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PKM2 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 68

GC15M070278

pyruvate kinase, muscle
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc , and/or ⁷Ensembl, ⁸miRBase)
About This Section

Aliases
CTHBP ^², ³
EC 2.7.1.40 ^³
MGC3932 ^²
OIP3 ^¹, ²
PK2 ^³
PK3 ^¹, ², ³, ⁵
PKM ^², ³
TCB ^²
THBP1 ^¹, ², ³, ⁵

Descriptions
Cytosolic thyroid hormone-binding protein ^³
OPA-interacting protein 3 ^²
PK, muscle type ^²
Pyruvate kinase 2/3 ^³
Pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme ^³
pyruvate kinase, muscle ^²
thyroid hormone-binding protein, cytosolic ^²

External Ids
HGNC: 9021¹
Entrez Gene: 5315²
UniProtKB: P14618³
Ensembl: ENSG00000067225⁷

Search outside databases for aliases for PKM2 gene

Previous GC identifers: GC15M068293 GC15M065596 GC15M070067 GC15M070207

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

EntrezGene summary for PKM2:

This gene encodes a protein involved in glycolysis. The encoded protein is a pyruvate kinase that

catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP, generating ATP and

pyruvate. This protein has been shown to interact with thyroid hormone and may mediate cellular

metabolic effects induced by thyroid hormones. This protein has been found to bind Opa protein, a

bacterial outer membrane protein involved in gonococcal adherence to and invasion of human cells,

suggesting a role of this protein in bacterial pathogenesis. Three alternatively spliced

transcript variants encoding two distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq]

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KPYM_HUMAN, P14618

Function: Glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from

phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, generating ATP

Gene Wiki entry for PKM2

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

Genomic View:

UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the PKM2 gene

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 15q22 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 15q23 HGNC cytogenetic band: 15q22-qter

PKM2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 15 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC15M070278: (about GC identifiers)

Start:	70,278,424 bp from pter
End:	70,310,738 bp from pter
Size:	32,315 bases
Orientation:	minus strand

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000015.8 NT_010194.16

(According to ¹UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to ²Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KPYM_HUMAN, P14618 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2

Size: 531 amino acids; 57937 Da

Cofactor: Magnesium

Cofactor: Potassium

Subunit: Monomer and homotetramer. Exists as a monomer in the absence of FBP, and reversibly

associates to form a homotetramer in the presence of FBP. The monomeric form binds T3. Tetramer

formation induces pyruvate kinase activity. Interacts with HERC1

Miscellaneous: There are 4 isozymes of pyruvate kinase in mammals: L, R, M1 and M2. L type is major

isozyme in the liver, R is found in red cells, M1 is the main form in muscle, heart and brain, and

M2 is found in early fetal tissues as well as in most cancer cells

PDB structures from and Proteopedia :

1T5A (3D)

1ZJH (3D)

3BJF (3D)

3BJT (3D)

3G2G (3D)

3GQY (3D)

3GR4 (3D)

3H6O (3D)

Secondary accessions: A6NFK3 B2R5N8 B3KRY0 B4DFX8 P14786 Q53GK4 Q96E76 Q9BWB5 Q9UCV6 Q9UPF2

Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms: P14618-1 P14618-2, P14786-1

Post-translational modifications:

Phosphorylated upon DNA damage, probably by ATM or ATR¹

View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite²

REFSEQ proteins (3 alternative transcripts):

NP_002645.3 NP_872270.1 NP_872271.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000334983 ENSP00000373745 ENSP00000369278 ENSP00000320171

Human Recombinant Proteins

	Browse Drug Discovery Central at Invitrogen for human recombinant proteins
	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
	Browse Human Recombinant Proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (Pyruvate kinase, PKM2, Pyruvate Kinase)
	Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (PKM2)

OriGene Purified Recombinant Human Protein: PKM2

2 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	IDA	11256614
GO:0005829	cytosol	NAS	2813362

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Antibodies for PKM2:

	Browse Antibodies Central at Invitrogen
	Browse Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
	Sigma-Aldrich Antibodies for PKM2
	Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for PKM2 (PKM 1/2)
	Antibodies from Abcam (Pyruvate kinase, PKM2, Pyruvate Kinase), each with their Abpromise^SM
	Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (PKM2)
	Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PKM2

Assays for PKM2:

	Browse Invitrogen for biochemical assays
	Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P14618

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P14618

1 Blocks protein family: IPB001697 Pyruvate kinase

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KPYM_HUMAN, P14618

Similarity: Belongs to the pyruvate kinase family

(According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (PKM2)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (PKM2)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 3): NM_002654

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for PKM2

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for PKM2

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for PKM2

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Clones:		Invitrogen Clones for PKM2
		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore

OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 3): NM_002654
Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 3): NM_002654
untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 3): NM_002654

Primers:

Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers

OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_182470

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KPYM_HUMAN, P14618

Function: Glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from

phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, generating ATP

Catalytic activity: ATP + pyruvate = ADP + phosphoenolpyruvate

Enzyme regulation: Isoform M2 is allosterically activated by D-fructose 1,6-biphosphate (FBP).

