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PNP Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 67
GCID: GC14P021021

Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase

(Previous name: nucleoside phosphorylase)
(Previous symbol: NP)

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(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, ¹⁰fRNAdb, ¹²H-InvDB, ¹³NCBI, ¹⁴NONCODE, and/or ¹⁵RNAdb)
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Aliases
Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase¹ ²		HEL-S-156an²
NP¹ ² ³ ⁵		PRO1837²
Inosine Phosphorylase² ³		PUNP²
Inosine-Guanosine Phosphorylase² ³		Epididymis Secretory Sperm Binding Protein Li 156an²
EC 2.4.2.1³ ⁸		Purine-Nucleoside:Orthophosphate Ribosyltransferase²
Nucleoside Phosphorylase¹

External Ids:	HGNC: 7892¹	Entrez Gene: 4860²	Ensembl: ENSG00000198805⁷	OMIM: 164050⁵	UniProtKB: P00491³

Export aliases for PNP gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC14P020008 GC14P001059

(According to Entrez Gene, GeneCards, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
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Entrez Gene summary for PNP Gene:

This gene encodes an enzyme which reversibly catalyzes the phosphorolysis of purine nucleosides. The enzyme is

trimeric, containing three identical subunits. Mutations which result in nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency

result in defective T-cell (cell-mediated) immunity but can also affect B-cell immunity and antibody responses.

Neurologic disorders may also be apparent in patients with immune defects. A known polymorphism at aa position 51

that does not affect enzyme activity has been described. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 2.

(provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

GeneCards Summary for PNP Gene:

PNP (purine nucleoside phosphorylase) is a protein-coding gene. Diseases associated with PNP include pedophilia, and thoracic outlet syndrome. GO annotations related to this gene include drug binding and nucleoside binding.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PNPH_HUMAN, P00491

Function: The purine nucleoside phosphorylases catalyze the phosphorolytic breakdown of the N-glycosidic bond in

the beta-(deoxy)ribonucleoside molecules, with the formation of the corresponding free purine bases and

pentose-1-phosphate

Gene Wiki entry for PNP (Purine nucleoside phosphorylase) Gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 75), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
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RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000014.9 NC_018925.2 NT_026437.13

Regulatory elements:

Search for regulatory transcription factor binding sites for PNP
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: PNP promoter sequence

Search Chromatin IP Primers for PNP

Epigenetics:

DNA Methylation CpG Assay Predesigned for Pyrosequencing in human, mouse, rat PNP

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 14q13.1 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 14q11.2 HGNC cytogenetic band: 14q11.2

PNP Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
PNP gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 14 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC14P021021: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	20,937,113 bp from pter	End:	20,946,165 bp from pter
Size:	9,053 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, ²neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Cloud-Clone Corp.,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Cloud-Clone Corp., Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, LSBio, Abcam, and/or Cloud-Clone Corp.)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PNPH_HUMAN, P00491 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Purine nucleoside phosphorylase

Size: 289 amino acids; 32118 Da

Subunit: Homotrimer

Selected PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for PNP (see all 34):

1M73 (3D)

1PF7 (3D)

1PWY (3D)

1RCT (3D)

1RFG (3D)

1RR6 (3D)

Secondary accessions: B2R8S5 D3DS00 Q15160 Q5PZ03

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for PNP: NX_P00491

Explore proteomics data for PNP at MOPED

Post-translational modifications:

Ubiquitination² at Lys22, Lys95, Lys179, Lys211

Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus

4 DME Specific Peptides for PNP (P00491)

KVTFPVRV

VVTNAAGGLN

RFPAMSDAYDR

DAVGMSTVPEVIVA

See PNP Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED, PaxDB, and MaxQB

REFSEQ proteins: NP_000261.2

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000450663 ENSP00000354532 ENSP00000452421 ENSP00000451108

Reactome Protein details: P00491

PNP Human Recombinant Protein Products:

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
	R&D Systems Recombinant & Natural Proteins for PNP (Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase/PNP)
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	OriGene Purified Protein for PNP OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate for PNP OriGene MassSpec for PNP OriGene Custom Protein Services for PNP
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	Novus Biologicals PNP Proteins Novus Biologicals PNP Lysate
	Sino Biological Recombinant Protein for PNP Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates
	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for PNP
	Browse Proteins at Cloud-Clone Corp.

