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PPARD Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 67

GC06P035357
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta
(Previous names: peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, delta )
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database
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Aliases &
Descriptions
for PPARD gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc , and/or 7Ensembl, 8miRBase)
About This Section

  User Feedback
Aliases & Descriptions
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta1 2     Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta2 3
NUC11 2 3 5     Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 22 3
NR1C21 2 3     PPARB2 3
NUCII1 2     PPAR-delta2 3
FAAR1 2     NUCI2 3
peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, delta1 2     PPAR-beta2 3
Nuclear hormone receptor 12 3     MGC39312

External Ids:    HGNC: 92351   Entrez Gene: 54672   Ensembl: ENSG000001120337   UniProtKB: Q031813   

Search outside databases for aliases for PPARD gene

Previous GC identifers: GC06U990097 GC06P035306 GC06P035418

Summaries
for PPARD gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

  User Feedback		 Entrez Gene summary for PPARD:
This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family. PPARs are nuclear hormone
receptors that bind peroxisome proliferators and control the size and number of peroxisomes produced by cells. PPARs
mediate a variety of biological processes, and may be involved in the development of several chronic diseases,
including diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, and cancer. This protein is a potent inhibitor of ligand-induced
transcription activity of PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma. It may function as an integrator of transcription repression and
nuclear receptor signaling. The expression of this gene is found to be elevated in colorectal cancer cells. The
elevated expression can be repressed by adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC), a tumor suppressor protein related to
APC/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Knockout studies in mice suggested the role of this protein in myelination of the
corpus callosum, lipid metabolism, and epidermal cell proliferation. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript
variants. (provided by RefSeq)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARD_HUMAN, Q03181
Function: Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic
drugs and fatty acids. Has a preference for poly-unsaturated fatty acids, such as gamma-linoleic acid and
eicosapentanoic acid. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to promoter elements of target genes. Regulates
the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the acyl-CoA oxidase
gene. Decreases expression of NPC1L1 once activated by a ligand

"" summary for PPARD:
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta), also known as PPARbeta, is a member of the
nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors that heterodimerize with the retinoic X
receptor (RXR) to regulate gene expression. PPARdelta display a ubiquitous expression pattern and is thought
to regulate placental and gut development, fatty acid oxidation, adaptive thermogenesis, control of cell
proliferation and differentiation and tissue repair. The human gene encoding PPARdelta has been localized to
chromosome 6 (6p21.2).

Gene Wiki entry for PPARD (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta)

Genomic Views
for PPARD gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl (release 56), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

  User Feedback		 Regulatory elements:
"" SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the PPARD gene upstream (promoter) region "":
AP-1   C/EBPalpha   PPAR-gamma2   PPAR-gamma1   p300   TBP   C/EBPbeta   STAT5A   STAT1   STAT1alpha   

Epigenetics:
"" SABiosciences Methyl-Profiler DNA Methylation qPCR Primer Assays for PPARD:  ""
MePH08883-2A   

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 6p21.2-p21.1   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  6p21.31   HGNC cytogenetic band: 6p21.2

PPARD Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to "" (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
""

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 6         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC06P035357:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 35,310,335 bp from pter
End:
 35,395,955 bp from pter
Size:
 85,621 bases
Orientation:
 plus strand
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000006.11  NT_007592.15  

Proteins
for PPARD gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to 2Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, and/or Sino Biological,
Biochemical Assays by Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 May 2010 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abnova, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, and/or Epitomics)
About This Section

  User Feedback		 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARD_HUMAN, Q03181 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta  
Size: 441 amino acids; 49903 Da
Subunit: Heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor
Subcellular location: Nucleus
PDB structures from "" and Proteopedia "" :
1GWX (3D) ""    1Y0S (3D) ""    2AWH (3D) ""    2B50 (3D) ""    2BAW (3D) ""    2ENV (3D) ""    2GWX (3D) ""    2J14 (3D) ""    
2Q5G (3D) ""    2ZNP (3D) ""    2ZNQ (3D) ""    3D5F (3D) ""    3DY6 (3D) ""    3ET2 (3D) ""    3GWX (3D) ""    3GZ9 (3D) ""    
Secondary accessions: A8K6J6 B6ZGS1 Q5D1P0 Q7Z5K0 Q9BUD4
Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms:  Q03181-1   Q03181-2   

