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PPARA Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 70

GC22P046546

peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
(Previous names: peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, alpha )
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database
(Previous symbol: PPAR)

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc , and/or ⁷Ensembl, ⁸miRBase)
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Aliases & Descriptions
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha¹ ²		Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 1² ³
NR1C1¹ ² ³		PPAR-alpha² ³
PPAR² ³ ⁵		MGC2452²
hPPAR¹ ²		MGC2237²
peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, alpha¹ ²		PPARalpha²

External Ids:	HGNC: 9232¹	Entrez Gene: 5465²	Ensembl: ENSG00000186951⁷	UniProtKB: Q07869³

Search outside databases for aliases for PPARA gene

Previous GC identifers: GC22P043114 GC22P044760 GC22P044868 GC22P044954

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
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Entrez Gene summary for PPARA:

Peroxisome proliferators include hypolipidemic drugs, herbicides, leukotriene antagonists, and plasticizers; this term

arises because they induce an increase in the size and number of peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are subcellular organelles

found in plants and animals that contain enzymes for respiration and for cholesterol and lipid metabolism. The action

of peroxisome proliferators is thought to be mediated via specific receptors, called PPARs, which belong to the

steroid hormone receptor superfamily. PPARs affect the expression of target genes involved in cell proliferation, cell

differentiation and in immune and inflammation responses. Three closely related subtypes (alpha, beta/delta, and

gamma) have been identified. This gene encodes the subtype PPAR-alpha, which is a nuclear transcription factor.

Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene, although the full-length nature

of only two has been determined. (provided by RefSeq)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARA_HUMAN, Q07869

Function: Ligand-activated transcription factor. Key regulator of lipid metabolism. Activated by the endogenous ligand

1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (16:0/18:1-GPC). Activated by oleylethanolamide, a naturally

occurring lipid that regulates satiety (By similarity). Receptor for peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic

drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to promoter elements of target genes. Regulates

the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the acyl-CoA oxidase

gene

summary for PPARA:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of

ligand-activated transcription factors that heterodimerize with the retinoic X receptor (RXR) to regulate

gene expression. PPARalpha is located primarily in the liver, adipose tissue, kidney, heart, skeletal muscle

and large intestine where it is thought to regulate fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, gluconeogenesis,

ketogenesis and lipoprotein assembly. The human gene encoding PPARalpha has been localized to chromosome 22

(22q12-13.1).

Gene Wiki entry for PPARA (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl (release 56), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to SABiosciences)
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Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the PPARA gene upstream (promoter) region

:
C/EBPalpha AP-1 HNF-4alpha2 STAT5B STAT5A c-Fos c-Jun COUP-TF1 PPAR-gamma1 PPAR-gamma2

Epigenetics:

SABiosciences Methyl-Profiler DNA Methylation qPCR Primer Assays for PPARA:

MePH27140-2A

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 22q12-q13.1|22q13.31 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 22q13.31 HGNC cytogenetic band: 22q12-q13.1

PPARA Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 22 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC22P046546: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	46,546,424 bp from pter
End:	46,639,653 bp from pter
Size:	93,230 bases
Orientation:	plus strand

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000022.10 NT_011520.12

(According to ¹UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to ²Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, and/or Sino Biological,
Biochemical Assays by Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 May 2010 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abnova, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, and/or Epitomics)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARA_HUMAN, Q07869 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha

Size: 468 amino acids; 52225 Da

Subunit: Heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor. Interacts with NCOA3 and NCOA6 coactivators, leading to a strong

increase of transcription of target genes. Also interacts with PPARBP coactivator in vitro. Interacts with AKAP13.

