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PKP2 Gene(Protein Coding)

Plakophilin 2

GCID:
GC12M032790
GIFtS:
62
Genes Participants
UDN Logo

Aliases for PKP2 Gene

Aliases for PKP2 Gene

  • Plakophilin 2 2 3 5
  • Plakophilin-2 3
  • ARVD9 3

External Ids for PKP2 Gene

Previous GeneCards Identifiers for PKP2 Gene

  • GC12M033434
  • GC12M033020
  • GC12M032844
  • GC12M032835
  • GC12M032834
  • GC12M032943
  • GC12M032696

Summaries for PKP2 Gene

Entrez Gene Summary for PKP2 Gene

  • This gene encodes a member of the arm-repeat (armadillo) and plakophilin gene families. Plakophilin proteins contain numerous armadillo repeats, localize to cell desmosomes and nuclei, and participate in linking cadherins to intermediate filaments in the cytoskeleton. This gene product may regulate the signaling activity of beta-catenin. Two alternately spliced transcripts encoding two protein isoforms have been identified. A processed pseudogene with high similarity to this locus has been mapped to chromosome 12p13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

GeneCards Summary for PKP2 Gene

PKP2 (Plakophilin 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PKP2 include Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia 9 and Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy. Among its related pathways are Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) and Keratinization. GO annotations related to this gene include binding and protein kinase C binding. An important paralog of this gene is PKP1.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PKP2 Gene

  • May play a role in junctional plaques.

Gene Wiki entry for PKP2 Gene

No data available for CIViC summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for PKP2 Gene

Genomics for PKP2 Gene

Products:

  1. Regulatory Element

Regulatory Elements for PKP2 Gene

Enhancers for PKP2 Gene
GeneHancer Identifier Enhancer Score Enhancer Sources Gene-Enhancer Score TSS distance (kb) Number of Genes Away Size (kb) Transcription Factor Binding Sites within enhancer Gene Targets for Enhancer
GH12G032891 1.8 FANTOM5 Ensembl ENCODE dbSUPER 10.8 +1.4 1378 8.7 PKNOX1 ARID4B SIN3A FEZF1 DMAP1 ZNF2 FOS SP3 MXD4 REST PKP2 RPL35AP27
GH12G032873 0.9 ENCODE dbSUPER 17.2 +21.5 21481 2.8 CEBPB MAFG CEBPG ZNF316 NFE2 MAFK EMSY NFE2L2 PKP2 RPL35AP27
GH12G032843 1 Ensembl ENCODE dbSUPER 11.5 +53.1 53075 1.1 PRDM6 SCRT2 CEBPB PKP2 GC12P032848 ENSG00000274976
GH12G032840 0.6 dbSUPER 11.5 +55.5 55465 1.4 CTCF PRDM6 ZNF341 NFE2L1 FEZF1 MAFK ZNF843 PKP2 GC12P032848 ENSG00000274976
GH12G032916 1.1 FANTOM5 ENCODE 6.2 -22.7 -22667 5.6 FEZF1 RAD21 RFX5 ZNF121 RCOR1 FOS ZNF654 CEBPB REST ZNF843 PKP2 GC12P032918 GC12P032966
- Elite enhancer and/or Elite enhancer-gene association Download GeneHancer data dump

Enhancers around PKP2 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Promoters for PKP2 Gene
Ensembl Regulatory Elements (ENSRs) TSS Distance (bp) Size (bp) Binding Sites for Transcription Factors within promoters
ENSR00000050745 446 2001 ARID4B SIN3A DMAP1 ZNF2 ZNF48 GLIS2 KLF7 SP3 MXD4 TSHZ1

Genomic Location for PKP2 Gene

Chromosome:
12
Start:
32,790,745 bp from pter
End:
32,896,846 bp from pter
Size:
106,102 bases
Orientation:
Minus strand

Genomic View for PKP2 Gene

Genes around PKP2 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Cytogenetic band:
PKP2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Location for PKP2 Gene
GeneLoc Logo Genomic Neighborhood • Exon Structure • Gene Density

RefSeq DNA sequence for PKP2 Gene

Proteins for PKP2 Gene

Products:

  1. Antibody
  2. Protein
  3. Assay

  • Protein details for PKP2 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

    Protein Symbol:
    Q99959-PKP2_HUMAN
    Recommended name:
    Plakophilin-2
    Protein Accession:
    Q99959
    Secondary Accessions:
    • A0AV37
    • B8QFA1
    • B8QGS6
    • B8QGS7
    • D3DUW9
    • Q4VC01
    • Q99960

    Protein attributes for PKP2 Gene

    Size:
    881 amino acids
    Molecular mass:
    97415 Da
    Quaternary structure:
    • Interacts with DSC2. Interacts with JUP and DSP.

    Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for PKP2 Gene

    Alternative splice isoforms for PKP2 Gene

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

neXtProt entry for PKP2 Gene

Protein Expression for PKP2 Gene

See protein expression from ProteomicsDB, MOPED, PaxDb, and MaxQB

Post-translational modifications for PKP2 Gene

  • Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus
  • Modification sites at neXtProt

Other Protein References for PKP2 Gene

ENSEMBL proteins:
REFSEQ proteins:

Antibody Products

No data available for DME Specific Peptides for PKP2 Gene

Domains & Families for PKP2 Gene

Gene Families for PKP2 Gene

HGNC:

Protein Domains for PKP2 Gene

InterPro:
Blocks:
ProtoNet:

Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for PKP2 Gene

GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry

Q99959

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

PKP2_HUMAN :
  • Belongs to the beta-catenin family.
Family:
  • Belongs to the beta-catenin family.
genes like me logo Genes that share domains with PKP2: view

Function for PKP2 Gene

Products:

  1. Animal Model
  2. CRISPR
  3. miRNA
  4. Inhibitory RNA
  5. Clone
  6. Cell Line

Molecular function for PKP2 Gene

GENATLAS Biochemistry:
plakophilin 2,component of karyoplasm and desmosomal plaque protein of desmosomes in stratified epithelia,also expressed in the nucleus of non epithelial cells, homologous to Drosophila Armadillo segment polarity gene
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
May play a role in junctional plaques.

Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function for PKP2 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0003674 molecular_function ND --
GO:0005080 protein kinase C binding IPI 18474624
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI 10852826
GO:0017080 sodium channel regulator activity ISS --
GO:0019215 intermediate filament binding IDA 10852826
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with PKP2: view
genes like me logo Genes that share phenotypes with PKP2: view

Human Phenotype Ontology for PKP2 Gene

HPO Id HPO Name Alternative Ids Definition Synonyms

Animal Models for PKP2 Gene

MGI Knock Outs for PKP2:

Animal Model Products

miRNA for PKP2 Gene

miRTarBase miRNAs that target PKP2

Inhibitory RNA Products

Clone Products

  • Addgene plasmids for PKP2

No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for PKP2 Gene

Localization for PKP2 Gene

Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PKP2 Gene

Nucleus. Cell junction, desmosome. Note=Nuclear and associated with desmosomes.

Subcellular locations from

COMPARTMENTS
Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization image for PKP2 gene
Compartment Confidence
plasma membrane 5
nucleus 5
cytoskeleton 4
cytosol 3

Gene Ontology (GO) - Cellular Components for PKP2 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0001533 cornified envelope TAS --
GO:0005634 nucleus NAS 8922383
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm IDA --
GO:0005882 intermediate filament IEA,ISS --
GO:0005886 plasma membrane TAS --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with PKP2: view

Pathways & Interactions for PKP2 Gene

genes like me logo Genes that share pathways with PKP2: view

Pathways by source for PKP2 Gene

1 BioSystems pathway for PKP2 Gene
1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathway for PKP2 Gene

Gene Ontology (GO) - Biological Process for PKP2 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0002159 desmosome assembly IMP 18474624
GO:0007155 cell adhesion IEA --
GO:0007507 heart development ISS,IEA --
GO:0008285 negative regulation of cell proliferation ISS --
GO:0010765 positive regulation of sodium ion transport ISS --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with PKP2: view

No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for PKP2 Gene

Drugs & Compounds for PKP2 Gene

Products:

  1. Drug
No Compound Related Data Available

Transcripts for PKP2 Gene

Products:

  1. CRISPR
  2. miRNA
  3. Inhibitory RNA
  4. Clone

mRNA/cDNA for PKP2 Gene

(2) REFSEQ mRNAs :
(11) Additional mRNA sequences :
(166) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
(7) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :

Unigene Clusters for PKP2 Gene

Plakophilin 2:
Representative Sequences:

Inhibitory RNA Products

Clone Products

  • Addgene plasmids for PKP2

Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PKP2 Gene

ExUns: 1a · 1b · 1c ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5 ^ 6 ^ 7 ^ 8 ^ 9a · 9b ^ 10 ^ 11a · 11b · 11c ^ 12a · 12b ^ 13 ^ 14a · 14b ^ 15a · 15b
SP1: - - - -
SP2: - - - - -
SP3: -
SP4:
SP5:
SP6: -

Relevant External Links for PKP2 Gene

GeneLoc Exon Structure for
PKP2
ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for
PKP2

Expression for PKP2 Gene

Products:

  1. Primer

mRNA expression in normal human tissues from GTEx, Illumina, BioGPS, and CGAP SAGE for PKP2 Gene

mRNA expression in normal human tissues for PKP2 Gene
mRNA expression by BioGPS for PKP2 GenemRNA expression by GTEx for PKP2 Gene

mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery

mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for PKP2 Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Heart - Left Ventricle (x19.8) and Heart - Atrial Appendage (x7.9).

