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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

PLK2 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 62
GCID: GC05M057749

polo-like kinase 2

(Previous name: polo-like kinase 2 (Drosophila) )
 Explore 19 diseases affiliated with
PLK2 via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for PLK2    

Aliases
for PLK2 gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Polo-Like Kinase 21 2 3     HSNK1
SNK1 2 3 5     EC 2.7.11.213 8
Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase SNK2 3     Polo-Like Kinase 2 (Drosophila)1
Serum-Inducible Kinase2 3     Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase PLK22
PLK-22 3     EC 2.7.118
HPlk21     

External Ids:    HGNC: 196991   Entrez Gene: 107692   Ensembl: ENSG000001456327   OMIM: 6070235   UniProtKB: Q9NYY33   

Export aliases for PLK2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC05M057765 GC05M057785 GC05M054706


Summaries
for PLK2 gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for PLK2:
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the polo family of serine/threonine protein kinases that have a role in
normal cell division. This gene is most abundantly expressed in testis, spleen and fetal tissues, and its expression
is inducible by serum, suggesting that it may also play an important role in cells undergoing rapid cell division.
Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (provided by
RefSeq, Nov 2011)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PLK2_HUMAN, Q9NYY3
Function: Tumor suppressor serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in synaptic plasticity, centriole duplication and
G1/S phase transition. Polo-like kinases act by binding and phosphorylating proteins are that already phosphorylated
on a specific motif recognized by the POLO box domains. Phosphorylates CENPJ, NPM1, RAPGEF2, RASGRF1, SNCA, SIPA1L1
and SYNGAP1. Plays a key role in synaptic plasticity and memory by regulating the Ras and Rap protein signaling:
required for overactivity-dependent spine remodeling by phosphorylating the Ras activator RASGRF1 and the Rap
inhibitor SIPA1L1 leading to their degradation by the proteasome. Conversely, phosphorylates the Rap activator RAPGEF2
and the Ras inhibitor SYNGAP1, promoting their activity. Also regulates synaptic plasticity independently of kinase
activity, via its interaction with NSF that disrupts the interaction between NSF and the GRIA2 subunit of AMPARs,
leading to a rapid rundown of AMPAR-mediated current that occludes long term depression. Required for procentriole
formation and centriole duplication by phosphorylating CENPJ and NPM1, respectively. Its induction by p53/TP53
suggests that it may participate in the mitotic checkpoint following stress

Gene Wiki entry for PLK2


Genomic Views
for PLK2 gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000005.9  NC_018916.1  NT_006713.15  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the PLK2 gene promoter:
         SREBP-1c   FOXO3   GATA-1   SREBP-1b   FAC1   SREBP-1a   FOXO4   FOXO3a   Pax-4a   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: PLK2 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for PLK2

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat PLK2


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 5q12.1-q13.2   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  5q11.2   HGNC cytogenetic band: 5q12.1-q13.2

PLK2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
PLK2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 5         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC05M057749:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 57,749,809 bp from pter      End:
 57,756,087 bp from pter
Size:
 6,279 bases      Orientation:
 minus strand

Proteins
for PLK2 gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PLK2_HUMAN, Q9NYY3 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK2  
Size: 685 amino acids; 78237 Da
Subunit: Interacts with NSF; causing NSF dissociation from GRIA2. Interacts with CIB1 (By similarity)
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, centrosome, centriole. Cell projection, dendrite (By similarity).
Note=Localizes to centrosomes during early G1 phase where it only associates to the mother centriole and then
distributes equally to both mother and daughter centrioles at the onset of S phase
Miscellaneous: There are indications that PLK2 might act as a tumor suppressor: PLK2 is significantly down-regulated in
a wide range of acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) and B-cell lymphomas due to aberrant cytosine methylation in the CpG
island located at the 5' of the PLK2 gene (PubMed:16160013, PubMed:21340720). Moreover, miR-126, a microRNA that
negatively regulates PLK2 is up-regulated in AMLs, suggesting that PLK2 down-regulation by miR-126 could also
contribute to leukemogenesis (PubMed:18832181)
Secondary accessions: O60679 Q96CV7 Q9UE61