Post-translational modifications:

  • View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite2


    • REFSEQ proteins (5 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_001165289.1  NP_001165290.1  NP_001165291.1  NP_006229.1  NP_803184.1  


    ENSEMBL proteins: 
    ENSP00000410837 ENSP00000413314 ENSP00000353916 ENSP00000337063 ENSP00000310928 


    Human Recombinant Proteins 
    ""Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
    ""Browse Human Recombinant Proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
    "" Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
    ""Enzo Life Sciences proteins for PPARD
    ""HuPro® and/or Recombinant Proteins from Abnova for PPARD ""
    ""Browse Origene full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells
    ""Novus Biologicals Proteins for PPARD  ""
    Novus Biologicals Lysate for PPARD
    ""Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins  ""

    1 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component term (GO ID links to tree view):

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005634 nucleus NAS11551955
    About this table

    "" PPARD for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Antibodies for PPARD: 
    ""Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of PPARD
    ""Sigma-Aldrich Antibodies for PPARD
    ""R&D Systems Antibodies for PPARD (PPAR delta/NR1C2)
    ""Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (PPARD)
    "" Origene Antibodies: PPARD ""
    ""Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PPARD
    ""Browse antibodies at Epitomics

    Assays for PPARD: 
    ""Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
    ""Browse ELISAs at Sigma-Aldrich
    "" Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
    ""Enzo Life Sciences assays for PPARD

    Protein Domains/
    Families
    for PPARD gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

      User Feedback
    "" PPARD for domains           About GeneDecksing

    5/7 InterPro domains/families (see all 7 ):
     IPR008946 Nucl_hormone_rcpt_ligand-bd
     IPR003075 1Cnucl_rcpt_B
     IPR001723 Str_hrmn_rcpt
     IPR003074 1Cnucl_rcpt
     IPR013088 Znf_NHR/GATA

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q03181

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q03181

    3 Blocks protein families:
    IPB001723 Steroid hormone receptor signature
    IPB003074 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (1C nuclear receptor) signature
    IPB003075 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta signature


    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARD_HUMAN, Q03181
    Similarity: Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily
    Similarity: Contains 1 nuclear receptor DNA-binding domain

    Gene Function
    for PPARD gene

    (According to MGI May 08 2010, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
    shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Millipore, Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich, Clones from Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene, Sino Biological, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 May 2010 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

      User Feedback
    Inhib.
    RNA:    		""Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
    ""Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (PPARD)
    "" Origene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector (see all 5): PPARD
    Origene shRNA RFP (see all 5): PPARD
    Origene basic RS shRNA (see all 5): PPARD

    ""Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for PPARD
    ""Sigma-Aldrich siRNA Panels and siRNA for PPARD
    Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for PPARD
    Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs
    Clones:""Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore
    ""Browse iPSC Reprogramming Factors at Sigma-Aldrich
    "" Origene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): PPARD
    Origene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): PPARD
    Origene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): PPARD
    ""Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones  ""

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARD_HUMAN, Q03181
    Function: Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic
    drugs and fatty acids. Has a preference for poly-unsaturated fatty acids, such as gamma-linoleic acid and
    eicosapentanoic acid. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to promoter elements of target genes. Regulates
    the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the acyl-CoA oxidase
    gene. Decreases expression of NPC1L1 once activated by a ligand

    Genatlas biochemistry entry for PPARD:
    Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta,heterodimerizing with RXR*,steroid/thyroid hormone receptor
    superfamily,expressed in preadipocyte and expressed at low level in colorectal mucosa,highly expressed in CR
    carcinomal,down- regulated by APC through beta-catenin/TCF4 inactivation,target of nonsteroidal inflammatory drugs

    5/15 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 15 ):

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0003677 DNA binding ISS--
    GO:0003700 transcription factor activity NAS11551955
    GO:0003707 steroid hormone receptor activity IEA--
    GO:0004879 ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity IDA12955147
    GO:0005504 fatty acid binding NAS--
    About this table