PNP Antibody Products:

	Browse EMD Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
	R&D Systems Antibodies for PNP (Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase/PNP)
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	Novus Biologicals PNP Antibodies
	Search for Antibodies for PNP at Abcam
	Browse Antibodies at Cloud-Clone Corp.
	ThermoFisher Antibodies for PNP
	LSBio Antibodies in human, mouse, rat for PNP

PNP Assay Products:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Assay Services for PNP
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	GenScript Custom Assay Services for PNP
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Browse ELISAs at Cloud-Clone Corp. Browse CLIAs at Cloud-Clone Corp.

(According to HGNC, IUPHAR, InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
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5 InterPro protein domains:

IPR018099 Purine_phosphorylase-2_CS

IPR001369 PNP/MTAP

IPR000845 Nucleoside_phosphorylase_d

IPR011270 Pur_Nuc_Pase_Ino/Guo-sp

IPR011268 Purine_phosphorylase

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P00491

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P00491

1 Blocks protein domain: IPB001369 Purine (and other) phosphorylase

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PNPH_HUMAN, P00491

Similarity: Belongs to the PNP/MTAP phosphorylase family

PNP for domains About GeneDecksing

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, inGenious Targeting Laboratory, genOway,
transcription factor targeting from QIAGEN and/or HOMER, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, SwitchGear Genomics, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, ESI BIO, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene.)
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Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: PNPH_HUMAN, P00491

Function: The purine nucleoside phosphorylases catalyze the phosphorolytic breakdown of the N-glycosidic bond in

the beta-(deoxy)ribonucleoside molecules, with the formation of the corresponding free purine bases and

pentose-1-phosphate

Catalytic activity: Purine nucleoside + phosphate = purine + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate

Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 2.4.2.1¹ ²

Gene Ontology (GO): Selected molecular function terms (see all 6): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001882	nucleoside binding	IDA	9305962
GO:0002060	purine nucleobase binding	IDA	9305962
GO:0003824	catalytic activity	--	--
GO:0004731	purine-nucleoside phosphorylase activity	IDA	16930574
GO:0008144	drug binding	IDA	18938130

PNP for ontologies About GeneDecksing

Phenotypes:
1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for PNP:

Decreased number of cells in m

6 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 7 alleles) (MGI details for Pnp):

cellular	hematopoietic system	homeostasis/metabolism	immune system	mortality/aging
renal/urinary system

PNP for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:
MGI mouse knock-out Pnp^tm1Cmr for PNP

inGenious Targeting Laboratory: Let us create your new Knockout/Knockin mouse model for PNP

inGenious Targeting Laboratory: Contact us about creating complex and humanized mouse models for PNP

genOway customized KO model: permanent, tissue-specific or time-controlled inactivation for PNP

genOway customized Knockin model: humanization, point mutation, expression monitoring, etc. for PNP

miRNA Products:		miRTarBase miRNAs that target PNP: hsa-mir-1296-5p (MIRT036138), hsa-mir-133a-3p (MIRT006571), hsa-mir-16-5p (MIRT031731), hsa-mir-196a-5p (MIRT026040), hsa-mir-186-5p (MIRT021132), hsa-mir-1 (MIRT003765), hsa-mir-124-3p (MIRT022705)

		Block miRNA regulation of human, mouse, rat PNP using miScript Target Protectors
		Selected qRT-PCR Assays for microRNAs that regulate PNP (see all 12):
		hsa-miR-3194-5p hsa-miR-206 hsa-miR-185* hsa-miR-4251 hsa-miR-202 hsa-miR-1 hsa-miR-4267 hsa-miR-3926

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PNP 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		OriGene RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PNP
		Predesigned siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PNP

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for PNP

Clone Products:		OriGene clones in human, mouse for PNP (see all 8) OriGene ORF clones in mouse, rat for PNP OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: PNP (NM_000270)
		Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PNP
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for PNP
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PNP

