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PPARD Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 72

GC06P035418

peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta
(Previous names: peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, delta )
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc , and/or ⁷Ensembl, ⁸miRBase)
About This Section

Aliases
FAAR ^¹, ²
MGC3931 ^²
NR1C2 ^¹, ², ³
NUC1 ^¹, ², ³, ⁵
NUCI ^², ³
NUCII ^¹, ²
OTTHUMP00000016256 ^²
PPAR-beta ^², ³
PPAR-delta ^³
PPARB ^², ³

Descriptions
Nuclear hormone receptor 1 ^², ³
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 2 ^³
peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, delta ^¹, ²
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta ^²

External Ids
HGNC: 9235¹
Entrez Gene: 5467²
UniProtKB: Q03181³
Ensembl: ENSG00000112033⁷

Search outside databases for aliases for PPARD gene

Previous GC identifers: GC06U990097 GC06P035306 GC06P035357

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

EntrezGene summary for PPARD:

This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family. PPARs

are nuclear hormone receptors that bind peroxisome proliferators and control the size and number

of peroxisomes produced by cells. PPARs mediate a variety of biological processes, and may be

involved in the development of several chronic diseases, including diabetes, obesity,

atherosclerosis, and cancer. This protein is a potent inhibitor of ligand-induced transcription

activity of PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma. It may function as an integrator of transcription

repression and nuclear receptor signaling. The expression of this gene is found to be elevated in

colorectal cancer cells. The elevated expression can be repressed by adenomatosis polyposis coli

(APC), a tumor suppressor protein related to APC/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Knockout studies

in mice suggested the role of this protein in myelination of the corpus callosum, lipid

metabolism, and epidermal cell proliferation. [provided by RefSeq]

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARD_HUMAN, Q03181

Function: Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids.

Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA

oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation

pathway of fatty acids. Decreases expression of NPC1L1 once activated by a ligand

Gene Wiki entry for PPARD (Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor_delta)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

Genomic View:

UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the PPARD gene

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 6p21.2-p21.1 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 6p21.31 HGNC cytogenetic band: 6p21.2

PPARD Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 6 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC06P035418: (about GC identifiers)

Start:	35,418,313 bp from pter
End:	35,503,933 bp from pter
Size:	85,621 bases
Orientation:	plus strand

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000006.10 NT_007592.14

(According to ¹UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to ²Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARD_HUMAN, Q03181 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta

Size: 441 amino acids; 49903 Da

Subunit: Heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor

Subcellular location: Nucleus

PDB structures from and Proteopedia :

1GWX (3D)

1Y0S (3D)

2AWH (3D)

2B50 (3D)

2BAW (3D)

2ENV (3D)

2GWX (3D)

2J14 (3D)

2Q5G (3D)

2ZNP (3D)

2ZNQ (3D)

3D5F (3D)

3DY6 (3D)

3ET2 (3D)

3GWX (3D)

Secondary accessions: Q7Z5K0 Q9BUD4

Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms: Q03181-1 Q03181-2

Post-translational modifications:

View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite²

REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts):

NP_006229.1 NP_803184.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000337063 ENSP00000353916 ENSP00000310928

Human Recombinant Proteins

	Invitrogen human recombinant proteins for PPARD
	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
	Browse Human Recombinant Proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (PPAR delta )
	Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (PPARD)

Browse Origene for full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells

1 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component term (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005634	nucleus	NAS	11551955

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Antibodies for PPARD:

	Invitrogen Antibodies for PPARD
	Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of PPARD
	Sigma-Aldrich Antibodies for PPARD
	R&D Systems Antibodies for PPARD (PPAR delta/NR1C2)
	Antibodies from Abcam (PPAR delta ), each with their Abpromise^SM
	Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (PPARD)
	Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PPARD

Assays for PPARD:

	Invitrogen Assays for PPARD
	Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q03181

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q03181

3 Blocks protein families:

IPB001723 Steroid hormone receptor signature

IPB003074 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (1C nuclear receptor) signature

IPB003075 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta signature

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARD_HUMAN, Q03181

Similarity: Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily

Similarity: Contains 1 nuclear receptor DNA-binding domain

(According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (PPARD)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (PPARD)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 2): NM_177435

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for PPARD

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for PPARD

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for PPARD

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Clones:		Invitrogen Clones for PPARD
		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore

OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_006238
Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_006238
untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_006238

Primers:

Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers

OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_006238

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARD_HUMAN, Q03181

Function: Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids.

Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA

oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation

pathway of fatty acids. Decreases expression of NPC1L1 once activated by a ligand

Genatlas biochemistry entry for PPARD:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta,heterodimerizing with RXR*,steroid/thyroid hormone

receptor superfamily,expressed in preadipocyte and expressed at low level in colorectal

mucosa,highly expressed in CR carcinomal,down- regulated by APC through beta-catenin/TCF4

inactivation,target of nonsteroidal inflammatory drugs

14 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 8 alleles) (MGI details for Ppard):

adipose tissue	behavior/neurological	digestive/alimentary	embryogenesis	growth/size
homeostasis/metabolism	immune system	lethality-prenatal/perinatal	liver/biliary system	nervous system
reproductive system	skin/coat/nails	touch/vibrissae	tumorigenesis

5/9 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view) (see all 9 ):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0003700	transcription factor activity	NAS	11551955
GO:0003707	steroid hormone receptor activity	TAS	1333051
GO:0005504	fatty acid binding	NAS	--
GO:0008144	drug binding	IDA	9113987
GO:0008270	zinc ion binding	IEA	--

About this table

(Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, and/or ³STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

3 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathways for PPARD (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity)

Wnt/&beta
PPAR Signaling
VDR/RXR Activation

GeneDecks PPARD for the pathways selected above

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Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for PPARD

5/55 Interacting proteins for PPARD (ENSP00000353916³ Q03181²) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 55 )

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
SMAD9	O15198²	MINT-62125
UCP3	ENSP00000323740³	STRING (score=.983)
EP300	ENSP00000263253³	STRING (score=.971)
CTNNB1	ENSP00000344456³	STRING (score=.97)
CCND1	ENSP00000227507³	STRING (score=.957)

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5/23 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (links to tree view) (see all 23 ):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000122	negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	ISS	--
GO:0006006	glucose metabolic process	NAS	15793256
GO:0006091	generation of precursor metabolites and energy	TAS	1333051
GO:0006350	transcription	IEA	--
GO:0006629	lipid metabolic process	ISS	--

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(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
About This Section

Enzo Life Sciences drugs & compounds for PPARD

Sigma-Aldrich Small Molecules for PPARD:

Activator Antagonist Agonist

Compounds for PPARD available from Tocris Bioscience

Compound	Action	CAS number
GSK 0660	Selective PPARdelta antagonist	[1014691-61-2]
L-165,041	Potent PPARdelta agonist	[79558-09-1]
Anti-PPARdelta	Antibody recognizing PPARdelta
Retinoic acid	Endogenous retinoic acid receptor agonist. Also modulates PPARdelta	[302-79-4]
GW 0742	Highly selective, potent PPARdelta agonist	317318-84-6

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10/35 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for PPARD gene (see all 35 )

Compound	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
gw501516	97.17	71	17500064 (5), 17461989 (4), 18684227 (3), 16896941 (3) (see all 29)
gw 0742	92.43	17	18048767 (3), 18627005 (3), 16239641 (1), 18003597 (1) (see all 8)
gw2433	83.89	2	16546385 (1), 10198642 (1)
gw 7647	76.35	2	18003597 (1), 11354382 (1)
fatty acid	69.69	93	10991946 (4), 15589693 (3), 16713711 (3), 16467150 (3) (see all 46)
lipid	66.25	97	11557774 (5), 15247146 (3), 17500064 (3), 18627005 (2) (see all 49)
gw9662	65.45	4	12022867 (2), 16038868 (1), 18347139 (1)
phenylpropionic acid	57.17	2	16275077 (1), 18162399 (1)
acyl-coa	54.81	7	13130515 (2), 14749206 (1), 19208777 (1), 15691844 (1) (see all 5)
glucose	54.41	53	17500064 (5), 17869249 (4), 16306381 (3), 15793256 (3) (see all 26)

About this table

(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (PPARD)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (PPARD)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 2): NM_177435

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for PPARD

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for PPARD

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs:

NM_006238

REFSEQ mRNAs for PPARD gene (2 alternative transcripts):

NM_006238.3 NM_177435.2

NM_006238

               OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_006238
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_006238
                                 untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_006238

Additional cDNA sequence:

AB099507.1 AB307691.1 AK122614.1 AK291661.1 AK296425.1 AK304482.1 AK304878.1 AY919140.1

AY927506.1 AY927592.1 BC002715.2 BC007578.1 BC127809.1

20 DOTS entries:

DT.100843661 DT.95174839 DT.40313999 DT.95244219 DT.412234 DT.91831275 DT.401767 DT.40284287

DT.91693783 DT.91822276 DT.100698132 DT.121312174 DT.121312188 DT.121312232 DT.91747575 DT.91750054

DT.92028775 DT.92427495 DT.95174837 DT.91751712

24/153 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 153 ):

AK122614 AU131142 BF507717 BI051277 BM047291 AL134655 BG033921 AI189844

BM915390 BX505518 NM_006238 CB155475 NM_177435 CB152644 BG425091 AI351364

AA780934 BG676969 H41910 BG744546 BM906047 BU146134 H41951 BF954763

highest scoring ESTs for PPARD:

AA555207 AI379935 AA236669 AA292445 AA293024 AA293419 AA368600 AA410962 AI291068 AI351364

Unigene Cluster for PPARD:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta

Hs.696032 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_006238

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/16 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PPARD (see all 16 )

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	·	1c	·	1d	^	2	^	3a	·	3b	^	4a	·	4b	^	5	^	6	^	7	^	8a	·	8b	^	9	^	10	^	11a	·	11b	^	12	^	13a	·	13b	·	13c	^	14a	·	14b	^	15a	·	15b	·
SP1:							-				-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-						-
SP2:											-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-								-
SP3:							-				-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-								-
SP4:							-				-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-						-		-		-		-		-		-
SP5:							-				-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-

ExUns:	15c	·	15d	^	16a	·	16b	^	17a	·	17b
SP1:			-
SP2:			-
SP3:
SP4:			-
SP5:

About this scheme

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for PPARD

3 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations:

ENST00000337400 ENST00000360694 ENST00000311565

(Experimental results according to ¹GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to ²GeneAnnot , ³GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
About This Section

PPARD expression in normal and diseased human tissues

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for PPARD

¹ / ² / ³

12 probe-sets matching PPARD gene

Affymetrix probe-set	Array	# genes	Sensitivity	Specificity	Correlation	Length	Gb_Accession	Consensus	Uniqueness	Score	Rank
Affymetrix probe-set	Array	GeneAnnot data			GeneNote data		GeneTide data
37152_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	0.83	1.08	L07592	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
91954_s_at²^{, 3}	U95-D	1	1.00	1.00	0.88	0.98	AI379935	1.00	1.00	1.00	1
91956_r_at²^{, 3}	U95-D	1	0.88	1.00	0.52	1.37	AI379935	1.00	1.00	1.00	1
58861_at²^{, 3}	U95-C	1	0.44	1.00	0.67	0.57	AA555207	1.00	1.00	1.00	1
210636_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	BC002715	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
37152_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	L07592	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
208044_s_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	NM_006238	0.40	1.00	0.76	1
242218_at*²^{, 3}	U133-B	NULL	0.00	0.00	--	--	AI201116	0.20	1.00	0.72	1
210636_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
37152_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
208044_s_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
242218_at*²	U133Plus2	NULL	0.00	0.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

GeneDecks PPARD for binary patterns associated with the probe-sets selected above

About GeneDecksing

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Data from

(Publications) and GNF BioGPS
About these images
About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: CCGCGTCCCT

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.696032
Expression variation in blood from EXPOLDB for PPARD
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARD_HUMAN, Q03181
Tissue specificity: Ubiquitous with maximal levels in placenta and skeletal muscle

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD and/or ⁵MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
About This Section

Orthologs for PPARD gene from 5/9 species (see all 9 )

Organism	Gene	Locus	Description	Human Similarity	NCBI accessions
dog (Canis familiaris)	PPARD¹	--	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	90.48(n) 94.1(a)	481756 XM_858821.1 XP_863914.1
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)	PPARD¹	--	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	99.32(n) 99.77(a)	463188 XM_518905.2 XP_518905.2
cow (Bos taurus)	PPARD¹	--	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	91.91(n) 95.24(a)	353106 XM_586230.3 XP_586230.2
rat (Rattus norvegicus)	Ppard¹	--	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	88.64(n) 91.36(a)	25682 NM_013141.1 NP_037273.1
mouse (Mus musculus)	Ppard^{1, 5}	17 (13.50 cM)⁵	peroxisome proliferator activator receptor delta^{1, 5}	89.32(n)¹ 92.5(a)¹	19015¹ NM_011145.3¹ NP_035275.1¹ AB221579⁵ AI848156⁵ (see all 22)

