B gene
    Compound   Score   Articles   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    fructose 49.59 1 19254570 (1)
    fatty acid 24.26 1 11733490 (1)
    About this table


    (GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
    non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
    ESTs according to GeneTide,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
    siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
    shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
    Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
    About This Section

    Inhib.
    RNA:
    Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (PPARGC1B)
    Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
    Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (PPARGC1B)
                  OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_133263

                  Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for PPARGC1B  
                         Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for PPARGC1B  
                         Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs  

    Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs: 

    NM_133263  

    REFSEQ mRNAs for PPARGC1B gene: 

    NM_133263.2   

    Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays: 

    NM_133263  

                  OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_133263
                                     Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_133263
                                     untagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_133263 

    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AF468496.1 AF468497.1 AK095391.1 AK123614.1 AK123715.1 AY188947.1 AY188948.1 AY188949.1 
    AY188950.1 BC026956.1 BC132971.1 BC132973.1 BC144251.1 

    9 DOTS entries:

    DT.97835483  DT.100752442  DT.100752441  DT.101963476  DT.101957170  DT.40190389  DT.95247975  DT.97770463 
    DT.436919 

    24/34 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 34 ):

    AW811710 AY188948 AK123614 NM_133263 AY188947 AF468496 AF056986 BU955896 
    BM725569 BX283828 AK095391 BM725763 BM720077 AK123715 AF468497 AW236547 
    W70044 AY188949 BU539125 BG829583 BU739891 AY188950 CB962005 CB992747 

    highest scoring ESTs for PPARGC1B:

    AK123614 AK123715 BC026956 AF468496 AF468497 AK095391 AY188947 AY188949 AW149754 AW236547 

    Unigene Cluster for PPARGC1B:

    Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 beta
    Hs.591261  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: AY188950


    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations:
    ENST00000403750  ENST00000309241  ENST00000360453  ENST00000394320  ENST00000401623  
    (Experimental results according to 1GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
    probe sets-to-genes annotations according to 2GeneAnnot , 3GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
    Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
    About This Section

    PPARGC1B expression in normal and diseased human tissues

     Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for PPARGC1B

    1 / 2

    3 probe-sets matching PPARGC1B gene


    Affymetrix
    probe-set
    Array  GeneAnnot data GeneNote data GeneTide data
    # genes Sensitivity Specificity Correlation Length Gb_Accession Consensus Uniqueness Score Rank

    1563943_at2 U133Plus2 1 1.00 1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

    1555282_a_at2 U133Plus2 1 1.00 1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

    1553639_a_at2 U133Plus2 1 0.36 1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
    About this table
    Data from (Publications) and GNF BioGPS
        About these images
    About these images

    CGAP SAGE TAG: GATTTTGACA

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.591261

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PRGC2_HUMAN, Q86YN6
    Tissue specificity: Ubiquitous with higher expression in heart, brain and skeletal muscle

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD and/or 5MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
    About This Section


    Orthologs for PPARGC1B gene from 5/7 species (see all 7 )
    Organism Gene Locus Description Human
    Similarity
    NCBI accessions
    dog
    (Canis familiaris)
    PPARGC1B1   -- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator more 88.56(n)
    86.82(a)
    489190  XM_546308.2  XP_546308.2 
    rat
    (Rattus norvegicus)
    Ppargc1b1   -- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator more 82.1(n)
    78.94(a)
    291567  NM_176075.2  NP_788264.1 
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)
    Ppargc1b1, 5 185
    peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, more1, 5 82.84(n)1
    79.8(a)1
    1708261  NM_133249.21  NP_573512.11 
     AA5443015  AF4533245  (see all 9)
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)
    PPARGC1B1   -- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator more 64.23(n)
    55.64(a)
    416148  XM_414479.2  XP_414479.2 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)
    570419462   --   -- 74.12(n) 368411  57041946 
    About this table        Species with no ortholog for PPARGC1B

    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PPARGC1B
    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene
    and 2Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to 3Pseudogene.org)
    About This Section