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for PLK2: NX_Q9NYY3

Post-translational modifications:

  • Catalytic activity is enhanced by phosphorylation of Thr-239 (By similarity)1
  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q9NYY3

    • 4/12 DME Specific Peptides for PLK2 (Q9NYY3) (see all 12)
     VLRGCLE  HHKHVVQ  ILHRDLK  LGKGGFA 

    PLK2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_001239155.1  NP_006613.2  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000274289  

    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
    EMD Millipore Purified and/or Recombinant PLK2 Protein
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    Novus Biologicals PLK2 Proteins
    Novus Biologicals PLK2 Lysate
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
    Uscn Proteins for PLK2

    Gene Ontology (GO): 4 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005622intracellular ISS--
    GO:0005813centrosome IDA15242618
    GO:0005814centriole IDA19001868
    GO:0030425dendrite ISS--


    PLK2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    PLK2 Antibody Products: 
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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for PLK2

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for PLK2 gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    PLK2 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    5/6 InterPro domains/families (see all 6):
     IPR017441 Protein_kinase_ATP_BS
     IPR002290 Ser/Thr_dual-sp_kinase_dom
     IPR011009 Kinase-like_dom
     IPR008271 Ser/Thr_kinase_AS
     IPR000719 Prot_kinase_cat_dom

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q9NYY3

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q9NYY3

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB000959 POLO box duplicated region

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PLK2_HUMAN, Q9NYY3
    Domain: The POLO box domains act as phosphopeptide-binding module that recognize and bind
    serine-[phosphothreonine/phosphoserine]-(proline/X) motifs. PLK2 recognizes and binds docking proteins that are
    already phosphorylated on these motifs, and then phosphorylates them (By similarity)
    Similarity: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC5/Polo subfamily
    Similarity: Contains 2 POLO box domains
    Similarity: Contains 1 protein kinase domain


    Function
    for PLK2 gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PLK2_HUMAN, Q9NYY3
    Function: Tumor suppressor serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in synaptic plasticity, centriole duplication and
    G1/S phase transition. Polo-like kinases act by binding and phosphorylating proteins are that already phosphorylated
    on a specific motif recognized by the POLO box domains. Phosphorylates CENPJ, NPM1, RAPGEF2, RASGRF1, SNCA, SIPA1L1
    and SYNGAP1. Plays a key role in synaptic plasticity and memory by regulating the Ras and Rap protein signaling:
    required for overactivity-dependent spine remodeling by phosphorylating the Ras activator RASGRF1 and the Rap
    inhibitor SIPA1L1 leading to their degradation by the proteasome. Conversely, phosphorylates the Rap activator RAPGEF2
    and the Ras inhibitor SYNGAP1, promoting their activity. Also regulates synaptic plasticity independently of kinase
    activity, via its interaction with NSF that disrupts the interaction between NSF and the GRIA2 subunit of AMPARs,
    leading to a rapid rundown of AMPAR-mediated current that occludes long term depression. Required for procentriole
    formation and centriole duplication by phosphorylating CENPJ and NPM1, respectively. Its induction by p53/TP53
    suggests that it may participate in the mitotic checkpoint following stress
    Catalytic activity: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein
    Enzyme regulation: Activated by phosphorylation of Thr-239. Once activated, activity is stimulated by binding target
    proteins (By similarity)
    Induction: Directly regulated by p53/TP53. Negatively regulated by miR-126

    Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB): EC 2.7.11.211 2 EC 2.7.112

    miRNA
    Products:            		miRTarBase miRNAs that target PLK2:
    hsa-mir-126 (MIRT000344)

    OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: PLK2
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    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PLK2
    8/16 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PLK2 (see all 16):
    hsa-miR-320a hsa-miR-126 hsa-miR-137 hsa-miR-429 hsa-miR-561 hsa-miR-513a-5p hsa-miR-27a hsa-miR-320d
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PLK2 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
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    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PLK2 (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: PLK2
    OriGene siRNA: PLK2
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PLK2