Interacts with PRDM16 (By similarity). Interacts with LPIN1 (By similarity)

Subcellular location: Nucleus

PDB structures from and Proteopedia :

1I7G (3D)

1K7L (3D)

1KKQ (3D)

2NPA (3D)

2P54 (3D)

2REW (3D)

2ZNN (3D)

3ET1 (3D)

3FEI (3D)

3G8I (3D)

Secondary accessions: Q16241 Q6I9S0 Q92486 Q92689 Q9Y3N1

Post-translational modifications:

View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite²

REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts):

NP_001001928.1 NP_005027.2

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000385058 ENSP00000408149 ENSP00000379322 ENSP00000262735 ENSP00000385246 ENSP00000411677

ENSP00000414752 ENSP00000397291 ENSP00000385523

Human Recombinant Proteins

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
	Sigma-Aldrich CompoZr ZFN for PPARA
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	HuPro® and/or Recombinant Proteins from Abnova for PPARA
	Origene Purified Recombinant Human Protein: PPARA
	Novus Biologicals Protein for PPARA
	Novus Biologicals Lysates for PPARA
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins

1 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component term (GO ID links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005634	nucleus	TAS	16271724

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PPARA for ontologies About GeneDecksing

Antibodies for PPARA:

	Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of PPARA
	Sigma-Aldrich Antibodies for PPARA
	R&D Systems Antibodies for PPARA (PPAR alpha/NR1C1)
	Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (PPARA)
	Browse Origene Antibodies
	Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PPARA
	Browse antibodies at Epitomics

Assays for PPARA:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
	Browse ELISAs at Sigma-Aldrich
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
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PPARA for domains About GeneDecksing

5/7 InterPro domains/families (see all 7 ):

IPR008946 Nucl_hormone_rcpt_ligand-bd

IPR001723 Str_hrmn_rcpt

IPR003074 1Cnucl_rcpt

IPR013088 Znf_NHR/GATA

IPR003076 1Cnucl_rcpt_A

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q07869

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q07869

3 Blocks protein families:

IPB001723 Steroid hormone receptor signature

IPB003074 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (1C nuclear receptor) signature

IPB003076 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha signature

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARA_HUMAN, Q07869

Similarity: Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily

Similarity: Contains 1 nuclear receptor DNA-binding domain

(According to MGI May 08 2010, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Millipore, Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich, Clones from Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene, Sino Biological, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 May 2010 via Entrez Gene.)
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Inhib. RNA:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (PPARA)
		Origene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector (see all 4): PPARA Origene shRNA RFP (see all 4): PPARA Origene basic RS shRNA (see all 4): PPARA
		Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for PPARA
		Sigma-Aldrich siRNA Panels and siRNA for PPARA Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for PPARA Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Clones:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore
		Browse iPSC Reprogramming Factors at Sigma-Aldrich
		Origene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): PPARA Origene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): PPARA Origene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 4): PPARA
		Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARA_HUMAN, Q07869

Function: Ligand-activated transcription factor. Key regulator of lipid metabolism. Activated by the endogenous ligand

1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (16:0/18:1-GPC). Activated by oleylethanolamide, a naturally

occurring lipid that regulates satiety (By similarity). Receptor for peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic

drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to promoter elements of target genes. Regulates

the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the acyl-CoA oxidase

gene

Genatlas biochemistry entry for PPARA:

peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor,alpha isoform,steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily,heterodimerizing

with RXR*,highly expressed in liver,involved in the control of fatty acid synthesis,oxidation and ketogenesis,plyaing

a critical role in the cellular fasting response

5/13 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 13 ):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0003677	DNA binding	TAS	10860941
GO:0003700	transcription factor activity	ISS	--
GO:0003706	ligand-regulated transcription factor activity	IEA	--
GO:0003707	steroid hormone receptor activity	IEA	--
GO:0004879	ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity	IDA	12955147

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PPARA for ontologies About GeneDecksing

Animal Models: 9 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 3 alleles) (MGI details for Ppara):

adipose tissue	cardiovascular system	growth/size	homeostasis/metabolism	immune system
life span-post-weaning/aging	liver/biliary system	muscle	skin/coat/nails

PPARA for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, Applied Biosystems GeneAssist, KEGG and/or UniProtKB, (map by GeneGo),
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, and/or ³STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 May 2010 via Entrez Gene).
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PPARA for pathways About GeneDecksing

2 Millipore Pathways for PPARA

	Transcription PPAR Pathway
	Transcription Sin3 and NuRD in transcription regulation

5/8 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathways for PPARA (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity) (see all 8 )

	PXR/RXR Activation
	Toll-like Receptor Signaling
	Production of Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species in Macrophages
	Hepatic Cholestasis
	LPS/IL-1 Mediated Inhibition of RXR Function

