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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

PLG Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 72
GCID: GC06P161123

plasminogen

Explore 115 diseases affiliated with
PLG via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Plasminogen¹
EC 3.4.21.7³ ⁸
Plasmin¹
EC 3.4.21⁸

External Ids:	HGNC: 9071¹	Entrez Gene: 5340²	Ensembl: ENSG00000122194⁷	OMIM: 173350⁵	UniProtKB: P00747³

Export aliases for PLG gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC06P160476 GC06P160996 GC06P161032 GC06P161093 GC06P158569

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for PLG:

The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted blood zymogen that is activated by proteolysis and converted to plasmin

and angiostatin. Plasmin dissolves fibrin in blood clots and is an important protease in many other cellular processes

while angiostatin inhibits angiogenesis. Defects in this gene are likely a cause of thrombophilia and ligneous

conjunctivitis. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.(provided by RefSeq,

Dec 2009)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PLMN_HUMAN, P00747

Function: Plasmin dissolves the fibrin of blood clots and acts as a proteolytic factor in a variety of other processes

including embryonic development, tissue remodeling, tumor invasion, and inflammation. In ovulation, weakens the walls

of the Graafian follicle. It activates the urokinase-type plasminogen activator, collagenases and several complement

zymogens, such as C1 and C5. Cleavage of fibronectin and laminin leads to cell detachment and apoptosis. Also cleaves

fibrin, thrombospondin and von Willebrand factor. Its role in tissue remodeling and tumor invasion may be modulated by

CSPG4. Binds to cells

Function: Angiostatin is an angiogenesis inhibitor that blocks neovascularization and growth of experimental primary

and metastatic tumors in vivo

Gene Wiki entry for PLG (Plasmin)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000006.11 NC_018917.1 NT_025741.15

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the PLG gene promoter:
AP-2alpha isoform 3 AP-1 ATF-2 POU3F2 (N-Oct-5b) AP-2alpha isoform 2 AP-2alpha isoform 4 c-Jun AP-2alpha AP-2alphaA
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 3): PLG promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for PLG

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat PLG

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 6q26 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 6q26 HGNC cytogenetic band: 6q26

PLG Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
PLG gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 6 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC06P161123: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	161,123,225 bp from pter	End:	161,175,086 bp from pter
Size:	51,862 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PLMN_HUMAN, P00747 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Plasminogen precursor

Size: 810 amino acids; 90569 Da

Subunit: Interacts (both mature PLG and the angiostatin peptide) with CSPG4 and AMOT. Interacts (via the Kringle

domains) with HRG; the interaction tethers PLG to the cell surface and enhances its activation (By similarity)

Subcellular location: Secreted. Note=Locates to the cell surface where it is proteolytically cleaved to produce the

active plasmin. Interaction with HRG tethers it to the cell surface

Miscellaneous: Plasmin is inactivated by alpha-2-antiplasmin immediately after dissociation from the clot

6/29 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for PLG (see all 29):

1B2I (3D)

1BML (3D)

1BUI (3D)

1CEA (3D)

1CEB (3D)

1DDJ (3D)

Secondary accessions: Q15146 Q5TEH4 Q6PA00

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for PLG: NX_P00747

Post-translational modifications:

N-linked glycan contains N-acetyllactosamine and sialic acid. O-linked glycans consist of Gal-GalNAc disaccharide

modified with up to 2 sialic acid residues (microheterogeneity)¹

In the presence of the inhibitor, the activation involves only cleavage after Arg-580, yielding two chains held

together by two disulfide bonds. In the absence of the inhibitor, the activation involves additionally the removal of

the activation peptide¹

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P00747

4/38 DME Specific Peptides for PLG (P00747) (see all 38)

CRNPDGD

VLTAAHC

AQEPHRH

GDSGGPL

PLG Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts):

NP_000292.1 NP_001161810.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000355891 ENSP00000308938 ENSP00000389424