    Gene Editing
    Products:    		DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for PLK2

    Clone
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    OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PLK2 (see all 3)
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    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: PLK2 (NM_006622)
    Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PLK2
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    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PLK2 

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    In Situ Assay
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    Gene Ontology (GO): 4 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0004674protein serine/threonine kinase activity IDA19001868
    GO:0004871signal transducer activity IMP12761501
    GO:0005515protein binding IPI--
    GO:0005524ATP binding IEA--


    PLK2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    5 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for PLK2:
     Decreased 12E8 tau but not tot  G0/1 arrest  Increased G1 DNA content  Increased apoptosis 
     Synthetic lethal with Ras 

    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-outs for PLK2: Plk2tm1Elan Plk2tm1Rle
         7 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Plk2):
     cellular  embryogenesis  growth/size  integument  mortality/aging 
     skeleton  vision/eye 

    PLK2 for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    Pathways & Interactions
    for PLK2 gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways  About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1PLK2 and PLK4 events
    		PLK2 and PLK4 events1.00
    		Polo-like kinase signaling events in the cell cycle0.50


    2 BioSystems Pathways for PLK2 
        Polo-like kinase signaling events in the cell cycle
    PLK2 and PLK4 events


    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for PLK2

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 16)

    5/20 Interacting proteins for PLK2 (Q9NYY32, 3 ENSP000002742894) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 20)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    MPP3Q133682, 3MINT-64796 I2D: score=5 
    CENPJQ9HC772, 3, ENSP000003713084MINT-7994536 MINT-7994493 MINT-7994521 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000371308
    CIB1Q998283, ENSP000003338734I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000333873
    DLGAP4Q9Y2H03, ENSP000003630234I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000363023
    IKBKAPO951633, ENSP000003637794I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000363779
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/15 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 15):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0000082G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle IMP15242618
    GO:0000278mitotic cell cycle ----
    GO:0006468protein phosphorylation IDA--
    GO:0007052mitotic spindle organization IDA19001868
    GO:0007093mitotic cell cycle checkpoint ISS--


    PLK2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for PLK2 gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section
    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for PLK2

    2 HMDB Compounds for PLK2    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    ADPadenosindiphosphorsaeure (see all 8)58-64-0--
    Adenosine triphosphate5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) Adenosine (see all 24)56-65-5--
    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about PLK2 

    Transcripts
    for PLK2 gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for PLK2 gene (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_001252226.1  NM_006622.3  

    Unigene Cluster for PLK2:

    Polo-like kinase 2
    Hs.398157  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: AF059617
    14 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000274289(uc021xyx.1 uc003jrn.3) ENST00000502671 ENST00000511326
    ENST00000503378 ENST00000505244 ENST00000503713 ENST00000510629 ENST00000503115
    ENST00000515415(uc011cql.1) ENST00000509555 ENST00000509422 ENST00000508300
    ENST00000514306 ENST00000504196

    miRNA
    Products:             		 OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: PLK2
    Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PLK2
    8/16 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PLK2 (see all 16):
    hsa-miR-320a hsa-miR-126 hsa-miR-137 hsa-miR-429 hsa-miR-561 hsa-miR-513a-5p hsa-miR-27a hsa-miR-320d
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PLK2 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
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    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PLK2 (see all 7)
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    Clone
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    Primer
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AF059617.1 AF223574.1 AK027851.1 AK098163.1 AK297298.1 AK304746.1 AK312505.1 BC013879.2 
    U85755.1 

    20 DOTS entries:

    DT.100797906  DT.453774  DT.87079043  DT.100797908  DT.99935678  DT.100797912  DT.97776713  DT.92450319 
    DT.120858097  DT.87079041  DT.95164608  DT.97820063  DT.95164606  DT.100797905  DT.100797910  DT.120858074 
    DT.120858104  DT.95164612  DT.99981146  DT.120858077 

    24/392 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 392):