2 GeneAssist Pathways for PPARA

	PGC1Alpha Pathway
	PPAR Pathway

2 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for PPARA):

	hsa03320 PPAR signaling pathway
	hsa04920 Adipocytokine signaling pathway

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for PPARA

5/14 Interacting proteins for PPARA (ENSP00000262735³ Q07869^{1, 2}) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 14 )

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
NCOR2	Q9Y618²	STRING: ENSP00000348551 MINT-15842 MINT-15843
PRMT2	P55345¹	EBI-78615,EBI-78458
CHD9	Q3L8U1-3¹	EBI-78615,EBI-960730
NCOA1	ENSP00000320940³	STRING: ENSP00000320940
PPARD	ENSP00000353916³	STRING: ENSP00000353916

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5/22 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 22 ):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001666	response to hypoxia	IEA	--
GO:0006355	regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent	IEA	--
GO:0006366	transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	TAS	7684926
GO:0006629	lipid metabolic process	TAS	7684926 9792666
GO:0006631	fatty acid metabolic process	TAS	10377439

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PPARA for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
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PPARA for compounds About GeneDecksing

Enzo Life Sciences drugs & compounds for PPARA

Sigma-Aldrich Small Molecules for PPARA:

Small Molecule - Inhibitor Small Molecule - Antagonist Small Molecule - Agonist Small Molecule - Activator

Compounds for PPARA available from Tocris Bioscience

Compound	Action	CAS number
GW 7647	Highly selective, potent PPARalpha agonist. Orally active	[265129-71-3]
WY 14643	Selective PPARalpha agonist	[50892-23-4]
GW 6471	PPARalpha antagonist	[436159-64-7]
Oleylethanolamide	GPR55 agonist. Also PPARalpha agonist	[111-58-0]

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10/685 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for PPARA gene (see all 685 )

Compound	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
oleoylethanolamide	100.00	65	19140957 (7), 15123613 (6), 19345745 (4), 19416833 (3) (see all 36)
acyl-coa	100.00	162	9488698 (2), 9250610 (2), 8384714 (2), 7841788 (2) (see all 100)
ciprofibrate	100.00	73	16099866 (4), 12851464 (3), 12354675 (3), 12225971 (3) (see all 51)
clofibrate	100.00	192	16467456 (5), 11006363 (5), 18620058 (4), 17363680 (4) (see all 100)
fenofibrate	100.00	429	19801103 (4), 19593819 (4), 19357976 (4), 19150877 (4) (see all 100)
bezafibrate	100.00	142	12782154 (9), 19124612 (6), 18486101 (6), 19683050 (5) (see all 89)
wy14643	100.00	238	17610302 (6), 16887056 (6), 8663275 (5), 12464261 (4) (see all 100)
rosiglitazone	100.00	133	18948967 (4), 15821150 (4), 16306350 (3), 19483106 (2) (see all 100)
gw7647	80.72	34	19887568 (3), 19483106 (2), 18823978 (2), 14557369 (2) (see all 28)
pfoa	79.21	74	18467677 (6), 18281256 (6), 20118188 (5), 18467680 (5) (see all 31)

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1 PharmGKB drug compound relationship for PPARA gene

Drug compound	PharmGKB Relations	PubMed IDs for articles supporting these relationships
fenofibrate	PD GN	12042669 15608561

About this table

(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 223 Homo sapiens; Apr 2 2010) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Millipore and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene, microRNA from SABiosciences,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, Primers from OriGene and/or SABiosciences,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
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Inhib. RNA:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (PPARA)
		Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs: NM_001001928 NM_005036
		Origene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector (see all 4): PPARA Origene shRNA RFP (see all 4): PPARA Origene basic RS shRNA (see all 4): PPARA
		Sigma-Aldrich siRNA Panels and siRNA for PPARA Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for PPARA Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

microRNA:		10/34 SABiosciences microRNAs that regulate PPARA (see all 34 ):
		hsa-miR-128b hsa-let-7d hsa-miR-106a hsa-miR-128 hsa-let-7g hsa-miR-124 hsa-miR-9 hsa-let-7a hsa-miR-506 hsa-miR-181b