Reactome Protein details: P00747
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
	R&D Systems Recombinant & Natural Proteins for PLG (Plasminogen)
	Enzo Life Sciences proteins for PLG
	Browse OriGene full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: PLG OriGene Custom Protein Services for PLG
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for PLG
	Novus Biologicals PLG Proteins Novus Biologicals PLG Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for PLG
	Browse Proteins at Uscn

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/7 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 7): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	--
GO:0005615	extracellular space	IDA	6980881
GO:0005792	microsome	--	--
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	TAS	--
GO:0019897	extrinsic to plasma membrane	--	--

PLG for ontologies About GeneDecksing

PLG Antibody Products:

	EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of PLG
	R&D Systems Antibodies for PLG (Plasminogen Kringle 5, Plasminogen, Angiostatin)
	Browse OriGene Antibodies OriGene Custom Antibody Services for PLG
	GenScript Superior Antibodies for PLG
	Novus Biologicals PLG Antibodies
	Abcam antibodies for PLG
	Browse Antibodies at Uscn
	ThermoFisher Antibody for PLG

Assay Products for PLG:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	R&D Systems Multiplex/Array Assay Kits & Reagents for PLG (Plasminogen, Angiostatin)
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for PLG
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Browse ELISAs and CLIAs at Uscn

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

PLG for domains About GeneDecksing

5/10 InterPro domains/families (see all 10):

IPR001314 Peptidase_S1A

IPR018056 Kringle_CS

IPR023317 Pept_S1A_plasmin

IPR001254 Peptidase_S1

IPR018114 Peptidase_S1_AS

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P00747

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P00747

5 Blocks protein families:

IPB000001 Kringle

IPB001254 Serine protease

IPB001314 Chymotrypsin serine protease family (S1) signature

IPB003014 N/apple PAN

IPB003609 Apple-like

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PLMN_HUMAN, P00747

Domain: Kringle domains mediate interaction with CSPG4

Similarity: Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Plasminogen subfamily

Similarity: Contains 5 kringle domains

Similarity: Contains 1 PAN domain

Similarity: Contains 1 peptidase S1 domain

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PLMN_HUMAN, P00747

Function: Plasmin dissolves the fibrin of blood clots and acts as a proteolytic factor in a variety of other processes

including embryonic development, tissue remodeling, tumor invasion, and inflammation. In ovulation, weakens the walls

of the Graafian follicle. It activates the urokinase-type plasminogen activator, collagenases and several complement

zymogens, such as C1 and C5. Cleavage of fibronectin and laminin leads to cell detachment and apoptosis. Also cleaves

fibrin, thrombospondin and von Willebrand factor. Its role in tissue remodeling and tumor invasion may be modulated by

CSPG4. Binds to cells

Function: Angiostatin is an angiogenesis inhibitor that blocks neovascularization and growth of experimental primary

and metastatic tumors in vivo

Catalytic activity: Preferential cleavage: Lys- -Xaa > Arg- -Xaa; higher selectivity than trypsin. Converts fibrin into

soluble products

Enzyme regulation: Converted into plasmin by plasminogen activators, both plasminogen and its activator being bound to

fibrin. Activated with catalytic amounts of streptokinase. Plasmin activity inhibited by SERPINE2

Genatlas biochemistry entry for PLG:

plasminogen

Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB): EC 3.4.21.7¹ ² EC 3.4.21²

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: PLG Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PLG
		1 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNA that regulate PLG:
		hsa-miR-543
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PLG 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PLG (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: PLG OriGene siRNA: PLG
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PLG

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for PLG

Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PLG (see all 4) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PLG (see all 2) OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): PLG (NM_000301)
		Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for PLG
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PLG

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for PLG
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for PLG

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PLG

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/6 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 6): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004175	endopeptidase activity	--	--
GO:0004252	serine-type endopeptidase activity	IDA	14699093
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	134998
GO:0019904	protein domain specific binding	IPI	9786936
GO:0034185	apolipoprotein binding	IPI	16480936

PLG for ontologies About GeneDecksing

1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for PLG:

Synthetic lethal with Ras

Animal Models:
Mouse knock-outs for PLG: Plg^tm1Dco Plg^tm1Jld
15/16 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Plg) (see all 16):

cardiovascular system	cellular	digestive/alimentary	endocrine/exocrine gland	growth/size
homeostasis/metabolism	immune system	integument	liver/biliary system	mortality/aging
nervous system	renal/urinary system	reproductive system	respiratory system	tumorigenesis

PLG for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/26 super-pathways (see all 26) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Development_CNTF receptor signaling

	Cell adhesion_PLAU signaling	0.35			Cell adhesion Plasmin signaling	0.07
	Cell adhesion PLAU signaling	0.35			Cell adhesion_Plasmin signaling	0.07

Formation of Fibrin Clot (Clotting Cascade)

Blood Coagulation Signaling Pathways

0.51

Blood Clotting Cascade

0.36

Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation

Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation

1.00

Hemostasis

0.43

Platelet degranulation

Platelet degranulation

1.00

Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+

0.94

Degradation of the extracellular matrix

Degradation of the extracellular matrix

1.00

Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinases

0.40

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

3 EMD Millipore Pathways for PLG

	Cell adhesion PLAU signaling
	Cell adhesion ECM remodeling
	Cell adhesion Plasmin signaling

1 R&D Systems Pathway for PLG

Blood Coagulation Signaling Pathways

2 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for PLG

	Glioma Invasiveness
	UPA-UPAR Pathway

4 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for PLG

	Cell adhesion PLAU signaling
	Cell adhesion Cell-matrix glycoconjugates
	Cell adhesion ECM remodeling
	Cell adhesion Plasmin signaling

5/7 BioSystems Pathways for PLG (see all 7)

	Blood Clotting Cascade
	Complement and Coagulation Cascades
	Selenium Pathway
	amb2 Integrin signaling
	p75(NTR)-mediated signaling

5/14 Reactome Pathways for PLG (see all 14)

	Hemostasis
	Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) Transport and Uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs)
	Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+
	Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinases
	Activation of proMMP8

4 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for PLG):

	Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction
	Complement and coagulation cascades
	Staphylococcus aureus infection
	Influenza A

PLG for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for PLG

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/108 Interacting proteins for PLG (P00747^{1, 2, 3} ENSP00000308938⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 108)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
SPARC	P09486³, ENSP00000231061⁴	I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000231061
CHGA	P10645³, ENSP00000216492⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000216492
HMGB1	P09429³, ENSP00000343040⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000343040
PAPPA	Q13219³, ENSP00000330658⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000330658
S100A10	P60903³, ENSP00000357799⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000357799

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/21 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 21): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0002576	platelet degranulation	TAS	--
GO:0006915	apoptotic process	IEA	--
GO:0006917	induction of apoptosis	IEA	--
GO:0007596	blood coagulation	TAS	--
GO:0008285	negative regulation of cell proliferation	TAS	8910613

PLG for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

PLG for compounds About GeneDecksing

EMD Millipore small molecules for PLG:
Small Molecule - inhibitor

Enzo Life Sciences drugs & compounds for PLG

Browse Tocris compounds for PLG

10 DrugBank Compounds for PLG About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
Aminocaproic Acid	6-aminohexanoic acid (see all 7)	60-32-2	target	inhibitor	11304653 11927133 1280065 10026282 11752352 12007600
Streptokinase	--	9002-01-1	target	activator	10631997 10664583 11752352 10569766 10581996 10726310
Tranexamic Acid	Tranexamsaeure (see all 7)	1197-18-8	target	inhibitor	10673876 11752352 10959704 10400410 12115473 10625440
Urokinase	U-plasminogen activator (see all 3)	9039-53-6	target	activator	12666133 12745435 12719778 11752352 12658774 12720300
Alteplase	t-PA (see all 4)	105857-23-6	target	activator	17963464 19436656 11752352 18673235
Anistreplase	t- PA (see all 4)	81669-57-0	target	activator	17963464 19436656 11752352 18673235
Reteplase	t- PA (see all 4)	133652-38-7	target	activator	19436656 17963464 11752352 18673235
Tenecteplase	t- PA (see all 4)	191588-94-0	target	activator	17963464 19436656 11752352 18673235
Bicine	--	--	target	--	17139284 17016423
Aprotinin	Bayer A 128 (see all 5)	9087-70-1	target	--	15277296