    Paralogs for PPARGC1B gene
    PPARGC1A2  PPRC12  

    (According to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
    About This Section

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PRGC2_HUMAN, Q86YN6
    Polymorphism: Variation of PPARGC1B may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity, with a
    widespread Ala-203 allele being a risk factor for the development of this common disorders


    10/731 NCBI SNPs in PPARGC1B are shown (see all 731 )
    (Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay)  (see all 280)
    ABGenomic DataTranscription DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidChr 5 posSequenceRecsAA
    Chg
    TypeMoreRecsAllele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ------------
    rs77326711,2
    A,C,F,H149192436(+) AGAAGG/CCTCCC 1 P/A mis1 ese316Minor allele frequency- C:0.11EU EA WA NA 1468
    rs175720191,2
    C,F,H149192664(+) CCCCGG/ATTTCC 1 I/V mis1 ese315Minor allele frequency- A:0.09NA EU EA WA 1356
    rs119598201,2
    C,F,H149192703(+) TCATAA/CGCTAC 1 R/S mis1 ese312Minor allele frequency- N:0.00EA NA EU WA 1056
    rs325771,2
    A,C,F,H,O149192993(-) GAGNAC/TGGGCG 1 P/P syn1 ese38Minor allele frequency- T:0.09EU EA WA 744
    rs325881,2
    C,F,H,O149180236(-) AGGTCA/GAGTTC 1 L/L syn111Minor allele frequency- G:0.18EU EA WA NA 982
    rs126598621,2
    H149193410(+) ACGGAC/TGAGGA 1 D/D syn1 ese34Minor allele frequency- T:0.00EU EA WA 398
    rs8807701,2
    A,C,F,H,O149135028(+) TAATAA/GGAGGT 1 -- int112Minor allele frequency- G:0.29NA EA MN EU WA 1244
    rs2514641,2
    A,C,F,H,O149176427(-) GTAGGC/GCTTGC 1 -- int111Minor allele frequency- G:0.32EU EA WA NA 976
    rs325821,2
    A,C,F,H,O149185610(-) TTTCTG/TCCATG 1 -- int116Minor allele frequency- T:0.22EU EA WA NA 1474
    rs10301761,2
    A,C,F,H,O149155857(+) AGAACC/TAACAA 1 -- int115Minor allele frequency- T:0.10EU EA WA NA 1400
    About this table

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for PPARGC1B (up to first 250kb)

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    OMIM: 608886   disorders: 601665  

    1 Novoseek disease relationship for PPARGC1B gene

    Disease   Score   Articles   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    obesity 16.50 3 15863669 (2), 17579828 (1)
    About this table

    Human Gene Mutation Database: PPARGC1B
    Genetic Association Database: PPARGC1B
    Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: PPARGC1B (6 documents)

    (Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
    About This Section

      --

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Novoseek, 2HGNC, 3Entrez Gene, 4UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 5UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 6GAD, and/or 7PharmGKB)
    About This Section

    10/34 PubMed articles for PPARGC1B gene (see all 34 ):
    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section

     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Free Text  

      Query String
    PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)
    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section

    Entrez Gene: 133522 HGNC: 30022 AceView: PPARGC1B Ensembl:ENSG00000155846 euGenes: HUgn133522
    ECgene: PPARGC1B H-InvDB: PPARGC1B
    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section

      --
    (According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section

      --
    (Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)
    About This Section

      --
    (Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
    Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
    Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
    About This Section



    Products for PPARGC1B:
     TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays
     TaqMan ® Genotyping Assays
      Free SNP selection tool



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     Predesigned and custom siRNAs for PPARGC1B Browse antibodies at Sigma-Aldrich
     Explore super-pooled esiRNAs Browse proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
     Lentivirus-delivered shRNAs for PPARGC1B Browse small molecules at Sigma-Aldrich
     "Your Favorite Gene" Pathwaysfeedback


      
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     Search www.enzolifesicences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies
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