    BG677879 BM743412 AL600756 CB270702 AL709064 CB154966 BM848578 BM979972 
    AA460750 F02508 AA421051 BG029037 F08296 BM743063 BE079580 F04908 
    BI870182 CB130338 CB135308 BP344655 BM741356 BF222540 N78988 BQ671833 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5/12 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PLK2 (see all 12)    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1a · 1b ^ 2a · 2b ^ 3 ^ 4a · 4b ^ 5a · 5b · 5c ^ 6a · 6b ^ 7a · 7b ^ 8 ^ 9 ^ 10a · 10b · 10c ^ 11 ^ 12a · 12b ^ 13a · 13b · 13c ^ 14a ·
    SP1:                          -           -     -           -                                                     -                 -     -                 -   
    SP2:                                                                                                                                -     -                 -   
    SP3:                                      -     -           -                                                                                                   
    SP4:                                                        -                                                                                                   
    SP5:              -           -           -     -                                                                                                               

    ExUns: 14b ^ 15a · 15b ^ 16a · 16b ^ 17
    SP1:                                    
    SP2:                                    
    SP3:                                    
    SP4:                                    
    SP5:                                    


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for PLK2

    Expression
    for PLK2 gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    PLK2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: TTGTTTAAAG

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    PLK2 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    3 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells 
    Tissue Anatomical Compartment CellCategory (developmental path)
    LimbZeugopodMesenchymal Condensate CellsBone, Cartilage
    LimbAutopodLimb
    Neural TubeTelencephalonNeural Tube
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 2 LifeMap Cells 
    NameCategory
    PureStem™ progenitor EN13 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)
    PureStem™ progenitor RASMO12 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

    See PLK2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for PLK2

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.398157

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PLK2_HUMAN, Q9NYY3
    Tissue specificity: Expressed at higher level in the fetal lung, kidney, spleen and heart

        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Array including PLK2: 
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    Orthologs
    for PLK2 gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

    Orthologs for PLK2 gene from 6/21 species (see all 21)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)    		 Mammalia Plk21 , 5 polo-like kinase 2 (Drosophila)5
    polo-like kinase 21    		 90.03(n)1
    97.21(a)1    		   13 (61.97 cM)5
    206201  NM_152804.21  NP_690017.21 
     1103950445 
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves PLK21 polo-like kinase 2 80.79(n)
    89.44(a)    		   427150  XM_424739.3  XP_424739.2 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia PLK26
    		 --
    		 86(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 2(10099117-10110086)
    African clawed frog
    (Xenopus laevis)    		 Amphibia AF357840.12   -- 80.48(n)    AF357840.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii cnk2 cytokine-inducible kinase 75.27(n)   334202  BC045487.1 
    honey bee
    (Apis mellifera)    		 Insecta --
    --
    		 --
    		 53(a)
    22(a)
    		 many ↔ many
    many ↔ many
    		 GroupUn.2274(6283-11097)
    GroupUn.728(3685-9818)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PLK2 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for PLK2 (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for PLK2 gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for PLK2 gene
    PLK42  PLK12  PLK52  PLK32  
    4 SIMAP similar genes for PLK2 using alignment to 1 protein entry:     PLK2_HUMAN:
    PLK3    PLK1    TSSK3    NEK7

    PLK2 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing


    1 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogene for PLK2
    PGOHUM00000259372