Assays:

Applied Biosystems TaqMan® Gene Expression Assays:

NM_001001928 NM_005036

Clones:

Origene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): PPARA
Origene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): PPARA
Origene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 4): PPARA

Primers:		Origene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: PPARA
		SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay for PPARA: PPH01281A

REFSEQ mRNAs for PPARA gene (2 alternative transcripts):

NM_001001928.2 NM_005036.4

Additional cDNA sequence: AF086231.1

11 DOTS entries:

DT.407609 DT.75189634 DT.75100475 DT.204727 DT.70104478 DT.100755573 DT.120629902 DT.100743056

DT.91712491 DT.95368145 DT.315850

24/200 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 200 ):

AI954561 BM996338 AI271821 AA461392 BU622522 BQ022877 BM272649 AL600937

NM_001001928 BC004162 AA587942 AU104848 AW192330 BE019481 BC071932 BF001489

T81505 NM_001001930 BE280369 AU099251 AB073605 BQ024839 AA359926 T70198

highest scoring ESTs for PPARA:

AA910945 L02932 AA088465 AA203592 AA315670 AA345311 AA347510 AA352097 AA424295 AA442693

Unigene Clusters for PPARA:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha

Hs.103110 [show with all ESTs], Hs.710044 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequences: NM_005036, BX091396

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/8 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PPARA (see all 8 )

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	^	2	^	3	^	4a	·	4b	^	5	^	6a	·	6b	^	7a	·	7b	^	8	^	9a	·	9b	·	9c	·	9d	^	10	^	11a	·	11b
SP1:													-								-										-
SP2:													-								-										-
SP3:																					-
SP4:									-		-		-								-
SP5:									-		-		-								-

About this scheme

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for PPARA

14 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations:

ENST00000406390 ENST00000434345 ENST00000396000 ENST00000496865 ENST00000262735 ENST00000402126

ENST00000415785 ENST00000481567 ENST00000484619 ENST00000493286 ENST00000460086 ENST00000420804

ENST00000440343 ENST00000407236

(Experimental results according to ¹GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to ²GeneAnnot , ³GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 223 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems, Primers from OriGene and/or SABiosciences )
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PPARA expression in normal and diseased human tissues

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for PPARA

¹ / ² / ³

21 probe-sets matching PPARA gene

Affymetrix probe-set	Array	# genes	Sensitivity	Specificity	Correlation	Length	Gb_Accession	Consensus	Uniqueness	Score	Rank
Affymetrix probe-set	Array	GeneAnnot data			GeneNote data		GeneTide data
929_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	1	1.00	1.00	0.63	0.91	L02932	1.00	1.00	1.00	1
90256_at²^{, 3}	U95-E	1	0.94	1.00	0.84	1.77	AA910945	1.00	1.00	1.00	1
47512_at²^{, 3}	U95-B	1	0.94	1.00	0.43	0.71	AA461080	0.80	1.00	0.91	1
59974_r_at²^{, 3}	U95-C	1	0.69	1.00	0.42	0.45	H06591	0.80	1.00	0.91	1
42375_at²^{, 3}	U95-B	1	0.31	1.00	0.87	0.67	W57621	0.40	1.00	0.76	1
223438_s_at²^{, 3}	U133-B	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	BC004162	0.80	1.00	0.91	1
223437_at²^{, 3}	U133-B	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	N48315	0.80	1.00	0.91	1
206870_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	NM_005036	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
244689_at²^{, 3}	U133-B	1	0.91	1.00	--	--	AA461080	0.80	1.00	0.91	1
226978_at²^{, 3}	U133-B	1	0.91	1.00	--	--	AA910945	1.00	1.00	1.00	1
210771_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	0.46	1.00	--	--	BC000052	0.40	1.00	0.76	1
237142_at²^{, 3}	U133-B	1	0.27	1.00	--	--	AI939604	0.40	1.00	0.76	1
223437_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
206870_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
223438_s_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
244689_at²	U133Plus2	1	0.91	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
226978_at²	U133Plus2	1	0.91	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
1558631_at²	U133Plus2	1	0.73	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
210771_at²	U133Plus2	1	0.46	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
1560981_a_at²	U133Plus2	1	0.36	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
237142_at²	U133Plus2	1	0.27	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

