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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

POLK Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 56
GCID: GC05P074843

polymerase (DNA directed) kappa

(Previous symbol: DINB1)

Explore 12 diseases affiliated with
POLK via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Polymerase (DNA Directed) Kappa¹ ²		EC 2.7.7.7³ ⁸
DINB1¹ ² ³ ⁵		DNA Polymerase Kappa²
DINP¹ ² ³		DINB Protein³
POLQ¹ ² ⁵

External Ids:	HGNC: 9183¹	Entrez Gene: 51426²	Ensembl: ENSG00000122008⁷	OMIM: 605650⁵	UniProtKB: Q9UBT6³

Export aliases for POLK gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC05P073614 GC05P075044 GC05P074846 GC05P074891 GC05P070013

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for POLK:

External and internal DNA-damaging agents continually threaten the integrity of genetic material in cells. Although a

variety of repair mechanisms exist to remove the resulting lesions, some lesions escape repair and block the

replication machinery. Members of the Y family of DNA polymerases, such as POLK, permit the continuity of the

replication fork by allowing replication through such DNA lesions. Each Y family polymerase has a unique DNA-damage

bypass and fidelity profile. POLK is specialized for the extension step of lesion bypass (summary by Lone et al., 2007

(PubMed 17317631)).(supplied by OMIM, Jan 2010)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: POLK_HUMAN, Q9UBT6

Function: DNA polymerase specifically involved in DNA repair. Plays an important role in translesion synthesis, where

the normal high-fidelity DNA polymerases cannot proceed and DNA synthesis stalls. Depending on the context, it inserts

the correct base, but causes frequent base transitions, transversions and frameshifts. Lacks 3'-5' proofreading

exonuclease activity. Forms a Schiff base with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate at abasic sites, but does not have lyase

activity

Gene Wiki entry for POLK

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000005.9 NC_018916.1 NT_006713.15

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the POLK gene promoter:
AREB6 HEN1 CREB Sp1 p53 deltaCREB Cdc5
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 3): POLK promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for POLK

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat POLK

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 5q13 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 5q13.3 HGNC cytogenetic band: 5q13

POLK Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
POLK gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 5 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC05P074843: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	74,807,581 bp from pter	End:	74,896,969 bp from pter
Size:	89,389 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: POLK_HUMAN, Q9UBT6 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: DNA polymerase kappa

Size: 870 amino acids; 98809 Da

Cofactor: Divalent metal cations. Prefers magnesium, but can also use manganese

Subunit: Interacts with REV1 (By similarity). Interacts with PCNA

Subcellular location: Nucleus. Note=Detected throughout the nucleus and at replication foci

6 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for POLK:

1T94 (3D)

2OH2 (3D)

2W7O (3D)

2W7P (3D)

3IN5 (3D)

3PZP (3D)

Secondary accessions: B2RBD2 Q86VJ8 Q8IZY0 Q8IZY1 Q8NB30 Q96L01 Q96Q86 Q96Q87 Q9UHC5

Alternative splicing: 4 isoforms: Q9UBT6-1 Q9UBT6-2 Q9UBT6-3 Q9UBT6-4 (May be produced at very low levels due to a premature stop codon in the mRNA, leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for POLK: NX_Q9UBT6

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q9UBT6

3 DME Specific Peptides for POLK (Q9UBT6)

AAVEMRD

DMDAFYA

LTASAGIAP

POLK Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_057302.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000241436 ENSP00000421997 ENSP00000422094 ENSP00000421879 ENSP00000425208

ENSP00000424174 ENSP00000423526 ENSP00000420997 ENSP00000425075 ENSP00000424859

ENSP00000426853 ENSP00000423532 ENSP00000342256 ENSP00000369848

Human Recombinant Protein Products for POLK:

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
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	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	OriGene Purified Protein: POLK OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: POLK OriGene Custom Protein Services for POLK
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for POLK
	Novus Biologicals POLK Protein Novus Biologicals POLK Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
	Browse Proteins at Uscn

Gene Ontology (GO): 1 cellular component term (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005634	nucleus	IEA	--

POLK for ontologies About GeneDecksing

POLK Antibody Products:

	Browse EMD Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
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	GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for POLK
	Novus Biologicals POLK Antibodies
	Abcam antibodies for POLK
	Browse Antibodies at Uscn
	Search ThermoFisher Antibodies for POLK

Assay Products for POLK:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for POLK
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Browse ELISAs and CLIAs at Uscn

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

POLK for domains About GeneDecksing

5/6 InterPro domains/families (see all 6):