    "" PPARD for ontologies           About GeneDecksing

    Animal Models: 14 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 10 alleles"") (MGI details for Ppard):

    adipose tissuebehavior/neurologicaldigestive/alimentaryembryogenesisgrowth/size
    homeostasis/metabolismimmune systemlethality-prenatal/perinatalliver/biliary systemnervous system
    reproductive systemskin/coat/nailstouch/vibrissaetumorigenesis

    "" PPARD for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing

    Pathways & Interactions
    for PPARD gene

    (Pathways according to Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, Applied Biosystems GeneAssist, KEGG and/or UniProtKB, (map by GeneGo),
    Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, and/or 3STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 May 2010 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

      User Feedback
    "" PPARD for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    2 "" Millipore Pathways for PPARD
      ""  Transcription PPAR Pathway
    Transcription factors in neurogenesis

    3 "" Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathways for  PPARD  (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity)
      ""  Wnt/?-catenin Signaling
    PPAR Signaling
    VDR/RXR Activation

    2 "" GeneAssist Pathways for PPARD
      ""  WNT Signaling
    PPAR Pathway

    4 "" Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for PPARD):
      ""  hsa03320 PPAR signaling pathway
    hsa04310 Wnt signaling pathway
    hsa05200 Pathways in cancer
    hsa05221 Acute myeloid leukemia

    "" SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for PPARD

    5/18 Interacting proteins for PPARD (ENSP000003539163 Q031812) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 18 ) ""
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    SMAD9O151982MINT-62125
    CCND1ENSP000002275073STRING: ENSP00000227507
    CTNNB1ENSP000003444563STRING: ENSP00000344456
    PPARAENSP000002627353STRING: ENSP00000262735
    PPARGENSP000002878203STRING: ENSP00000287820
    About this table

    5/30 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 30 ):

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter ISS--
    GO:0001890 placenta development IEA--
    GO:0006006 glucose metabolic process NAS15793256
    GO:0006091 generation of precursor metabolites and energy TAS1333051
    GO:0006355 regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent ----
    About this table

    "" PPARD for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    Drugs & Compounds
    for PPARD gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
    About This Section

      User Feedback
    "" PPARD for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    "" Enzo Life Sciences drugs & compounds for PPARD
    ""Sigma-Aldrich Small Molecules for PPARD:
    Small Molecule - Antagonist Small Molecule - Agonist Small Molecule - Activator

    "" Compounds for PPARD available from Tocris Bioscience
    CompoundAction CAS number
    GSK 0660Selective PPARdelta antagonist[1014691-61-2]
    L-165,041Potent PPARdelta agonist[79558-09-1]
    Anti-PPARdeltaAntibody recognizing PPARdelta
    Retinoic acidEndogenous retinoic acid receptor agonist. Also modulates PPARdelta[302-79-4]
    GW 0742Highly selective, potent PPARdelta agonist[317318-84-6]
    About this table


    10/195 ""Novoseek chemical compound relationships for PPARD gene (see all 195 )
    Compound   Score   Articles   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    gw-501516 100.00 86 17500064 (6), 16061473 (5), 18390835 (4), 17461989 (4) (see all 52)
    gw0742 100.00 38 18622026 (4), 18627005 (3), 18048767 (3), 20001953 (2) (see all 25)
    prostacyclin 24.16 46 16367757 (7), 11551955 (4), 19060098 (2), 17540403 (2) (see all 30)
    l165041 15.44 5 17478558 (2), 19906781 (1), 16455614 (1), 11278377 (1)
    beraprost 15.33 11 19587222 (5), 17620284 (5), 20357746 (1)
    acyl-coa 13.96 17 13130515 (2), 11278173 (2), 19208777 (1), 18615261 (1) (see all 15)
    bezafibrate 12.65 12 12782154 (8), 9989264 (1), 19201410 (1), 16193754 (1) (see all 5)
    carbacyclin 12.13 7 17540403 (2), 9989800 (1), 11716839 (1), 11093153 (1) (see all 6)
    wy14643 11.25 7 11278173 (2), 19667161 (1), 16374473 (1), 16193754 (1) (see all 6)
    rosiglitazone 9.88 15 17671688 (2), 19809220 (1), 19712722 (1), 19531592 (1) (see all 14)
    About this table