10/40 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for PLG gene (see all 40) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
vegf	72.5	76	16735992 (5), 12883685 (5), 12375018 (4), 19932587 (4) (see all 44)
epsilon aminocaproic acid	66.2	8	8533120 (1), 9792107 (1), 16097950 (1), 12453439 (1) (see all 7)
microplasmin	65.9	3	10085135 (3)
fumagillin	60.6	5	19863375 (1), 9157295 (1), 20022538 (1), 19217946 (1) (see all 5)
matrigel	58.6	2	15828939 (1), 12954626 (1)
fibrinogen	50.8	44	1284915 (2), 9156266 (2), 18714035 (2), 8148481 (2) (see all 21)
thalidomide	49.3	14	15975645 (5), 10439927 (1), 16678057 (1), 8520966 (1) (see all 10)
lysine	37.3	14	9792107 (2), 8533120 (1), 19581392 (1), 12658774 (1) (see all 8)
serine	36.5	15	9698533 (3), 8895739 (2), 15792635 (1), 10889192 (1) (see all 11)
benzamidine	29.1	2	9792107 (1), 16097950 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about PLG / PLMN

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for PLG gene (2 alternative transcripts):

NM_000301.3 NM_001168338.1

Unigene Cluster for PLG:

Plasminogen

Hs.143436 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_000301

12 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000366924(uc021zhr.1) ENST00000308192(uc003qtm.4) ENST00000418964

ENST00000297289 ENST00000462918 ENST00000483038 ENST00000484367 ENST00000494325

ENST00000471691 ENST00000493435 ENST00000467466 ENST00000461414

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: PLG Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PLG
		1 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNA that regulate PLG:
		hsa-miR-543
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PLG 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PLG (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: PLG OriGene siRNA: PLG
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PLG

Clone Products:		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PLG (see all 4) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PLG (see all 2) OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): PLG (NM_000301)
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for PLG
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PLG

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for PLG Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat PLG
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat PLG
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat PLG

Additional cDNA sequence:

AK298338.1 AK308036.1 AK312966.1 BC060513.1 BC115369.1 K02922.1 M74220.1 X05199.1

20 DOTS entries:

DT.453213 DT.95162938 DT.121324519 DT.100891418 DT.91748451 DT.100891456 DT.91748444 DT.86855200

DT.121324584 DT.121324514 DT.121324563 DT.121324546 DT.91748442 DT.95162937 DT.100891422 DT.121324583

DT.91686404 DT.91748447 DT.91938200 DT.95162941

24/111 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 111):

CB154226 AA700207 BF447999 T77573 M74220 R28928 CB141713 T81942

H74059 BI759134 BX095666 N49661 K02922 T64119 AI140566 AI051693

H63293 AI032989 T40195 NM_000301 BE326828 AI695215 BG402207 T89505

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/6 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PLG (see all 6) About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	^	2	^	3a	·	3b	^	4	^	5	^	6a	·	6b	^	7a	·	7b	^	8	^	9	^	10	^	11	^	12a	·	12b	^	13	^	14	^	15	^	16a	·	16b	^	17	^	18	^	19	^	20
SP1:									-																																-
SP2:
SP3:
SP4:
SP5:							-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for PLG

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

PLG expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: --

About this image

PLG expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

1 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartment/Cell

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Heart

Atrioventricular Canal

Heart

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

Stem Cell Differentiation: 1 LifeMap Cell

Name

Category

Embryoid bodies (Two-step protocol fo...)