IPR001126 DNA_repair_prot_UmuC-like

IPR017963 DNA_repair_prot_UmuC-like_N

IPR017961 DNA_pol_Y-fam_little_finger

IPR024728 PolY_HhH_motif

IPR006642 Znf_Rad18_put

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q9UBT6

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q9UBT6

1 Blocks protein family: IPB001126 UMUC-like DNA-repair protein

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: POLK_HUMAN, Q9UBT6

Domain: The catalytic core consists of fingers, palm and thumb subdomains, but the fingers and thumb subdomains are

much smaller than in high-fidelity polymerases; residues from five sequence motifs of the Y-family cluster around an

active site cleft that can accommodate DNA and nucleotide substrates with relaxed geometric constraints, with

consequently higher rates of misincorporation and low processivity

Similarity: Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-Y family

Similarity: Contains 2 UBZ-type zinc fingers

Similarity: Contains 1 umuC domain

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, inGenious Targeting Laboratory,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, Sirion Biotech, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: POLK_HUMAN, Q9UBT6

Function: DNA polymerase specifically involved in DNA repair. Plays an important role in translesion synthesis, where

the normal high-fidelity DNA polymerases cannot proceed and DNA synthesis stalls. Depending on the context, it inserts

the correct base, but causes frequent base transitions, transversions and frameshifts. Lacks 3'-5' proofreading

exonuclease activity. Forms a Schiff base with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate at abasic sites, but does not have lyase

activity

Catalytic activity: Deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1)

Biophysicochemical properties: pH dependence: Optimum pH is 6.5-7.5; Temperature dependence: Optimum temperature is 37

degrees Celsius;

Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 2.7.7.7¹ ²

Gene Ontology (GO): 3 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0003684	damaged DNA binding	IEA	--
GO:0003887	DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity	IEA	--
GO:0046872	metal ion binding	IEA	--

POLK for ontologies About GeneDecksing

Phenotypes:
2 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for POLK:

Synthetic lethal with Ras

Upregulation of Wnt/beta-caten

3 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Polk):

cellular

homeostasis/metabolism

immune system

POLK for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:
Mouse knock-outs for POLK: Polk^tm1Hohm Polk^tm1.1Rsky

inGenious Targeting Laboratory - Customizable classic, inducible, and humanized mouse model solutions for POLK

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: POLK Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat POLK
		8/33 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate POLK (see all 33):
		hsa-miR-520f hsa-miR-520e hsa-miR-302d hsa-miR-429 hsa-miR-548k hsa-miR-25 hsa-miR-372 hsa-miR-4325

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: POLK 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for POLK (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: POLK OriGene siRNA: POLK
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat POLK
		Sirion Biotech Custom design and validation of potent shRNA sequences against POLK

Gene Editing Products:			DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for POLK
			Sirion Biotech Customized adenovirus for overexpression of POLK Sirion Biotech Customized adenovirus for potent knockdown of POLK

Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for POLK (see all 4) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for POLK OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: POLK (NM_016218)
		Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for POLK
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat POLK

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for POLK
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for POLK
		Sirion Biotech Customized stable knockdown cell line services for POLK Sirion Biotech Customized inducible knockdown cell line services for POLK Sirion Biotech Customized stable overexpressing cell line services for POLK Sirion Biotech Customized inducible overexpressing cell line services for POLK

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for POLK

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Cell Cycle Control of Chromosomal Replication

Cell Cycle Control of Chromosomal Replication

1.00

Chks in Checkpoint Regulation

DNA Repair Mechanisms

0.32

2 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for POLK

	DNA Repair Mechanisms
	Cell Cycle Control of Chromosomal Replication

Interactions:

Search SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for POLK

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 8)

5/9 Interacting proteins for POLK (Q9UBT6³ ENSP00000241436⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 9)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
REV1	Q9UBZ9³, ENSP00000258428⁴	I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000258428
PCNA	P12004³, ENSP00000368438⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000368438
RAD18	Q9NS91³, ENSP00000264926⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000264926
XRCC1	P18887³, ENSP00000262887⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000262887
RPA1	P27694³, ENSP00000254719⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000254719

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 3 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006260	DNA replication	IEA	--
GO:0006281	DNA repair	TAS	10620008
GO:0006297	nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap filling	IMP	--

POLK for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

POLK for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for POLK

8 HMDB Compounds for POLK About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
Magnesium	Magnesium (see all 2)	7439-95-4	--
Manganese	manganese	7439-96-5	--
Phosphoric acid	acide phosphorique (FRENCH) (see all 20)	7664-38-2	--
Pyrophosphate	(4-)Diphosphoric acid ion (see all 10)	14000-31-8	--
Thymidine 5'-triphosphate	2'-Deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate (see all 13)	365-08-2	--
dATP	2'-Deoxy-5'-ATP (see all 8)	1927-31-7	--
dCTP	2'-deoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate (see all 4)	2056-98-6	--
dGTP	2'-Deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate (see all 4)	2564-35-4	--