Inhibited by oxalate and 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3)

Biophysicochemical properties: Kinetic parameters: KM=2.7 mM for phosphoenolpyruvate (at 32 degrees

Celsius, pH 8.0); KM=0.17 mM for phosphoenolpyruvate (in the presence of 2mM FBP, at 32 degrees

Celsius, pH 8.0); KM=0.34 mM for ADP (at 32 degrees Celsius, pH 8.0); KM=0.24 mM for ADP (in the

presence of 2mM FBP, at 32 degrees Celsius, pH 8.0); KM=0.13 mM for phosphoenolpyruvate (in the

presence of 2mM FBP, at 25 degrees Celsius); KM=0.63 mM for ADP (in the presence of 2mM FBP, at 25

degrees Celsius); pH dependence: Optimum pH for T3 binding is 6.0-6.5. Increase in pH causes T3

binding to drop, does not bind T3 above pH 9.0 or below pH 5.0;

Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 2.7.1.40

Genatlas biochemistry entry for PKM2:

pyruvate kinase,muscle (see THBP2),glycolysis,energy pathway,tetramer of 50-60kDa

subunit,generating ATP from ADP,with two alternatively spliced isoforms,M2 widely expressed and

M1,predominantly expressed in mature striated muscle and brain

5 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000287	magnesium ion binding	IEA	--
GO:0004743	pyruvate kinase activity	TAS	2040271 2813362 2854097
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	12620389 15231747 17220478 17620599
GO:0016740	transferase activity	IEA	--
GO:0030955	potassium ion binding	IEA	--

About this table

(Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, and/or ³STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
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4 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathways for PKM2 (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity)

Pyruvate Metabolism
Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis
Purine Metabolism
Type II Diabetes Mellitus Signaling

GeneDecks PKM2 for the pathways selected above

About GeneDecksing

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KPYM_HUMAN, P14618

Pathway: Carbohydrate degradation; glycolysis; pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: step 5/5

Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for PKM2

5/14 Interacting proteins for PKM2 (P14618^{1, 2}) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 14 )

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
RAF1	P04049¹^,²	EBI-353408, EBI-365996 MINT-19324 EBI-353408, EBI-365996 MINT-19324
ARRB1	P49407¹	EBI-353408, EBI-743313
ARRB2	P32121¹	EBI-353408, EBI-714559
EXOSC5	Q9NQT4¹	EBI-353408, EBI-371876
NDRG1	Q92597¹	EBI-353408, EBI-716486

About this table
1 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process term (links to tree view):
GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0006096 glycolysis NAS --
About this table

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
About This Section

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Small Molecules at Sigma-Aldrich

Browse Tocris compounds for PKM2
10 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for PKM2 gene

Compound	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
pyruvate	89.35	103	1532331 (3), 10470199 (3), 2176882 (3), 18191611 (3) (see all 72)
phosphoenolpyruvate	67.96	3	18298799 (1), 11336658 (1)
adp	33.61	1	1846303 (1)
pyrophosphate	27.52	3	1343845 (2), 12204438 (1)
glucose	26.36	14	9854017 (2), 16132722 (2), 1640060 (1), 18298799 (1) (see all 9)
fructose	15.11	2	1343845 (2)
atp	12.12	1	2385106 (1)
phenylalanine	7.32	3	2176882 (3)
hydrogen	0.00	3	2176882 (1), 1846303 (1)
calcium	0.00	1	8936679 (1)

About this table

(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (PKM2)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (PKM2)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 3): NM_002654

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for PKM2

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for PKM2

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs:

NM_002654 NM_182470 NM_182471

REFSEQ mRNAs for PKM2 gene (3 alternative transcripts):

NM_002654.3 NM_182470.1 NM_182471.1

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays:

NM_002654 NM_182470 NM_182471

               OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 3): NM_002654
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 3): NM_002654
                                 untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 3): NM_002654

Additional cDNA sequence:

AF025439.1 AK092369.1 AK222927.1 AK294315.1 AK297951.1 AK299413.1 AK300800.1 AK307855.1

AK308264.1 AK309781.1 AK312253.1 BC000481.2 BC007640.1 BC007952.2 BC012811.2 BC019265.2

BC023328.1 BC023592.2 BC035198.1 BC094767.1 BC096823.1 BX648597.1 CR592076.1 CR592184.1

CR602413.1 CR612091.1 CR621722.1 CR621899.1 CR626740.1 M23725.1 M26252.1 Z36786.1

Z36809.1 Z36831.1

24/197 DOTS entries (see all 197 ):

DT.100706021 DT.92473475 DT.99926520 DT.95077138 DT.100705992 DT.95311322 DT.100871692 DT.100706029

DT.100705949 DT.98083703 DT.91726913 DT.91890612 DT.92039033 DT.121043384 DT.100705983 DT.100870628

DT.91915413 DT.100705945 DT.100705947 DT.91717161 DT.121043415 DT.92473316 DT.100706034 DT.99926522

24/3712 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 3712 ):

BQ431039 BG250899 BQ876967 AA310986 BM912484 BU552604 BQ688819 BM894207

BQ420927 BQ676973 BG260933 BQ636099 BU167177 AW732404 BU146743 BF765439

AL559863 AA315552 CB143592 BM807010 BQ051892 BQ957454 BU161240 AI753802

highest scoring ESTs for PKM2:

M26252 AA113959 AA311990 AA326539 AA351477 AK092369 AL039009 AL515460 AL536251 AL550587

Unigene Cluster for PKM2:

Pyruvate kinase, muscle

Hs.534770 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: AK297951

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/13 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PKM2 (see all 13 )

ExUns:	1	^	2	^	3a	·	3b	·	3c	^	4a	·	4b	^	5a	·	5b	^	6a	·	6b	^	7a	·	7b	·	7c	·	7d	^	8a	·	8b	·	8c	·	8d	^	9	^	10	^	11a	·	11b	·	11c	^	12a	·	12b	^
SP1:									-												-								-		-																-		-		-
SP2:			-		-		-		-				-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-												-
SP3:																													-		-										-		-				-		-		-
SP4:																													-		-																-
SP5:																													-		-																-		-		-

ExUns:	13a	·	13b	^	14a	·	14b	·	14c	·	14d	^	15
SP1:			-		-
SP2:	-		-		-
SP3:			-		-
SP4:
SP5:	-		-		-

About this scheme

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for PKM2

4 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations:

ENST00000335181 ENST00000389093 ENST00000327974 ENST00000319622

(Experimental results according to ¹GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to ²GeneAnnot , ³GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
About This Section

PKM2 expression in normal and diseased human tissues

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for PKM2

¹ / ² / ³

4 probe-sets matching PKM2 gene

Affymetrix probe-set	Array	# genes	Sensitivity	Specificity	Correlation	Length	Gb_Accession	Consensus	Uniqueness	Score	Rank
Affymetrix probe-set	Array	GeneAnnot data			GeneNote data		GeneTide data
32378_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	1	1.00	1.00	0.84	1.37	M26252	1.00	1.00	1.00	1
75145_r_at*²^{, 3}	U95-D	1	--	--	0.42	0.63	AW044045	0.20	1.00	0.72	1
201251_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	NM_002654	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
201251_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

GeneDecks PKM2 for binary patterns associated with the probe-sets selected above

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Data from

(Publications) and GNF BioGPS
About these images
About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: TGGCCCCACC

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.534770
Expression variation in blood from EXPOLDB for PKM2

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD and/or ⁵MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
About This Section

Orthologs for PKM2 gene from 5/23 species (see all 23 )

Organism	Gene	Locus	Description	Human Similarity	NCBI accessions
dog (Canis familiaris)	PKM2¹	--	pyruvate kinase, muscle	89.77(n) 94.54(a)	403874 XM_535531.2 XP_535531.2
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)	PKM2¹	--	pyruvate kinase, muscle	99.81(n) 100(a)	748700 XM_001175064.1 XP_001175064.1
cow (Bos taurus)	PKM2¹	--	pyruvate kinase, muscle	88.7(n) 93.79(a)	512571 XM_590109.3 XP_590109.3
rat (Rattus norvegicus)	Pkm2¹	--	pyruvate kinase, muscle	90.02(n) 96.61(a)	25630 NM_053297.1 NP_445749.1
mouse (Mus musculus)	Pkm2^{1, 5}	9 (52.00 cM)⁵	pyruvate kinase, muscle^{1, 5}	87.19(n)¹ 93.79(a)¹	18746¹ NM_011099.2¹ NP_035229.2¹ AA414905⁵ AK002341⁵ (see all 52)