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PPARA for expression About GeneDecksing

Data from Genenote (Publications) and GNF BioGPS
About these images

About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: GCTGTTAGAT

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene clusters: Hs.103110 Hs.710044

Expression variation in blood from EXPOLDB for PPARA

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARA_HUMAN, Q07869

Tissue specificity: Skeletal muscle, liver, heart and kidney

Primers:		Origene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: PPARA
		SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay for PPARA: PPH01281A

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD and/or ⁵MGI May 08 2010, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
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Orthologs for PPARA gene from 5/8 species (see all 8 )

Organism	Gene	Locus	Description	Human Similarity	NCBI accessions
dog (Canis familiaris)	PPARA¹	--	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	87.46(n) 94.66(a)	403654 NM_001003093.1 NP_001003093.1
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)	PPARA¹	--	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	99.57(n) 100(a)	458910 XM_001136299.1 XP_001136299.1
cow (Bos taurus)	PPARA¹	--	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	85.75(n) 94.87(a)	281992 NM_001034036.1 NP_001029208.1
rat (Rattus norvegicus)	Ppara¹	--	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	85.19(n) 92.09(a)	25747 NM_013196.1 NP_037328.1
mouse (Mus musculus)	Ppara^{1, 5}	15 (48.80 cM)⁵	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha^{1, 5}	85.54(n)¹ 92.31(a)¹	19013¹ NM_011144.3¹ NP_035274.2¹ AI118064⁵ AK030241⁵ (see all 22)

About this table Species with no ortholog for PPARA

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PPARA

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene
and ²Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to ³Pseudogene.org)
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Paralogs for PPARA gene

VDR² PPARD² NR1I2² RARG² THRB² RARA² NR1H4² NR1D2²

RARB² RORA² RORB² RORC² NR1D1² NR1I3² PPARG² NR1H2²

THRA² NR1H3²

PPARA for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
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10/885 NCBI SNPs in PPARA are shown (see all 885 )
(Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay) (see all 196)

AB	SNP ID	Valid	Chr 22 pos	Sequence	Recs	AA Chg	Type	More	Recs	Pop	Total sample	More
AB	Genomic Data				Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--			--
--	rs6008306^1,2	C,F,A,H	29584126(+)	`AGGGGG/AGTGCT`	2	--	ng3¹		5	NS EA WA	801
	rs11704508^1,2	C,F,H	46638540(+)	`CTCATA/GTTCTT`	2	--	ut3¹ ese³		9	NS EA NA	912
	rs7286168^1,2	C,F,H	46636470(+)	`AGAGGC/TAAGAA`	2	--	ut3¹ ese³		7	NS EA NA WA	901
--	rs5766804^1,2	C,A,H	46636975(+)	`TTATTC/GGATGC`	2	--	ut3¹ ese³		4	NS EA	414
--	rs1134224^1,2	C,F,H	46633371(+)	`acatcA/Tgtagt`	2	--	ut3¹		2	NA	118
	rs6008259^1,2	C,F,A	46633782(+)	`CCCCAG/ACGACC`	2	--	ut3¹ ese³		9	NS EA NA	676
	rs11704979^1,2	C,F,H	46632994(+)	`GTATCG/ATCGAT`	2	--	ut3¹		10	NS EA NA	896
	rs9626814^1,2	C,F,A	46637254(+)	`ACAGTG/ATACAC`	2	--	ut3¹ ese³		16	NS EA NA WA	1418
	rs1055657^1,2	C,F,A	46638117(+)	`GGGGGG/ACATGC`	2	--	ut3¹		3	MN NA WA	306
	rs10154668^1,2	C,A,H	29584144(+)	`CCCCCG/AGCAGG`	2	--	ng3¹		4	NS EA	402

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HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for PPARA (up to first 250kb)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 2 variations for PPARA
1 CNV: 6151
1 Indel: 59077

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, LSDB, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
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PPARA for disorders About GeneDecksing

OMIM: 170998

10/413 Novoseek disease relationships for PPARA gene (see all 413 )