3 DrugBank Compounds for POLK About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
1,2,3-TRIHYDROXY-1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDROBENZO[A]PYRENE	--	--	target	--	10592235
1-[2-DEOXYRIBOFURANOSYL]-2,4-DIFLUORO-5-METHYL-BENZENE-5'MONOPHOSPHATE	--	--	target	--	10592235
2'-deoxy-N-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)guanosine 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate)	--	--	target	--	10592235

2 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for POLK gene About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
benzo(a)pyrene	60.2	1	19542228 (1)
cisplatin	16.9	1	12778700 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about POLK

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for POLK gene:

NM_016218.2

Unigene Cluster for POLK:

Polymerase (DNA directed) kappa

Hs.732105 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_016218

18/19 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant (see all 19):

ENST00000241436(uc003kdw.3 uc003kdx.3 uc003kdy.3 uc003kec.3 uc010izs.3 uc003ked.3 uc003kee.3)

ENST00000503479 ENST00000510815 ENST00000506928 ENST00000505774 ENST00000514296(uc003kdz.2)

ENST00000508867(uc003kea.3) ENST00000515295(uc003keb.3) ENST00000514141(uc010izr.3)

ENST00000511527 ENST00000504026 ENST00000505975 ENST00000508526 ENST00000509126

ENST00000507073 ENST00000505069 ENST00000502567 ENST00000352007(uc010izq.3)

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: POLK Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat POLK
		8/33 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate POLK (see all 33):
		hsa-miR-520f hsa-miR-520e hsa-miR-302d hsa-miR-429 hsa-miR-548k hsa-miR-25 hsa-miR-372 hsa-miR-4325

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: POLK 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for POLK (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: POLK OriGene siRNA: POLK
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat POLK
		Sirion Biotech Custom design and validation of potent shRNA sequences against POLK

Clone Products:		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for POLK (see all 4) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for POLK OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: POLK (NM_016218)
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for POLK
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat POLK

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for POLK Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat POLK
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat POLK
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat POLK

Additional cDNA sequence:

AB027564.1 AB209291.1 AF163570.1 AF194973.1 AF315601.1 AF315602.1 AF318313.1 AK026316.1

AK091659.1 AK314610.1 AY769932.1 BC014955.2 BC041798.2 BC050718.1

16 DOTS entries:

DT.86846450 DT.100793764 DT.95126455 DT.120830249 DT.120830320 DT.95277004 DT.95361013 DT.100023167

DT.100793763 DT.121633180 DT.40286876 DT.95277007 DT.99941471 DT.75101732 DT.101963549 DT.75124739

24/171 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 171):

BC041798 AK091659 CD722627 AA985122 AI375146 BP364061 AI080666 AL597059

AA704057 AI371207 AI560141 AA907554 AK026316 BC050718 AL602753 AI300388

AV752322 CK429649 AA769578 BU175377 AL598302 BE221747 AF315602 AW468655

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/9 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for POLK (see all 9) About this scheme

ExUns:	1	^	2a	·	2b	^	3	^	4	^	5	^	6	^	7	^	8	^	9	^	10	^	11	^	12	^	13a	·	13b	^	14	^	15	^	16a	·	16b	·	16c	·	16d
SP1:									-
SP2:
SP3:																											-
SP4:									-																-
SP5:																											-		-		-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for POLK

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

POLK expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: --

About this image

POLK expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

1 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartment/Cell

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Adipose

Visceral White Adipose

Adipose

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

See POLK Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for POLK

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.732105

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: POLK_HUMAN, Q9UBT6

Tissue specificity: Detected at low levels in testis, spleen, prostate and ovary. Detected at very low levels in

kidney, colon, brain, heart, liver, lung, placenta, pancreas and peripheral blood leukocytes

SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for POLK

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for POLK Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat POLK
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat POLK
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat POLK

In Situ
Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for POLK

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the last universal common ancestor (LUCA).

Orthologs for POLK gene from 8/29 species (see all 29) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Polk^{1 , 5}	polymerase (DNA directed), kappa^{1, 5}	81.73(n)¹ 77.88(a)¹		13 (50.56 cM)⁵ 27015¹ NM_012048.2¹ NP_036178.1¹ 96480689⁵
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	POLK¹	polymerase (DNA directed) kappa	66.16(n) 59.01(a)		374003 NM_204183.1 NP_989514.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	POLK⁶	--	56(a)	1 ↔ 1	2(14734021-14765105)
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	polk¹	polymerase (DNA directed) kappa	58.65(n) 56.51(a)		562749 XM_686127.5 XP_691219.4
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	F22B7.6³ polk-1¹	mucb³ Protein POLK-1¹	42(a)³ 48.97(n)¹ 45.45(a)¹		III(8698443-8700218)³ 176209¹ NM_001129220.1¹ NP_001122692.1¹
thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)	eudicotyledons	AT1G49980⁶	DNA polymerase kappa subunit	34(a)	1 ↔ 1	1(18507971-18513172)
rice (Oryza sativa)	Liliopsida	Os.9549²	Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group) cDNA cloneJ more	70.58(n)		AK066372.1
E. coli (Escherichia coli)	Gamma proteobacteria	dinB⁶	DNA polymerase IV	35(a)	1 → many	Chromosome(250898-251953)