About this table Species with no ortholog for PKM2

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PKM2

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene
and ²Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to ³Pseudogene.org)
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Paralogs for PKM2 gene

PKLR²

Pseudogenes

1 related pseudogene

(According to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

10/313 NCBI SNPs in PKM2 are shown (see all 313 )
(Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay) (see all 93)

AB	SNP ID	Valid	Chr 15 pos	Sequence	Recs	AA Chg	Type	More	Recs	Pop	Total sample	More
AB	Genomic Data				Transcription Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--			--
	rs2856931^1,2	C,F,H	70310946(-)	`AAAGAG/CACCCC`	3	--	ng3¹ tfbs³		4	EU EA WA	414
	rs3743227^1,2	C,F,H	70311348(+)	`TGCCTC/GAGAGT`	3	--	ng3¹		5	EA NS EU	1962
	rs890312^1,2	A,C,F	70310394(-)	`GATCCA/GGGGCG`	3	--	int¹ ut5¹ ese³		4	NS MN NA	492
--	rs3759902^1,2	C,H	70312328(+)	`gtgagC/Gagaga`	3	--	ng3¹		4	EU EA WA	414
	rs3743228^1,2	C,F	70311424(+)	`ATTAGG/AGCCGA`	3	--	ng3¹		8	EA NS	2296
--	rs8192349^1,2	C,F	70310819(-)	`TTAAAA/GTGTGA`	3	--	ng3¹		7	NS	832
--	rs8192343^1,2	C,F	70311339(-)	`CATTCG/ACTCTG`	3	--	ng3¹		7	NS	836
	rs3743229^1,2	C,F	70311554(+)	`AACTAA/CTGATG`	3	--	ng3¹		1	EA	1474
	rs2959910^1,2	H	70286247(-)	`GCCCCG/CCCCCA`	3	P/R	mis¹ ese³		4	EU EA WA	418
--	rs11558370^1,2	H	70286580(-)	`TGCTCA/CGAAGA`	3	Q/P	mis¹ ese³		4	EU EA WA	406

About this table

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for PKM2 (up to first 250kb)

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

OMIM: 179050

10/13 Novoseek disease relationships for PKM2 gene (see all 13 )

Disease	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
pyruvate kinase deficiency	65.82	1	9127121 (1)
colorectal cancer	40.74	6	17649802 (1), 17301655 (1), 12820312 (1), 16315127 (1) (see all 6)
cancer	31.56	5	17552551 (1), 18337823 (1), 18191611 (1), 11138278 (1) (see all 5)
tumors	31.00	21	18298799 (2), 1532331 (2), 12566817 (1), 15908230 (1) (see all 16)
carcinoma renal cell	29.66	3	8180780 (2), 10470199 (1)
pancreatic cancer	26.72	3	18795715 (1), 17632316 (1)
meningioma	25.15	3	1343845 (2), 8299208 (1)
adenoma	18.93	3	12820312 (1), 19240248 (1)
hepatocellular carcinoma	1.26	2	2174328 (1), 8174464 (1)
shock	0.78	5	18797883 (1), 16765071 (1), 15143536 (1), 17318615 (1)

About this table

Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: PKM2 (1 document)

(Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
About This Section

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Novoseek, ²HGNC, ³Entrez Gene, ⁴UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁵UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁶GAD, and/or ⁷PharmGKB)
About This Section

10/142 PubMed articles for PKM2 gene (see all 142 ):

Structural basis for tumor pyruvate kinase M2 allosteric regulation and catalysis. (PubMed id 15996096)^{1, 3, 4} Dombrauckas J.D.... Mesecar A.D. (2005)
A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization. (PubMed id 16964243)^{3, 4} Beausoleil S.A.... Gygi S.P. (2006)
Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. (PubMed id 17081983)^{3, 4} Olsen J.V....Mann M. (2006)
Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. (PubMed id 15592455)^{3, 4} Rush J.... Comb M.J. (2005)
Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)^{3, 4} Ota T....Sugano S. (2004)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{3, 4} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. (PubMed id 12665801)^{3, 4} Gevaert K.... Vandekerckhove J. (2003)
Using the yeast two-hybrid system to identify human epithelial cell proteins that bind gonococcal Opa proteins: intracellular gonococci bind pyruvate kinase via their Opa proteins and require host pyruvate for growth. (PubMed id 9466265)^{3, 4} Williams J.M.... Rest R.F. (1998)
Isolation and characterization of the human pyruvate kinase M gene. (PubMed id 2040271)^{3, 4} Takenaka M.... Tanaka T. (1991)
Cytosolic thyroid hormone-binding protein is a monomer of pyruvate kinase. (PubMed id 2813362)^{3, 4} Kato H.... Cheng S.-Y. (1989)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 5315	HGNC: 9021	AceView: PKM2	Ensembl:ENSG00000067225	euGenes: HUgn5315
ECgene: PKM2	H-InvDB: PKM2