Disease	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
dyslipidemia	67.73	117	17998026 (3), 10855543 (3), 10828087 (3), 20097691 (2) (see all 100)
fatty liver	63.31	111	15368442 (4), 10844002 (4), 20204774 (3), 19427351 (3) (see all 84)
hepatocarcinogenesis	34.59	58	20049115 (5), 15447978 (4), 9855014 (2), 9548566 (2) (see all 45)
insulin sensitivity	33.33	103	15910175 (5), 17184146 (4), 12475752 (4), 17904198 (3) (see all 77)
insulin resistance	29.26	158	17388862 (6), 16123338 (5), 14670996 (5), 17652964 (4) (see all 100)
cardiac hypertrophy	18.04	49	15708355 (5), 19699196 (4), 18812456 (3), 18187461 (3) (see all 32)
atherosclerosis	14.95	147	17631413 (6), 15578089 (4), 17724261 (3), 11914252 (3) (see all 100)
hypolipidemia	14.13	10	10725473 (2), 9915808 (1), 9769363 (1), 9620871 (1) (see all 9)
inflammation	12.39	277	17897854 (6), 18997058 (5), 19533851 (4), 17347305 (4) (see all 100)
carnitine; muscle	11.32	10	9726988 (1), 20110694 (1), 16925851 (1), 16492688 (1) (see all 10)

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2 PharmGKB disease relationships for PPARA gene

Disease	PharmGKB Relations	PubMed IDs for articles supporting these relationships
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent	PD GN	15608561
Hyperlipidemia	PD	12042669

About this table

Human Gene Mutation Database: PPARA
Genetic Association Database: PPARA
Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: PPARA (98 documents)

(Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
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(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Novoseek, ²HGNC, ³Entrez Gene, ⁴UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁵UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁶GAD, and/or ⁷PharmGKB)
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10/1863 PubMed articles for PPARA gene (see all 1863 ):

Effect of apolipoprotein E, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and lipoprotein lipase gene mutations on the ability of fenofibrate to improve lipid profiles and reach clinical guideline targets among hypertriglyceridemic patients. (PubMed id 12042669)^{1, 3, 6, 7} Brisson D....Gaudet D. (2002)
cDNA cloning, chromosomal mapping, and functional characterization of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor. (PubMed id 7684926)^{1, 2, 3, 4} Sher T.... Gonzales F.J. (1993)
Response to micronized fenofibrate treatment is associated with the peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors alpha G/C intron7 polymorphism in subjects with type 2 diabetes. (PubMed id 15608561)^{3, 6, 7} Foucher C....Steiner G. (2004)
The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. (PubMed id 10591208)^{2, 3, 4} Dunham I....O'Brien K.P. (1999)
Structure of the PPARalpha and -gamma ligand binding domain in complex with AZ 242; ligand selectivity and agonist activation in the PPAR family. (PubMed id 11587644)^{1, 3, 4} Cronet P.... Bamberg K. (2001)
Identification of the PPARA locus on chromosome 22q13.3 as a modifier gene in familial combined hyperlipidemia. (PubMed id 12468272)^{1, 3, 6} Eurlings P.M....de Bruin T.W. (2002)
Variations in the genes encoding the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma in psoriasis. (PubMed id 15083308)^{1, 3, 6} Mossner R....Reich K. (2004)
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha gene variation influences age of onset and progression of type 2 diabetes. (PubMed id 15677519)^{1, 3, 6} Flavell D.M....Humphries S.E. (2005)
Polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha gene influences the risk for Alzheimer's disease. (PubMed id 12938026)^{1, 3, 6} Brune S....Heun R. (2003)
Mutation screening of the PPARalpha gene in type 2 diabetes associated with coronary heart disease. (PubMed id 11119019)^{1, 3, 6} Lacquemant C....Froguel P. (2000)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 5465	HGNC: 9232	AceView: PPARA	Ensembl:ENSG00000186951	euGenes: HUgn5465
ECgene: PPARA	Kegg: 5465	H-InvDB: PPARA

(According to HUGE)
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(According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for PPARA	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Wikipedia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor
SeattleSNPs	http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/ppara/

Intellectual Property for PPARA gene
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Patent Information for PPARA gene:

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PPARA Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 70

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