    Transcripts
    for PPARD gene

    (GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 223 Homo sapiens; Apr 2 2010) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
    non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
    ESTs according to GeneTide,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from Millipore and/or Abnova,
    siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
    shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene, microRNA from SABiosciences,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, Primers from OriGene and/or SABiosciences,
    Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
    About This Section

      User Feedback
    Inhib.
    RNA:    		""Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
    ""Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (PPARD)
    ""Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs:  NM_001171818  NM_001171819  NM_006238  NM_177435  
    "" Origene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector (see all 5): PPARD
    Origene shRNA RFP (see all 5): PPARD
    Origene basic RS shRNA (see all 5): PPARD

    ""Sigma-Aldrich siRNA Panels and siRNA for PPARD
    Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for PPARD
    Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

    microRNA:""5 SABiosciences microRNAs that regulate PPARD: ""
    hsa-miR-9 hsa-miR-138 hsa-miR-29c hsa-miR-29a hsa-miR-29b
    Assays:  ""Applied Biosystems TaqMan® Gene Expression Assays:  
    NM_001171818  NM_001171819  NM_006238  NM_177435  


    Clones:"" Origene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): PPARD
    Origene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): PPARD
    Origene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): PPARD
    Primers:"" Origene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: PPARD
    ""SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay for PPARD: PPH00455A ""

    REFSEQ mRNAs for PPARD gene (5 alternative transcripts): 

    NM_001171818.1  NM_001171819.1  NM_001171820.1  NM_006238.4  NM_177435.2  

    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AB099507.1 AB307691.1 AK122614.1 AK291661.1 AK296425.1 AK304482.1 AK304878.1 AY919140.1 
    AY927506.1 AY927592.1 BC002715.2 BC007578.1 BC127809.1 

    20 DOTS entries:

    DT.100843661  DT.95174839  DT.40313999  DT.95244219  DT.412234  DT.91831275  DT.401767  DT.40284287 
    DT.91693783  DT.91822276  DT.100698132  DT.121312174  DT.121312188  DT.121312232  DT.91747575  DT.91750054 
    DT.92028775  DT.92427495  DT.95174837  DT.91751712 

    24/153 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 153 ):

    AI189844 AK122614 BI051277 BM047291 NM_006238 NM_177435 AL134655 CB155475 
    BF507717 BG033921 BX505518 AU131142 AI351364 BG425091 CB152644 BM915390 
    BF996332 H41951 BG676969 AI366479 BF222989 BP383010 BQ011317 AA609456 

    "" highest scoring ESTs for PPARD:

    AA555207 AI379935 AA236669 AA292445 AA293024 AA293419 AA368600 AA410962 AI291068 AI351364 

    Unigene Cluster for PPARD:

    Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta
    Hs.696032  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_006238


    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5/16 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PPARD (see all 16 )

    ExUns: 1a · 1b · 1c · 1d ^ 2 ^ 3a · 3b ^ 4a · 4b ^ 5 ^ 6 ^ 7 ^ 8a · 8b ^ 9 ^ 10 ^ 11a · 11b ^ 12 ^ 13a · 13b · 13c ^ 14a · 14b ^ 15a · 15b ·
    SP1:                    -           -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -                 -                                             
    SP2:                                -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -                       -                                             
    SP3:                    -           -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -                       -                                             
    SP4:                    -           -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -                 -     -     -     -     -     -               
    SP5:                    -           -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -                                                               

    ExUns: 15c · 15d ^ 16a · 16b ^ 17a · 17b
    SP1:        -                           
    SP2:        -                           
    SP3:                                    
    SP4:        -                           
    SP5:                                    

    About this scheme

    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for PPARD

    5 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations:
    ENST00000444397  ENST00000418635  ENST00000360694  ENST00000337400  ENST00000311565  

    Expression
    for PPARD gene

    (Experimental results according to 1GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
    probe sets-to-genes annotations according to 2GeneAnnot , 3GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 223 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
    Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems, Primers from OriGene and/or SABiosciences )
    About This Section

      User Feedback

    PPARD expression in normal and diseased human tissues

    "" Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for PPARD

    1""  / 2""  / 3""