(According to HUGE)
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(According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for PKM2	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
NIEHS-SNPs	http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/pkm2/

Licensable Technologies for PKM2
(Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)

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(Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
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Products for PKM2:

TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays

TaqMan ® Genotyping Assays

Free SNP selection tool

Invitrogen iPath Pathways	Invitrogen BLOCK-iT™ RNAi
Invitrogen Antibodies	Invitrogen Assays
Invitrogen Clones	Invitrogen Q-PCR Products
Invitrogen Human Recombinant Kinases	Invitrogen Custom Antibody and Peptide Service
Invitrogen Proteins / Assays / Screening Services	Search Invitrogen catalog for PKM2-related products

	Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
	Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
	Millipore Immunoassay Services
	Millipore Target Screening & Profiling Services

	Predesigned and custom siRNAs for PKM2		Antibodies for PKM2
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	Lentivirus-delivered shRNAs for PKM2		Browse small molecules at Sigma-Aldrich
	"Your Favorite Gene" Pathways		feedback

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	Cell Culture Products		ELISAs
	Flow Cytometry Kits		Protease Activity Assays & Reagents
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	Multiplex/Array Assay Kits & Reagents		ELISpot Kits & Development Modules
	Recombinant & Natural Proteins

	Recombinant Proteins (PKM2)
	Antibodies (PKM2)
	Chimera RNAi (PKM2)
	Custom Service for Mouse Mab
	Custom Service for Rabbit Pab from Full-length Protein

Antibodies & Assays for PKM2 (PKM 1/2)

	Recombinant Proteins (Pyruvate kinase, PKM2, Pyruvate Kinase)
	Antibodies (Pyruvate kinase, PKM2, Pyruvate Kinase)

	Tagged/untagged cDNA clones
	Validated SYBR primer pairs
	Purified proteins from HEK293T cells
	Western blot validated antibodies
	shRNA in GFP-retroviral vector

Search Tocris compounds for PKM2

Search www.enzolifesicences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies

Antibodies for PKM2

GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 2 Jul 2009 Incremental update: 13 Oct 2009

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Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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PKM2 Gene at Home site.
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PKM2 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 68

Aliases &
Descriptions
for PKM2

Summaries
for PKM2

Genomic Location
for PKM2

Proteins
for PKM2

Protein Domains/
Families
for PKM2

Gene Function
for PKM2

Pathways & Interactions
for PKM2

Drugs & Compounds
for PKM2

Transcripts
for PKM2

Expression
for PKM2

Orthologs
for PKM2

Paralogs
for PKM2

SNPs/Variants
for PKM2

Disorders & Mutations
for PKM2

Medical News
for PKM2

Publications
for PKM2

Search for PKM2

Genome Databases showing PKM2

Other Databases showing PKM2

Specialized Databases showing PKM2

Licensable Technologies
for PKM2

Services
for PKM2

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

PKM2 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 68

Aliases & Descriptionsfor PKM2

Summariesfor PKM2

Genomic Locationfor PKM2

Proteinsfor PKM2

Protein Domains/Familiesfor PKM2

Gene Functionfor PKM2

Pathways & Interactionsfor PKM2

Drugs & Compoundsfor PKM2

Transcriptsfor PKM2

Expression for PKM2

Orthologsfor PKM2

Paralogsfor PKM2

SNPs/Variantsfor PKM2

Disorders & Mutationsfor PKM2

Medical Newsfor PKM2

Publicationsfor PKM2

Search for PKM2

Genome Databases showing PKM2

Other Databases showing PKM2

Specialized Databases showing PKM2

Licensable Technologiesfor PKM2

Servicesfor PKM2

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Aliases &
Descriptions
for PKM2

Summaries
for PKM2

Genomic Location
for PKM2

Proteins
for PKM2

Protein Domains/
Families
for PKM2

Gene Function
for PKM2

Pathways & Interactions
for PKM2

Drugs & Compounds
for PKM2

Transcripts
for PKM2

Expression
for PKM2

Orthologs
for PKM2

Paralogs
for PKM2

SNPs/Variants
for PKM2

Disorders & Mutations
for PKM2

Medical News
for PKM2

Publications
for PKM2

Licensable Technologies
for PKM2

Services
for PKM2