About this table Species with no ortholog for PPARD

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PPARD

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene
and ²Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to ³Pseudogene.org)
About This Section

Paralogs for PPARD gene

PPARA² PPARG²

(According to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

10/564 NCBI SNPs in PPARD are shown (see all 564 )
(Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay) (see all 179)

AB	SNP ID	Valid	Chr 6 pos	Sequence	Recs	AA Chg	Type	More	Recs	Pop	Total sample	More
AB	Genomic Data				Transcription Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--			--
	rs1053046^1,2	C,F,H,O	35503556(+)	`ATTCTG/ATGTGT`	1	--	ut3¹		21	NS MN NA EU EA WA	2194
	rs1053049^1,2	A,C,F,H	35503596(+)	`CCCTAT/CGGGCG`	1	--	ut3¹		7	NS MN EU EA WA NA	786
	rs2016520^1,2	A,C,F,H	35486756(-)	`ACAGGA/GTGGTT`	1	--	ut5¹ ese³		23	NA EA EU WA MN CSAM NS	3412
	rs3734254^1,2	A,C,F,H	35502988(+)	`CTGCCT/CCTCCA`	1	--	ut3¹		14	EA NS NA EU WA	2644
	rs760783^1,2	A,C,F,H	35503982(-)	`CCTGTC/AAGCCC`	1	--	ng3¹		16	NA EA MN NS EU WA	2758
	rs3734253^1,2	C,F,H	35502939(+)	`CCTTTC/ATCTAG`	1	--	ut3¹ ese³ trp³		8	EA NA EU WA	2046
	rs9658056^1,2	C,F,H	35417538(+)	`GTGGCC/TGAAGG`	1	--	ng5¹		11	NS EU EA WA	1230
	rs9658057^1,2	C,F,H	35417635(+)	`AGCCAA/CCTTCT`	1	--	ng5¹		6	NS EU EA WA	746
	rs9794^1,2	A,C,F	35503773(+)	`GCCCCA/C/GACCCG`	1	--	ut3¹		8	MN EA NS NA	2206
	rs9658177^1,2	C,F,H	35503426(+)	`TGAGCG/AGCGCA`	1	--	ut3¹ ese³		5	NS EA WA NA	466

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HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for PPARD (up to first 250kb)

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

OMIM: 600409

10/41 Novoseek disease relationships for PPARD gene (see all 41 )

Disease	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
insulin sensitivity	68.17	19	16306381 (3), 17869249 (2), 16187688 (1), 16804087 (1) (see all 14)
dyslipidemia	62.08	12	16187688 (1), 16239641 (1), 16168052 (1), 17608467 (1) (see all 10)
metabolic disorder	60.77	12	17148604 (2), 17431579 (1), 18036566 (1), 18537685 (1) (see all 9)
insulin resistance	55.20	21	18684227 (2), 18220606 (2), 15733729 (1), 18627005 (1) (see all 14)
obesity	51.84	36	14988273 (3), 16053787 (3), 16187688 (2), 18657264 (2) (see all 18)
atherosclerosis	46.01	12	18337495 (2), 17512197 (1), 18048767 (1), 14671562 (1) (see all 10)
inflammation	41.06	17	14996617 (2), 16698033 (2), 12970571 (2), 12465041 (1) (see all 11)
colorectal cancer	40.22	19	18720000 (3), 11087869 (2), 18214615 (2), 16361076 (1) (see all 10)
cardiovascular diseases	32.19	9	16187688 (3), 18711014 (1), 11969190 (1), 17608467 (1) (see all 7)
familial adenomatous polyposis	29.55	3	12489852 (1), 11226285 (1)

About this table

Human Gene Mutation Database: PPARD
Genetic Association Database: PPARD
Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: PPARD (36 documents)

(Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
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(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Novoseek, ²HGNC, ³Entrez Gene, ⁴UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁵UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁶GAD, and/or ⁷PharmGKB)
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10/375 PubMed articles for PPARD gene (see all 375 ):