See PLG Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for PLG

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.143436

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PLMN_HUMAN, P00747

Tissue specificity: Present in plasma and many other extracellular fluids. It is synthesized in the liver

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including PLG (see all 8):

Fibrosis in human mouse rat

Angiogenic Growth Factors in human mouse rat

Wound Healing in human mouse rat

Angiogenesis in human mouse rat

Endothelial Cell Biology in human mouse rat

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In Situ
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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

Orthologs for PLG gene from 5/18 species (see all 18) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	PLG¹	plasminogen	66.54(n) 63.41(a)		421580 XM_419618.3 XP_419618.2
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	--	--	62(a)	1 → many	1(211782122-211817166)
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	Xl.24267²	Xenopus laevis transcribed sequence with weak similarity more	74.81(n)		CB200754.2
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	plg²	plasminogen	74.64(n)		322691 BC059801.1
honey bee (Apis mellifera)	Insecta	--	--	9(a)	possible ortholog	GroupUn.841(30640-42833)

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PLG (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for PLG (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for PLG gene

KREMEN1² KREMEN2² PLAT² HGFAC² LPA² PLAU² HABP2² MST1²

F12² MST1L² HGF²

18 SIMAP similar genes for PLG using alignment to 4 protein entries: PLMN_HUMAN (see all proteins):

DKFZp779M0222 PLGLA PLGLB1 PLGLB2 PLGL APOA

LPAL2 LPA ROR2 PLAT KLK9 HGF

MST1 ROR1 MST1L GZMK GZMA PRSS48

PLG for paralogs About GeneDecksing

3 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for PLG
PGOHUM00000240240 PGOHUM00000250196 PGOHUM00000243842

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 6 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs121918027^1,2	C,	pathogenic	169737912(+)	`TGACTA/GCTGCC`	2	T A	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs121918028^1,2	C,	pathogenic	169754184(+)	`CTGTGG/TTCCAG`	2	V F	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs73015965^1,2	C,F,	pathogenic	169770139(+)	`TCACTA/GAGAAG`	4	K E	mis¹		2		NA EU	5873
rs140537724^1,2	C,F,	other	169744730(+)	`ATACCG/AAGGCA`	2	/Q /R	mis¹		2		NA EU	5875
rs4252046^1,2	C,F,	--	158566067(+)	`TTGTAA/CACAGT`	2	--	us2k¹		2		NS	94
rs4252047^1,2	C,F,,	--	158566329(+)	`ATGCCG/ACAGCG`	2	--	us2k¹		3		NS CSA	96
rs4252048^1,2	C,F,	--	158566330(+)	`TGCCGC/TAGCGG`	2	--	us2k¹		2		NS	94
rs1897105^1,2		--	158566862(-)	`AGGCAA/GATTGA`	2	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs1853019^1,2	C,	--	158566936(-)	`TCAAAT/CTCTTA`	2	--	us2k¹		2		NS	92
rs4099971^1,2		--	158566981(-)	`ATCGCA/TTTTCC`	2	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for PLG (161123225 - 161175086 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 1 variation for PLG
1 CNV: 3648
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): PLG

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing PLG

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for PLG

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

PLG for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 173350
OMIM disorders: 217090
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PLMN_HUMAN, P00747

Defects in PLG are the cause of plasminogen deficiency (PLGD) [MIM:217090]. PLGD is characterized by decreased

serum plasminogen activity. Two forms of the disorder are distinguished: type 1 deficiency is additionally

characterized by decreased plasminogen antigen levels and clinical symptoms, whereas type 2 deficiency, also known as

dysplasminogenemia, is characterized by normal, or slightly reduced antigen levels, and absence of clinical

manifestations. Plasminogen deficiency type 1 results in markedly impaired extracellular fibrinolysis and chronic

mucosal pseudomembranous lesions due to subepithelial fibrin deposition and inflammation. The most common clinical

manifestation of type 1 deficiency is ligneous conjunctivitis in which pseudomembranes formation on the palpebral

surfaces of the eye progresses to white, yellow-white, or red thick masses with a wood-like consistency that replace

the normal mucosa

20/115 diseases for PLG (see all 115): About MalaCards

thrombophilia plasminogen deficiency, types i and ii conjunctivitis ligneous conjunctivitis

thrombophilia, dysplasminogenemic plasminogen deficiency plasminogen tochigi disease paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

disseminated intravascular coagulation antithrombin iii deficiency hypersensitivity reaction type ii disease deep vein thrombosis

corneal neovascularization congenital plasminogen deficiency acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis blood clots

acute myocardial infarction intermediate coronary syndrome severe acute respiratory syndrome invasive aspergillosis