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for PNP
		Browse ESI BIO Cell Lines and PureStem Progenitors for PNP

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PNP

(According to UniProtKB, COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization database, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene.)
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Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

PNPH_HUMAN, P00491: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton (By similarity). Cytoplasm

Subcellular locations from COMPARTMENTS:

Compartment	Confidence
cytosol	4
cytoskeleton	2
mitochondrion	2
nucleus	2
extracellular	1
plasma membrane	1

About this image

Gene Ontology (GO): 5 cellular component terms: About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005622	intracellular	IDA	15047506
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	IDA	16930574
GO:0005829	cytosol	TAS	--
GO:0005856	cytoskeleton	IEA	--
GO:0070062	extracellular vesicular exosome	IDA	19056867

PNP for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(SuperPaths according to PathCards, Pathways according to R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Sino Biological, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to QIAGEN, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene).
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SuperPaths for PNP About (see all 6)

See pathways by source

SuperPath

Selected contained pathways About (see all per SuperPath)

Purine metabolism (REACTOME)

Purine metabolism	0.42	Purine salvage
Metabolism of nucleotides	0.42	urate biosynthesis/inosine 5-phosphate degradation
adenine and adenosine salvage III	0.00	guanine and guanosine salvage
purine nucleotides degradation	0.00	guanosine nucleotides degradation

Purine metabolism (KEGG)

	Purine metabolism	0.38			ATP ITP metabolism	0.31
	Pyrimidine metabolism	0.38

Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism

Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism

0.43

NAD metabolism

0.43

Metabolism

Metabolism

0.38

Metabolic pathways

0.38

purine nucleotide salvage

purine nucleotide salvage

0.78

Pathways by source See SuperPaths
Show all pathways

2 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for PNP

	NAD metabolism
	ATP/ITP metabolism

Selected BioSystems Pathways for PNP (see all 9)

	arsenate detoxification I (glutaredoxin)
	guanosine nucleotides degradation
	adenine and adenosine salvage III
	purine nucleotide salvage
	adenosine nucleotides degradation

2 Reactome Pathways for PNP

	Purine salvage
	Purine catabolism

4 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for PNP):

	Purine metabolism
	Pyrimidine metabolism
	Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism
	Metabolic pathways

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PNPH_HUMAN, P00491

Pathway: Purine metabolism; purine nucleoside salvage

PNP for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Custom Pathway & Disease-focused RT² Profiler PCR Arrays for PNP
Interactions:

  Search GeneGlobe Interaction Network for PNP

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

Selected Interacting proteins for PNP (P00491^{2, 3} ENSP00000354532⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 64)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
APLP1	P51693²^,³	MINT-63336 I2D: score=5
CCDC90B	Q9GZT6²^,³	MINT-63337 I2D: score=5
TP53	P04637²^,³	MINT-63335 I2D: score=5
ZHX1	Q9UKY1²^,³	MINT-63340 I2D: score=5
LRIF1	Q5T3J3²^,³	MINT-63338 I2D: score=4

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): Selected biological process terms (see all 16): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006139	nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process	IDA	3029074
GO:0006144	purine nucleobase metabolic process	TAS	--
GO:0006148	inosine catabolic process	IDA	16964310
GO:0006195	purine nucleotide catabolic process	TAS	--
GO:0006738	nicotinamide riboside catabolic process	IDA	19001417

PNP for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, ApexBio, HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, Ligands according to IUPHAR, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB)
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Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse compounds at ApexBio

Browse Tocris compounds for PNP (PNPH)