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for POLK (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for POLK (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for POLK gene

REV1² POLH² POLI²

POLK for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 5 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs144509338^1,2		--	74809953(+)	`GTTTAA/TGATCT`	1	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs146152067^1,2		--	74810057(+)	`TTTCTC/GTCTAG`	1	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs188763467^1,2		--	74810247(+)	`AAATTC/GGTCAG`	1	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs140150648^1,2	C	--	74810273(+)	`ATAACA/TTCATA`	1	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs181610268^1,2		--	74810345(+)	`GGTTCA/GTTTGA`	1	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs10059022^1,2	C,F,H	--	74810384(+)	`AGGTAG/AACATT`	1	--	int¹		16		NS EA NA WA	2212
rs79996311^1,2	C	--	74810448(+)	`TCATCG/CCTAGT`	1	--	int¹		2		CSA WA	120
rs187247453^1,2	C	--	74810505(+)	`ACTTTC/TAATAC`	1	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs111998238^1,2		--	74810558(+)	`AATGGC/TACATA`	1	--	int¹		1		CSA	2
rs151176935^1,2		--	74810618(+)	`CCAGAA/GGTTTG`	1	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for POLK (74807581 - 74896969 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for POLK: --

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing POLK

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for POLK

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

POLK for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 605650    OMIM disorders: --

12 diseases for POLK:    About MalaCards

cholinergic urticaria urticaria retinal telangiectasia vaginal cancer

vaginitis colorectal cancer lung cancer breast cancer

pneumonia tuberculosis prostatitis mycobacterium tuberculosis

2 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for POLK:

Brain compression Cholinergic urticaria

1 Novoseek disease relationship for POLK gene About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
cancer lung	9.87	3	15202001 (2)

Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: POLK (10 documents)

Export disorders for POLK gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
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PubMed articles for POLK gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 76):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with POLK)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Human and mouse homologs of Escherichia coli DinB (DNA polymerase IV), members of the UmuC/DinB superfamily. (PubMed id 10518552)^{1, 2, 3} Gerlach V.L....Friedberg E.C. (1999)
Human DNA polymerase kappa bypasses and extends beyond thymine glycols during translesion synthesis in vitro, preferentially incorporating correct nucleotides. (PubMed id 12145297)^{1, 2, 9} Fischhaber P.L....Friedberg E.C. (2002)
Error-prone bypass of certain DNA lesions by the human DNA polymerase kappa. (PubMed id 10887153)^{1, 3, 9} Ohashi E....Ohmori H. (2000)
Crystal structure of the catalytic core of human DNA polymerase kappa. (PubMed id 15296733)^{1, 2} Uljon S.N....Aggarwal A.K. (2004)
Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)^{1, 2} Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
Translesion synthesis past 2'-deoxyxanthosine, a nitric oxide-derived DNA adduct, by mammalian DNA polymerases. (PubMed id 15533436)^{1, 2} Yasui M.... Shibutani S. (2004)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Human DNA polymerase kappa uses template-primer misalignment as a novel means for extending mispaired termini and for generating single- base deletions. (PubMed id 12952891)^{1, 2} Wolfle W.T.... Prakash S. (2003)
A mechanism for the exclusion of low-fidelity human Y-family DNA polymerases from base excision repair. (PubMed id 14630940)^{1, 2} Haracska L.... Prakash S. (2003)
Localisation of human DNA polymerase kappa to replication foci. (PubMed id 12414988)^{1, 2} Bergoglio V.... Cazaux C. (2002)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 51426	HGNC: 9183	AceView: POLK	Ensembl:ENSG00000122008	euGenes: HUgn51426
ECgene: POLK	H-InvDB: POLK

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for POLK	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for POLK	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
NIEHS-SNPs	http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/polk/

Intellectual Property for POLK gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

About This Section

Patent Information for POLK gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving POLK

Licensable Technologies for POLK gene:

Weizmann Institute:

Increasing the efficiency of Chemotherapy by modulating the function of DNA polymerase kappa

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0 and Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, and Sirion Biotech, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, In Situ Hybridization Assays from
Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Animal models from inGenious Targeting Laboratory)
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polymerase (DNA directed) kappa

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