    11 probe-sets matching PPARD gene

    Affymetrix
    probe-set    		 Array  GeneAnnot data GeneNote data GeneTide data
    # genes Sensitivity Specificity Correlation Length Gb_Accession Consensus Uniqueness Score Rank
    37152_at2, 3 U133-A 1 1.00 1.00 0.89 0.94 L07592 0.60 1.00 0.82 1
    91954_s_at2, 3 U95-D 1 1.00 1.00 0.86 0.86 AI379935 1.00 1.00 1.00 1
    91956_r_at2, 3 U95-D 1 0.88 1.00 0.57 1.20 AI379935 1.00 1.00 1.00 1
    210636_at2, 3 U133-A 1 1.00 1.00 -- -- BC002715 0.60 1.00 0.82 1
    37152_at2, 3 U133-A 1 1.00 1.00 -- -- L07592 0.60 1.00 0.82 1
    208044_s_at2, 3 U133-A 1 1.00 1.00 -- -- NM_006238 0.40 1.00 0.76 1
    242218_at*2, 3 U133-B NULL 0.00 0.00 -- -- AI201116 0.20 1.00 0.72 1
    210636_at2 U133Plus2 1 1.00 1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
    37152_at2 U133Plus2 1 1.00 1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
    208044_s_at2 U133Plus2 1 1.00 1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
    242218_at*2 U133Plus2 NULL 0.00 0.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
    About this table

    "" PPARD for expression           About GeneDecksing

    Data from Genenote  (Publications) and GNF BioGPS
        About these images
    About these images

    CGAP SAGE TAG: CCGCGTCCCT

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.696032

    Expression variation in blood from EXPOLDB for PPARD

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARD_HUMAN, Q03181
    Tissue specificity: Ubiquitous with maximal levels in placenta and skeletal muscle

    Primers:"" Origene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: PPARD ""
    ""SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay for PPARD: PPH00455A ""

    Orthologs
    for PPARD gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD and/or 5MGI May 08 2010, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
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    Orthologs for PPARD gene from 5/9 species (see all 9 )
    Organism Gene Locus Description Human
    Similarity    		 NCBI accessions
    dog
    (Canis familiaris)    		 PPARD1   -- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta 90.48(n)
    94.1(a)    		 481756  XM_858821.1  XP_863914.1 
    chimpanzee
    (Pan troglodytes)    		 PPARD1   -- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta 99.32(n)
    99.77(a)    		 463188  XM_518905.2  XP_518905.2 
    cow
    (Bos taurus)    		 PPARD1   -- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta 91.91(n)
    95.24(a)    		 353106  XM_586230.3  XP_586230.2 
    rat
    (Rattus norvegicus)    		 Ppard1   -- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta 88.64(n)
    91.36(a)    		 25682  NM_013141.1  NP_037273.1 
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)    		 Ppard1, 5 17 (13.50 cM)5
    		 peroxisome proliferator activator receptor delta1, 5 89.32(n)1
    92.5(a)1    		 190151  NM_011145.31  NP_035275.11 
     AB2215795  AI8481565  (see all 22)
    About this table        Species with no ortholog for PPARD

    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PPARD

    Paralogs
    for PPARD gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene
    and 2Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to 3Pseudogene.org)
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    Paralogs for PPARD gene
    VDR2  NR1I22  RARG2  PPARA2  THRB2  RARA2  NR1H42  NR1D22  
    RARB2  RORA2  RORB2  RORC2  NR1D12  NR1I32  PPARG2  NR1H22  
    THRA2  NR1H32  