23 HMDB Compounds for PNP (see first 10) About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
Adenine	1,6-Dihydro-6-iminopurine (see all 19)	73-24-5	--
Adenosine	1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-beta-D-Ribofuranose (see all 32)	58-61-7	--
Deoxyadenosine	1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1,2-dideoxy-b-D-Ribofuranose (see all 22)	958-09-8	--
Deoxyadenosine monophosphate	2'-Deoxy-5'-adenylate (see all 24)	653-63-4	--
Deoxyguanosine	2'-Deoxyguanosine (see all 11)	961-07-9	--
Deoxyinosine	2'-Deoxyinosine (see all 10)	890-38-0	--
Deoxyribose 1-phosphate	2-deoxy-D-ribose-1-phosphate (see all 14)	17210-42-3	--
Deoxyuridine	1-(2-Deoxy-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)uracil (see all 12)	951-78-0	--
Guanine	GUN (see all 26)	73-40-5	--
Guanosine	2-Amino-1,9-dihydro-9-b-D-ribofuranosyl-6H-purin-6-one (see all 10)	118-00-3	--
Hypoxanthine	1,7-Dihydro-6H-purin-6-one (see all 20)	68-94-0	--
Inosine	(-)-Inosine (see all 41)	58-63-9	--
Niacinamide	3-Carbamoylpyridine (see all 77)	98-92-0	--
Nicotinamide riboside	1-b-D-ribosyl-3-Pyridinecarboxamide (see all 12)	1341-23-7	--
Nicotinate D-ribonucleoside	ribosylnicotinate (see all 4)	--	--
Nicotinic acid	3-Carboxylpyridine (see all 35)	59-67-6	--
Phosphate	NFB Orthophosphate (see all 13)	14265-44-2	--
Purine	1H-Purine (see all 26)	120-73-0	--
Ribose 1-phosphate	1-o-phosphono-D-ribofuranose (see all 13)	14075-00-4	--
Uracil	2,4-Dihydroxypyrimidine (see all 8)	66-22-8	--
Xanthine	1H-Purine-2,6-diol (see all 16)	69-89-6	--
Xanthosine	3,9-Dihydro-9-D-ribofuranosyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione (see all 9)	146-80-5	--
Xanthosine 5-triphosphate	5'-XTP (see all 6)	6253-56-1	--

Selected DrugBank Compounds for PNP (see all 19) About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
Cladribine	2-CdA (see all 5)	4291-63-8	target	inducer	6808516 3260648 10444166 10500836 8521855
2,6-Diamino-(S)-9-[2-(Phosphonomethoxy)Propyl]Purine	--	--	target	--	17139284 17016423 10592235
2-Amino-7-[2-(2-Hydroxy-1-Hydroxymethyl-Ethylamino)-Ethyl]-1,7-Dihydro-Purin-6-One	--	--	target	--	17139284 17016423 10592235
9-(5,5-Difluoro-5-Phosphonopentyl)Guanine	--	--	target	--	17139284 17016423 10592235
9-Deazainosine	--	89458-19-5	target	--	17139284 17016423 10592235
Hypoxanthine	--	68-94-0	target	--	17139284 17016423 10592235
Ribose-1-Phosphate	--	--	target	--	17139284 17016423 10592235
3-Deoxyguanosine	--	--	target	--	17139284 17016423
4'-Deaza-1'-Aza-2'-Deoxy-1'-(9-Methylene)-Immucillin-H, (3r,4r)-N-[9-Deazahypoxanthin-9-Yl)Methyl]-4-Hydroxymethyl-Pyrrolidin-3-Ol	--	--	target	--	17139284 17016423
8-azaguanine	Azaguanine (see all 5)	134-58-7	target	--	17139284 17016423

Selected Novoseek inferred chemical compound relationships for PNP gene (see all 102) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
purine nucleoside	99.3	962	9628722 (5), 8432666 (4), 12018991 (4), 7779212 (4) (see all 99)
9-deazaguanine	93.5	16	18066911 (2), 17544667 (1), 1789255 (1), 8515423 (1) (see all 6)
ribose 1-phosphate	92.2	31	16771490 (2), 19172318 (1), 19778725 (1), 9305963 (1) (see all 13)
mesg	91.9	10	1445214 (1), 8954523 (1), 10395483 (1), 7659511 (1) (see all 7)
6-methylpurine 2'-deoxyriboside	91.1	8	9322865 (1), 15028961 (1), 18407409 (1), 16305530 (1)
5'-methylthioinosine	90.7	2	15961383 (1), 15576366 (1)
9-(5,5-difluoro-5-phosphonopentyl)guanine	90.1	27	16263289 (1), 17544667 (1), 18029771 (1), 15272165 (1) (see all 5)
purine	89.8	163	9585525 (4), 12429535 (2), 7614469 (2), 15817485 (2) (see all 74)
inosine	89.5	71	19478237 (3), 8241176 (2), 11707439 (2), 12730608 (2) (see all 35)
7-methyl-6-thio-guanosine	86.4	4	16154528 (2), 7810877 (1), 7785781 (1)