15 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for PLG:

Vascular disease Myocardial infarction Disseminated intravascular coagulation Brain disease

Coronary heart disease Diabetes mellitus Conjunctivitis Kidney disease

Breast cancer Protein C deficiency Lung disease Protein S deficiency

Carcinoma Intermediate coronary syndrome Hypersensitivity reaction type II disease

10/77 Novoseek disease relationships for PLG gene (see all 77) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
neovascularization	68.4	19	19932587 (2), 9102221 (1), 11126410 (1), 12375018 (1) (see all 16)
conjunctivitis, ligneous	67.4	1	17701212 (1)
corneal neovascularization	60.9	5	11029550 (1), 10342373 (1), 8895739 (1), 16270025 (1)
tumors	60.3	218	9393749 (5), 16424020 (5), 9755235 (4), 16205930 (4) (see all 99)
carcinoma lewis lung	57.9	4	14741778 (1), 17557110 (1), 12439600 (1), 7525077 (1)
metastasis	56.2	40	7525077 (3), 12439600 (2), 10582698 (2), 12954626 (2) (see all 34)
cancer	49.3	56	10762660 (7), 14719094 (4), 10629628 (2), 14996740 (2) (see all 35)
primary tumor	42.9	12	14502219 (2), 9002223 (2), 8640562 (1), 9865747 (1) (see all 10)
melanoma b16	42.2	1	16988811 (1)
uveal melanoma	36.4	10	11735791 (5), 16735992 (2), 10596910 (1)

Genatlas disease: PLG

thrombosis,recurrent,dysplasminogenemic type

Genetic Association Database (GAD): PLG
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: PLG (14 documents)
Tumor Gene Database (TGDB): PLG

Export disorders for PLG gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for PLG gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 668):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with PLG)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Angiostatin binds ATP synthase on the surface of human endothelial cells. (PubMed id 10077593)^{1, 2, 9} Moser T.L....Pizzo S.V. (1999)
Binding of the NG2 proteoglycan to kringle domains modulates the functional properties of angiostatin and plasmin(ogen). (PubMed id 10889192)^{1, 2, 9} Goretzki L.... Stallcup W.B. (2000)
A recombinant human angiostatin protein inhibits experimental primary and metastatic cancer. (PubMed id 9102221)^{1, 2, 9} Sim B.K.... Nacy C.A. (1997)
Angiostatin: a novel angiogenesis inhibitor that mediates the suppression of metastases by a Lewis lung carcinoma. (PubMed id 7525077)^{1, 2, 9} O'Reilly M.S.... Folkman J. (1994)
Regulation of histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) funct ion via plasmin-mediated proteolytic cleavage. (PubMed id 19712047)^{1, 2} Poon I.K....Parish C.R. (2009)
Angiomotin regulates endothelial cell-cell junctions and cell motility. (PubMed id 16043488)^{1, 2} Bratt A....Holmgren L. (2005)
Characterization of Lys-698-to-Met substitution in human plasminogen catalytic domain. (PubMed id 15211511)^{1, 2} Terzyan S.... Zhang X.C. (2004)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Protease nexin-1 inhibits plasminogen activation-indu ced apoptosis of adherent cells. (PubMed id 14699093)^{1, 2} Rossignol P....AnglAcs-Cano E. (2004)
The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. (PubMed id 14574404)^{1, 2} Mungall A.J.... Beck S. (2003)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 5340	HGNC: 9071	AceView: PLG	Ensembl:ENSG00000122194	euGenes: HUgn5340
ECgene: PLG	Kegg: 5340	H-InvDB: PLG

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for PLG	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for PLG	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Wikipedia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmin
SeattleSNPs	http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/plg/

Intellectual Property for PLG gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for PLG gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving PLG

GeneCards and IP:
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