Identification of a new member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily that is activated by a peroxisome proliferator and fatty acids. (PubMed id 1333051)^{2, 3, 4} Schmidt A.... Rodan G.A. (1992)
Genetic polymorphisms in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta associated with obesity. (PubMed id 14988273)^{1, 3, 6} Shin H.D....Park K.S. (2004)
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta genotype in relation to cardiovascular risk factors and risk of coronary heart disease in hypercholesterolaemic men. (PubMed id 14641801)^{1, 3, 6} Skogsberg J....Ehrenborg E. (2003)
No evidence that polymorphisms in CYP2C8, CYP2C9, UGT1A6, PPARdelta and PPARgamma act as modifiers of the protective effect of regular NSAID use on the risk of colorectal carcinoma. (PubMed id 16141797)^{1, 3, 6} McGreavey L.E....Barrett J.H. (2005)
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta +294T/C polymorphism in relation to lipoprotein metabolism in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and in non-diabetic controls. (PubMed id 16285997)^{1, 3, 6} Gouni-Berthold I....Krone W. (2005)
Reduced cholesterol absorption upon PPARdelta activation coincides with decreased intestinal expression of NPC1L1. (PubMed id 15604518)^{3, 4} van der Veen J.N.... Kuipers F. (2005)
Effects of PPARalpha, gamma and delta haplotypes on plasma levels of lipids, severity and progression of coronary atherosclerosis and response to statin therapy in the lipoprotein coronary atherosclerosis study. (PubMed id 15128052)^{3, 6} Chen S....Marian A.J. (2004)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{3, 4} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. (PubMed id 14574404)^{3, 4} Mungall A.J.... Beck S. (2003)
Characterization of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta gene and its expression. (PubMed id 10851270)^{3, 4} Skogsberg J.... Ehrenborg E. (2000)

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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 5467	HGNC: 9235	AceView: PPARD	Ensembl:ENSG00000112033	euGenes: HUgn5467
ECgene: PPARD	H-InvDB: PPARD

(According to HUGE)
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(According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for PPARD	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
NIEHS-SNPs	http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/ppard/
Wikipedia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor

Licensable Technologies for PPARD
(Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)

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(Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
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Products for PPARD:

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PPARD Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 72

Aliases &
Descriptions
for PPARD

Summaries
for PPARD

Genomic Location
for PPARD

Proteins
for PPARD

Protein Domains/
Families
for PPARD

Gene Function
for PPARD

Pathways & Interactions
for PPARD

Drugs & Compounds
for PPARD

Transcripts
for PPARD

Expression
for PPARD

Orthologs
for PPARD

Paralogs
for PPARD

SNPs/Variants
for PPARD

Disorders & Mutations
for PPARD

Medical News
for PPARD

Publications
for PPARD

Search for PPARD

Genome Databases showing PPARD

Other Databases showing PPARD

Specialized Databases showing PPARD

Licensable Technologies
for PPARD

Services
for PPARD

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

PPARD Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 72

Aliases & Descriptionsfor PPARD

Summariesfor PPARD

Genomic Locationfor PPARD

Proteinsfor PPARD

Protein Domains/Familiesfor PPARD

Gene Functionfor PPARD

Pathways & Interactionsfor PPARD

Drugs & Compoundsfor PPARD

Transcriptsfor PPARD

Expression for PPARD

Orthologsfor PPARD

Paralogsfor PPARD

SNPs/Variantsfor PPARD

Disorders & Mutationsfor PPARD

Medical Newsfor PPARD

Publicationsfor PPARD

Search for PPARD

Genome Databases showing PPARD

Other Databases showing PPARD

Specialized Databases showing PPARD

Licensable Technologiesfor PPARD

Servicesfor PPARD

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Aliases &
Descriptions
for PPARD

Summaries
for PPARD

Genomic Location
for PPARD

Proteins
for PPARD

Protein Domains/
Families
for PPARD

Gene Function
for PPARD

Pathways & Interactions
for PPARD

Drugs & Compounds
for PPARD

Transcripts
for PPARD

Expression
for PPARD

Orthologs
for PPARD

Paralogs
for PPARD

SNPs/Variants
for PPARD

Disorders & Mutations
for PPARD

Medical News
for PPARD

Publications
for PPARD

Licensable Technologies
for PPARD

Services
for PPARD