PNP for compounds About GeneDecksing

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 236 Homo sapiens; Apr 25 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
Conferences by KenesGroup, exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN, SwitchGear Genomics,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, and/or QIAGEN )
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REFSEQ mRNAs for PNP gene:

NM_000270.3

Unigene Cluster for PNP:

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase

Hs.75514 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: AK126154

8 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000553418 ENST00000361505(uc001vxo.4) ENST00000556293(uc010ahm.2)

ENST00000557229(uc010ahn.3) ENST00000554056 ENST00000553591 ENST00000554065

ENST00000556754(uc021rns.1)

Congresses - knowledge worth sharing:
European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) 10 - 13 May 2014

miRNA Products:		Block miRNA regulation of human, mouse, rat PNP using miScript Target Protectors
		Selected qRT-PCR Assays for microRNAs that regulate PNP (see all 12):
		hsa-miR-3194-5p hsa-miR-206 hsa-miR-185* hsa-miR-4251 hsa-miR-202 hsa-miR-1 hsa-miR-4267 hsa-miR-3926

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PNP 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		OriGene RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PNP
		Predesigned siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PNP

Clone Products:		OriGene clones in human, mouse for PNP (see all 8) OriGene ORF clones in mouse, rat for PNP OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: PNP (NM_000270)
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for PNP
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PNP

Primer Products:		OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PNP OriGene qSTAR qPCR primer pairs in human, mouse for PNP
		Pre-validated RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat PNP
		QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat PNP
		QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat PNP

Additional mRNA sequence:

AK098544.1 AK126154.1 AK307340.1 AK307364.1 AK313490.1 BC104206.1 BC104207.1 BC106074.1

CR407607.1 X00737.1

17 DOTS entries:

DT.95354047 DT.100637431 DT.119477 DT.95315045 DT.95358448 DT.95156884 DT.100887960 DT.119476

DT.95314017 DT.100643362 DT.120778482 DT.120778505 DT.120778508 DT.120778518 DT.99939499 DT.100037476

DT.92446924

Selected AceView cDNA sequences (see all 517):

CD370020 AI377116 CR598982 AA156105 CR599285 BI517586 BM755821 CR608191

CR601413 CB130582 CR612303 AW250171 BM838995 CB110064 CR598701 BQ439104

CA309749 N41854 BM827103 BQ882148 CA312737 AW403290 CR604278 AK098544

GeneLoc Exon Structure

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE ¹MOPED, ²PaxDb, and ³MaxQB, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from QIAGEN, Primers from OriGene, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
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PNP expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS <intensity>^2/3
CGAP TAG: TGCCTCTGTC

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PNP expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells About this table

Data from LifeMap, the Embryonic Development and Stem Cells Database
selected tissues (see all 6) fully expand


Neural Tube (Nervous System) fully expand to see all 2 entries
Metencephalon

Brain (Nervous System) fully expand to see all 2 entries
Cerebral Cortex

Thymus (Hematopoietic System)
Thymus

Gut Tube (Gastrointestinal Tract)
Foregut

Liver (Hepatobiliary System)
Liver Lobule

PNP Protein expression data from MOPED¹, PaxDb² and MaxQB³:

About this image

PNP Protein Expression

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.75514

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PNPH_HUMAN, P00491

Tissue specificity: Expressed in red blood cells; overexpressed in red blood cells (cytoplasm) of patients with

hereditary non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia of unknown etiology

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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
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This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals and fungi.