    "" PPARD for paralogs           About GeneDecksing


    Genomic Variants
    for PPARD gene

    (SNPs according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
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    10/560 NCBI SNPs in PPARD are shown (see all 560 )
    (Click "" for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay)  (see all 179)
    ABGenomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidChr 6 posSequenceRecsAA
    Chg    		TypeMoreRecsAllele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ------------
    ""
    rs97941,2
    		C,F,A,H35395795(+) GCCCCA/C/GACCCG 1 -- ut31""28""MN EA NS NA WA 5044""
    ""
    rs20761661,2
    		C,F,A,H35114224(-) ATTTGC/TCCCCA 2 -- ng31 int1""9Minor allele frequency- T:0.11NS EA NA WA 502""
    ""
    rs20165201,2
    		C,F,A,H35378778(-) ACAGGA/GTGGTT 2 -- ut51 ese3""30Minor allele frequency- G:0.28NA EA NS MN WA 3936""
    ""
    rs7607831,2
    		C,F,A,H35116824(-) CCTGTC/AAGCCC 1 -- ng31""22Minor allele frequency- A:0.19NA EA MN NS 2960""
    ""
    rs10530461,2
    		C,F,O35395578(+) ATTCTG/ATGTGT 1 -- ut31""38Minor allele frequency- A:0.17NS MN NA EA WA 5014""
    ""
    rs96580581,2
    		C,F,H35310432(+) GGCGGC/TGGTGG 2 -- ut51 ese3""16Minor allele frequency- T:0.07NS MN WA EA 2892""
    ""
    rs10530491,2
    		C,F,A35395618(+) CCCTAT/CGGGCG 1 -- ut31""12Minor allele frequency- C:0.31NS MN EA NA WA 860""
    ""
    rs37342531,2
    		C,F,H35394961(+) CCTTTC/ATCTAG 1 -- ut31 ese3 trp3""19Minor allele frequency- A:0.01EA NA NS MN WA 4398""
    ""
    rs96581771,2
    		C,F,H35395448(+) TGAGCG/AGCGCA 1 -- ut31 ese3""5Minor allele frequency- A:0.04NS EA NA 466""
    ""
    rs37342541,2
    		C,F,A35395010(+) CTGCCT/CCTCCA 1 -- ut31""19Minor allele frequency- C:0.26EA NS NA 3052""
    About this table

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for PPARD (up to first 250kb)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)  ""
          Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for PPARD: --

    Disorders & Mutations
    for PPARD gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, LSDB, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
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    "" PPARD for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM: 600409

    10/163 ""Novoseek disease relationships for PPARD gene (see all 163 )

    Disease   Score   Articles   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    metabolic syndrome 15.97 39 18684227 (3), 16713711 (3), 16053787 (3), 18220606 (2) (see all 29)
    insulin sensitivity 13.53 28 17327385 (3), 16306381 (3), 19818749 (2), 17869249 (2) (see all 21)
    disorder; metabolic 10.86 18 20200337 (2), 17169250 (2), 17148604 (2), 18537685 (1) (see all 15)
    dyslipidemia 10.79 19 18684227 (2), 20200337 (1), 19968882 (1), 19636418 (1) (see all 18)
    dscr1 8.65 5 18793612 (5)
    skin carcinogenesis 7.74 7 16418176 (4), 17671688 (1), 15632134 (1), 15033975 (1)
    obese 7.64 80 19364826 (4), 20042001 (3), 18657264 (3), 18627005 (3) (see all 48)
    insulin resistance 7.45 32 20185762 (3), 19364826 (2), 18684227 (2), 18522831 (2) (see all 25)
    colon cancer 6.94 27 19723884 (5), 19415698 (4), 17893232 (3), 19347284 (2) (see all 16)
    intestinal adenoma 4.98 3 17148604 (1), 15539957 (1), 14758356 (1)
    About this table

    Human Gene Mutation Database: PPARD
    Genetic Association Database: PPARD
    Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: PPARD (47 documents)

    Medical News
    for PPARD gene

    (Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
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    Publications
    for PPARD gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Novoseek, 2HGNC, 3Entrez Gene, 4UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 5UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 6GAD, and/or 7PharmGKB)
    About This Section

      User Feedback    		10/455 PubMed articles for PPARD gene (see all 455 ):

    Search for PPARD gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing PPARD gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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    Entrez Gene: 5467 HGNC: 9235 AceView: PPARD Ensembl:ENSG00000112033 euGenes: HUgn5467
    ECgene: PPARD Kegg: 5467 H-InvDB: PPARD

    Other Databases showing PPARD gene

    (According to HUGE)
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    Specialized Databases showing PPARD gene

    (According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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    NameDescription
    ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for PPARD Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
    NIEHS-SNPshttp://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/ppard/
    Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor

    Intellectual Property
    for PPARD gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from XenneX, Inc.)
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      User Feedback    		Patent Information for PPARD gene: ""
    Search GeneIP for patents involving PPARD

    GeneCards and IP: ""
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    Services
    for PPARD gene

    (Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Novus Biologicals,
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    Clones available from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, Sino Biological, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
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    ""
    Products for PPARD:
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