Protein differential expression in normal tissues from HIPED for PKP2 Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Heart (35.9), Fetal heart (11.0), and Salivary gland (6.4).

Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, and MOPED for PKP2 Gene



Protein tissue co-expression partners for PKP2 Gene

NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of PKP2 Gene:

PKP2

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for PKP2 Gene:

Hs.164384

mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for PKP2 Gene:

Q99959-PKP2_HUMAN
Tissue specificity: Detected in heart right ventricle (at protein level). Widely expressed. Found at desmosomal plaques in simple and stratified epithelia and in non-epithelial tissues such as myocardium and lymph node follicles. In most stratified epithelia found in the desmosomes of the basal cell layer and seems to be absent from suprabasal strata.

Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for PKP2 Gene

  • Liver(4.4)
  • Nervous system(4.3)
  • Heart(3.9)
  • Muscle(3.3)
  • Intestine(3.1)

Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for PKP2 Gene

Germ Layers:
  • ectoderm
  • mesoderm
Systems:
  • cardiovascular
  • nervous
Organs:
Head and neck:
  • brain
  • ear
  • head
Thorax:
  • heart
  • heart valve
General:
  • blood
  • blood vessel
  • red blood cell
genes like me logo Genes that share expression patterns with PKP2: view

Primer Products

Orthologs for PKP2 Gene

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for PKP2 Gene

Organism Taxonomy Gene Similarity Type Details
chimpanzee
(Pan troglodytes)
 Mammalia PKP2 34 35
  • 98.81 (n)
dog
(Canis familiaris)
 Mammalia PKP2 34 35
  • 88.72 (n)
cow
(Bos Taurus)
 Mammalia PKP2 34 35
  • 87.83 (n)
platypus
(Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
 Mammalia -- 35
  • 84 (a)
 OneToMany
-- 35
  • 77 (a)
 OneToMany
mouse
(Mus musculus)
 Mammalia Pkp2 34 16 35
  • 81.13 (n)
rat
(Rattus norvegicus)
 Mammalia Pkp2 34
  • 80.92 (n)
oppossum
(Monodelphis domestica)
 Mammalia PKP2 35
  • 76 (a)
 OneToOne
chicken
(Gallus gallus)
 Aves PKP2 34 35
  • 67.07 (n)
lizard
(Anolis carolinensis)
 Reptilia PKP2 35
  • 56 (a)
 OneToOne
tropical clawed frog
(Silurana tropicalis)
 Amphibia pkp2 34
  • 59.19 (n)
zebrafish
(Danio rerio)
 Actinopterygii pkp2 34 35
  • 50.13 (n)
Species where no ortholog for PKP2 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
  • A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
  • Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
  • African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
  • African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
  • Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
  • alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
  • amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
  • Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
  • baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
  • barley (Hordeum vulgare)
  • beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
  • bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
  • Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
  • common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
  • corn (Zea mays)
  • E. coli (Escherichia coli)
  • filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
  • Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
  • fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
  • fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
  • green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
  • honey bee (Apis mellifera)
  • K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
  • loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
  • malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
  • medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
  • moss (Physcomitrella patens)
  • orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
  • pig (Sus scrofa)
  • rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
  • rice (Oryza sativa)
  • rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
  • schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
  • sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
  • sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis)
  • sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)
  • sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
  • sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
  • soybean (Glycine max)
  • stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
  • sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
  • thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  • tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
  • toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
  • Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
  • wheat (Triticum aestivum)
  • worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)

Evolution for PKP2 Gene

ENSEMBL:
Gene Tree for PKP2 (if available)
TreeFam:
Gene Tree for PKP2 (if available)

Paralogs for PKP2 Gene

Paralogs for PKP2 Gene

(5) SIMAP similar genes for PKP2 Gene using alignment to 3 proteins:

Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for PKP2 Gene

genes like me logo Genes that share paralogs with PKP2: view

Variants for PKP2 Gene

Sequence variations from dbSNP and Humsavar for PKP2 Gene

SNP ID Clin Chr 12 pos Sequence Context AA Info Type
rs139139859 other, Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, familial, 9 (ARVD9) [MIM:609040] 32,878,375(+) CTGGC(C/T)GTACT reference, missense
rs150821281 other, Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, familial, 9 (ARVD9) [MIM:609040] 32,878,461(+) TCAAG(A/G)ACCTT reference, missense
rs397516990 Likely pathogenic, Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, familial, 9 (ARVD9) [MIM:609040] 32,850,873(-) AGTAT(C/T)TGAAG reference, missense
rs781739949 Uncertain significance, Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, familial, 9 (ARVD9) [MIM:609040] 32,878,471(+) TTCTT(C/T)CACGG reference, missense
rs794729098 Pathogenic, Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, familial, 9 (ARVD9) [MIM:609040] 32,796,212(-) CTGCC(C/T)GTTAC reference, missense

Structural Variations from Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) for PKP2 Gene

Variant ID Type Subtype PubMed ID
dgv796n106 CNV deletion 24896259
esv1043456 CNV deletion 17803354
esv2485280 CNV deletion 19546169
esv2745751 CNV deletion 23290073
esv2745753 CNV deletion 23290073
esv3252829 CNV deletion 24192839
esv3549028 CNV deletion 23714750
esv3629089 CNV loss 21293372
esv4479 CNV loss 18987735
esv8190 CNV loss 19470904
nsv1070523 CNV deletion 25765185
nsv516937 CNV loss 19592680
nsv526287 CNV loss 19592680
nsv958653 CNV deletion 24416366
nsv976595 CNV duplication 23825009

Variation tolerance for PKP2 Gene

Residual Variation Intolerance Score: 81.8% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score: 6.19; 75.97% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)

Relevant External Links for PKP2 Gene

Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD)
PKP2
SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
PKP2

No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PKP2 Gene

Disorders for PKP2 Gene

MalaCards: The human disease database

(13) MalaCards diseases for PKP2 Gene - From: OMIM, ClinVar, GeneTests, Orphanet, Swiss-Prot, DISEASES, Novoseek, and GeneCards

Disorder Aliases PubMed IDs
arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 9
  • arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy 9
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
  • arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
familial isolated arrhythmogenic ventricular dysplasia, right dominant form
  • familial isolated arrhythmogenic ventricular cardiomyopathy, classic form
familial isolated arrhythmogenic ventricular dysplasia, left dominant form
  • familial isolated arrhythmogenic ventricular cardiomyopathy, left dominant form
familial isolated arrhythmogenic ventricular dysplasia, biventricular form
  • familial isolated arrhythmogenic ventricular cardiomyopathy, biventricular form
- elite association - COSMIC cancer census association via MalaCards
Search PKP2 in MalaCards View complete list of genes associated with diseases

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

PKP2_HUMAN
  • Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, familial, 9 (ARVD9) [MIM:609040]: A congenital heart disease characterized by infiltration of adipose and fibrous tissue into the right ventricle and loss of myocardial cells, resulting in ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:15489853, ECO:0000269 PubMed:19863551, ECO:0000269 PubMed:20031617, ECO:0000269 PubMed:22781308}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Relevant External Links for PKP2

Genetic Association Database (GAD)
PKP2
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator
PKP2
Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology:
PKP2
genes like me logo Genes that share disorders with PKP2: view

No data available for Genatlas for PKP2 Gene

Publications for PKP2 Gene

  1. Missense variants in plakophilin-2 in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy patients -- disease-causing or innocent bystanders? (PMID: 19955750) Christensen A.H. … Svendsen J.H. (Cardiology 2010) 3 4 22 46 64
  2. Comprehensive desmosome mutation analysis in North Americans with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy. (PMID: 20031617) den Haan A.D. … Judge D.P. (Circ. Cardiovasc. Genet. 2009) 3 4 22 46 64
  3. Plakophilins 2a and 2b: constitutive proteins of dual location in the karyoplasm and the desmosomal plaque. (PMID: 8922383) Mertens C. … Franke W.W. (J. Cell Biol. 1996) 2 3 4 22 64
  4. Role of genetic testing in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia. (PMID: 19863551) Barahona-Dussault C. … Brugada R. (Clin. Genet. 2010) 3 4 46 64
  5. Mutation of plakophilin-2 gene in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. (PMID: 19302745) Wu S.L. … Deng M. (Chin. Med. J. 2009) 3 22 46 64

Products for PKP2 Gene

  • Addgene plasmids for PKP2

Sources for PKP2 Gene

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