Orthologs for PNP gene from Selected species (see all 20) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Pnp^{1 , 5}	purine-nucleoside phosphorylase^{1, 5}	84.2(n)¹ 84.43(a)¹		14 (26.31 cM)⁵ 18950¹ NM_013632.4¹ NP_038660.1¹ 50944302⁵
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	PNP¹	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	62.32(n) 61.96(a)		769958 XM_003641902.2 XP_003641950.2
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	PNP⁶	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	68(a)	1 ↔ 1	GL343220.1(1237094-1262614)
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	BC047264.1²	--	72.41(n)		BC047264.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	wufc27g06²	Transcribed sequence with weak similarity to protein more	71.49(n)		CK028042.1
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	CG16758¹	CG16758	55.36(n) 51.24(a)		38315 NM_001274401.1 NP_001261330.1
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	K02D7.1¹	K02D7.1	50.19(n) 47.49(a)		176851 NM_067499.7 NP_499900.1
baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)	Saccharomycetes	PNP1(YLR209C)⁴ PNP1¹	Purine nucleoside phosphorylase, specifically metabolizes more⁴ PNP1¹	54.81(n)¹ 52.43(a)¹		12(561732-560797)⁴ 850906^{1, 4} NP_013310.1^{1, 4}

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PNP (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for PNP (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
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Paralogs for PNP gene

PNP for paralogs About GeneDecksing

1 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogene for PNP
PGOHUM00000240104

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, ⁴UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD), the Human Cytochrome P450 Allele Nomenclature Database, and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays, and Copy Number PCR Arrays from QIAGEN)
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SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 14 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
VAR_002245⁴		Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency (PNPD)⁴	--	see VAR_002245	2	D G	mis⁴		0	--	--	--	--
VAR_002247⁴		Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency (PNPD)⁴	--	see VAR_002247	2	R P	mis⁴		0	--	--	--	--
VAR_002246⁴		Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency (PNPD)⁴	--	see VAR_002246	2	A P	mis⁴		0	--	--	--	--
VAR_002244⁴		Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency (PNPD)⁴	--	see VAR_002244	2	E K	mis⁴		0	--	--	--	--
VAR_010653⁴		Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency (PNPD)⁴	--	see VAR_010653	2	Y C	mis⁴		0	--	--	--	--
rs1049564^1,2,,4	C,F,A,H	non-pathogenic¹	1939711(-)	`TTCACC/TGTAGT`	2	S G	mis¹		29		NA EU NS EA WA CSA	8505
rs104894455^1,2	C	pathogenic¹	1939630(+)	`AGCACC/TGACCT`	2	R *	stg¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs104894460^1,2	C	pathogenic¹	1939732(+)	`TTCCCC/TGAAGT`	2	R *	stg¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs104894453^1,2	C	pathogenic¹	1941820(+)	`TGTATA/GAAGGG`	2	K E	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs104894450^1,2	C	pathogenic¹	1942135(+)	`TGGAGA/GTATCA`	2	D G	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for PNP (20937113 - 20946165 bp)

Structural Variations
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) 1 variation for PNP: About this table

Variant ID	Type	Subtype	PubMed ID
esv23438	CNV	Gain+Loss	19812545

Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): PNP
Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB): PNP

Site Specific Mutation Identification with PCR Assays

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DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for PNP

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Conferences by KenesGroup, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
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OMIM gene information: 164050
OMIM disorders: 613179
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PNPH_HUMAN, P00491

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency (PNPD) [MIM:613179]: A disorder that interrupts both the

catabolism of inosine into hypoxanthine and guanosine into guanine, and leads to the accumulation of guanosine,

inosine, and their deoxified by-products. The main clinical presentation is recurrent infections due to severe

T-cell immunodeficiency. Some patients also have neurologic impairment. Note=The disease is caused by mutations

affecting the gene represented in this entry

Selected diseases for PNP (see all 63):
About MalaCards

pedophilia thoracic outlet syndrome purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency immunodeficiency due to purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency

adenosine deaminase deficiency exhibitionism lesch-nyhan syndrome lymphopenia

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy t lymphocyte deficiency molybdenum cofactor deficiency primary immunodeficiency disease

gout cutaneous leishmaniasis severe combined immunodeficiency common variable immunodeficiency

schistosomiasis cockayne syndrome leishmaniasis hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

5 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for PNP:

Primary immunodeficiency disease Schizophrenia Lesch-Nyhan syndrome Pedophilia

Leukemia

PNP for disorders About GeneDecksing

Congresses - knowledge worth sharing:
The International Symposium on Pneumococci and Pneumococcal Diseases (ISPPD) 9 - 13 March 2014
Alzheimer's & Parkinson's Diseases Congress (ADPD) 18 - 22 March 2015

Selected Novoseek inferred disease relationships for PNP gene (see all 52) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
adenosine deaminase deficiency	74.3	5	9605997 (2), 16176880 (1), 1696525 (1), 1988230 (1)
hypouricemia	59.7	6	8976110 (1), 8673045 (1), 1929018 (1), 8665699 (1)
severe combined immunodeficiency	56.7	18	8931706 (2), 1560016 (2), 1384322 (1), 8976114 (1) (see all 9)
molybdenum cofactor deficiency	52	1	10759467 (1)
lesch-nyhan syndrome	50.4	1	8976090 (1)
immunodeficiency	47.8	47	19733163 (3), 20210752 (2), 7918681 (1), 17641261 (1) (see all 31)
leukemia t-cell	43.4	7	1573639 (1), 15299840 (1), 8592572 (1), 9403342 (1) (see all 5)
t-all	41.3	2	18086346 (1), 18086344 (1)
lymphopenia	39.1	9	15571269 (1), 18086347 (1), 16131572 (1), 16778146 (1) (see all 5)
developmental delay	37.6	8	19733163 (1), 11902746 (1), 17910661 (1), 15520787 (1) (see all 6)

Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: PNP (15 documents)

Export disorders for PNP gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
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PubMed articles for PNP gene, integrated from 10 sources (see all 464):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with PNP)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Human purine nucleoside phosphorylase cDNA sequence and genomic clone characterization. (PubMed id 6087295)^{1, 2, 3} Williams S.R.... Martin D.W. Jr. (Nucleic Acids Res. 1984)
Molecular analysis of mutations in a patient with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. (PubMed id 1384322)^{1, 2, 9} Aust M.R....Markert M.L. (Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1992)
Two novel missense and frameshift mutations in exons 5 and 6 of the purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) gene in a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) patient. (PubMed id 8931706)^{1, 2, 9} Pannicke U.... Schwarz K. (Hum. Genet. 1996)
Genetic variation in genes associated with arsenic metabolism: glutathione S-transferase omega 1-1 and purine nucleoside phosphorylase polymorphisms in European and indigenous Americans. (PubMed id 12928150)^{1, 2, 9} Yu L.... Klimecki W.T. (Environ. Health Perspect. 2003)
Three-dimensional structure of human erythrocytic purine nucleoside phosphorylase at 3.2-A resolution. (PubMed id 2104852)^{1, 2, 9} Ealick S.E.... Bugg C.E. (J. Biol. Chem. 1990)
Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)^{1, 2} Ota T.... Sugano S. (Nat. Genet. 2004)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S.... Malek J. (Genome Res. 2004)
A human purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency caused by a single base change. (PubMed id 3029074)^{1, 2} Williams S.R.... Martin D.W. Jr. (J. Biol. Chem. 1987)
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. (PubMed id 1931007)^{1, 9} Markert M.L. (Immunodefic Rev 1991)
Intracellular delivery of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) fused to protein transduction domain corrects PNP deficiency in vitro. (PubMed id 16930574)^{1, 9} Toro A....Grunebaum E. (Cell. Immunol. 2006)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 4860	HGNC: 7892	AceView: NP	Ensembl:ENSG00000198805	euGenes: HUgn4860
ECgene: PNP	Kegg: 4860	H-InvDB: PNP

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL, and/or others, e.g. Wikipedia and GeneReviews, via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for PNP	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
NPbase	http://bioinf.uta.fi/NPbase/
GeneReviews	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116/?term=NP[genesymbol]

Intellectual Property for PNP gene
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Patent Information for PNP gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving PNP

GeneCards and IP:
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Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Animal models from inGenious Targeting Laboratory, genOway)
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Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase

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ENZYME DEFICIENCY
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BREAST CARCINOMA
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Leukemia T-Cell
Colon Cancer
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Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase

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