    Genomic Variants
    for PLK2 gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/180 NCBI SNPs in PLK2 are shown (see all 180)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 5 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs104714511,2
    		C,F,A,--57749395(+) AGGTTT/AATGCT 2 -- ds50011Minor allele frequency- A:0.12NA 120
    rs1154631931,2
    		--57749463(+) TAAACT/CTCCTG 2 -- ds50011Minor allele frequency- C:0.01NA 120
    rs24089461,2
    		C,F,A,H,--57749498(-) TTAAAT/CAGATC 2 -- ds500119Minor allele frequency- C:0.14NS EA NA WA 2304
    rs1851856731,2
    		--57749534(+) AGTTTC/TGAAGA 2 -- ds50010--------
    rs1379739721,2
    		--57749543(+) GAAATA/GCTACA 2 -- ds50010--------
    rs1139987111,2
    		F,--57749561(+) ATTGGG/CTTTGG 2 -- ds50011Minor allele frequency- C:0.09WA 118
    rs18485111,2
    		C,F,O,H,--57749769(-) ACATCG/ATTACA 2 -- ds500125Minor allele frequency- A:0.09NS EA NA WA 2906
    rs1425608011,2
    		--57749780(+) GGTGAA/GGAGTT 2 -- ds50010--------
    rs1908815091,2
    		--57749799(+) GACAGA/GAGACC 2 -- ds50010--------
    rs10430201,2
    		F,--57749915(-) ATAAAC/TTTTTT 2 -- ut312Minor allele frequency- T:0.02MN NA 304

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for PLK2 (57749809 - 57756087 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
          Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for PLK2: --

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    Disorders / Diseases
    for PLK2 gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    PLK2 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 607023    OMIM disorders: --

    19 diseases for PLK2:    About MalaCards
    acute myeloid leukemia    fanconi's anemia    myeloid leukemia    diabetic neuropathy
    multiple myeloma    myelodysplastic syndrome    neuropathy    anemia
    myeloma    ovarian cancer    pancreatic cancer    leukemia
    breast cancer    pancreatitis    pneumonia    tuberculosis
    thyroiditis    neuronitis    mycobacterium tuberculosis

    1 Novoseek disease relationship for PLK2 gene    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    tumors 0 12 20054236 (5), 18544920 (1)

    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: PLK2 (4 documents)

    Export disorders for PLK2 gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for PLK2 gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for PLK2 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 69):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with PLK2)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Polo-like kinase-2 is required for centriole duplication in mammalian cells. (PubMed id 15242618)1, 2, 9 Warnke S....Hoffmann I. (2004)
    2. Identification of the human homologue of the early-growth response gene Snk, encoding a serum-inducible kinase. (PubMed id 11696980)1, 2, 9 Liby K....Dai W. (2001)
    3. Plk2 regulated centriole duplication is dependent on its localization to the centrioles and a functional polo-box domain. (PubMed id 19001868)1, 2, 9 Cizmecioglu O....Hoffmann I. (2008)
    4. Radiation-inducible hSNK gene is transcriptionally regulated by p53 binding homology element in human thyroid cells. (PubMed id 11716500)1, 2, 9 Shimizu-Yoshida Y....Yamashita S. (2001)
    5. Polo-like kinase 2 (SNK/PLK2) is a novel epigenetically regulated gene in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes: genetic and epigenetic interactions. (PubMed id 21340720)1, 2 Benetatos L.... Crook T. (2011)
    6. Polo-like kinase 2-dependent phosphorylation of NPM/B 23 on serine 4 triggers centriole duplication. (PubMed id 20352051)1, 2 Krause A. and Hoffmann I. (2010)
    7. PLK2 phosphorylation is critical for CPAP function in procentriole formation during the centrosome cycle. (PubMed id 20531387)1, 2 Chang J....Rhee K. (2010)
    8. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    9. The p53 target Plk2 interacts with TSC proteins impac ting mTOR signaling, tumor growth and chemosensitivity under hypoxic conditions . (PubMed id 20054236)1, 9 Matthew E.M....El-Deiry W.S. (2009)
    10. Ubiquitylation and degradation of serum-inducible kin ase by hVPS18, a RING-H2 type ubiquitin ligase. (PubMed id 16203730)1, 9 Yogosawa S....Akazawa C. (2005)

    External Searches for PLK2 gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
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    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing PLK2 gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 10769 HGNC: 19699 AceView: PLK2 Ensembl:ENSG00000145632 euGenes: HUgn10769
    ECgene: PLK2 H-InvDB: PLK2

    Other Databases showing PLK2 gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing PLK2 gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for PLK2 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    Intellectual Property
    for PLK2 gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for PLK2 gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving PLK2

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



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