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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

PI16 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 46
GCID: GC06P036555

peptidase inhibitor 16

(Previous name: protease inhibitor 16 )
 Explore 4 diseases affiliated with
PI16 via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for PI16    

Aliases
for PI16 gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Peptidase Inhibitor 161 2     PSP94-Binding Protein2 3
MSMBBP1 2     MGC453781
Protease Inhibitor 161 2     DJ90K10.51
Cysteine-Rich Secretory Protein 92 3     Microseminoprotein, Beta-Binding Protein2
CRISP92 3     CRISP-93
PSPBP2 3     PI-163

External Ids:    HGNC: 212451   Entrez Gene: 2214762   Ensembl: ENSG000001645307   UniProtKB: Q6UXB83   

Export aliases for PI16 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC06P036923 GC06P036971 GC06P036972 GC06P037030 GC06P036922 GC06P036647


Summaries
for PI16 gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PI16_HUMAN, Q6UXB8
Function: Putative serine protease inhibitor (By similarity)




Genomic Views
for PI16 gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000006.11  NC_018917.1  NT_007592.15  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the PI16 gene promoter:
         AML1a   Egr-1   Pax-2   Pax-2a   MIF-1   YY1   Egr-2   Pax-3   ZIC2/Zic2   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: PI16 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for PI16

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat PI16


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 6p21.2   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  6p21.31   HGNC cytogenetic band: 6p21.31

PI16 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
PI16 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 6         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC06P036555:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 36,555,311 bp from pter      End:
 36,932,613 bp from pter
Size:
 377,303 bases      Orientation:
 plus strand

Proteins
for PI16 gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PI16_HUMAN, Q6UXB8 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Peptidase inhibitor 16 precursor  
Size: 463 amino acids; 49471 Da
Subunit: Interacts with PSP94/MSMB
Subcellular location: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein (Potential)
Miscellaneous: May serve as a marker following prostatectomy for prostate cancer
Sequence caution: Sequence=AAH22399.2; Type=Frameshift; Positions=400;
Secondary accessions: Q6ZVG9 Q8IYL8 Q8NBK0 Q8TCB8
Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms:  Q6UXB8-1   Q6UXB8-2   (No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for PI16: NX_Q6UXB8

Post-translational modifications:

  • N- and O-glycosylated. O-glycosylated with core 1 or possibly core 8 glycans1
  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q6UXB8

    • PI16 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_001186088.1  NP_699201.2  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000362778   ENSP00000444848  

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    Novus Biologicals PI16 Protein
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    ProSpec Recombinant Protein for PI16
    Uscn Proteins for PI16

    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005576extracellular region IEA--
    GO:0016021integral to membrane IEA--


    PI16 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for PI16 gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    PI16 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    3 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR014044 CAP_domain
     IPR001283 Allrgn_V5/Tpx1
     IPR018244 Allrgn_V5/Tpx1_CS

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q6UXB8

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q6UXB8

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB001283 Allergen V5/Tpx-1 related

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PI16_HUMAN, Q6UXB8
    Similarity: Belongs to the CRISP family


    Function
    for PI16 gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PI16_HUMAN, Q6UXB8
    Function: Putative serine protease inhibitor (By similarity)

    miRNA
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    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PI16
    8/9 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PI16 (see all 9):
    hsa-miR-4283 hsa-miR-676 hsa-miR-205 hsa-miR-185* hsa-miR-3151 hsa-miR-2355-3p hsa-miR-324-3p hsa-miR-143*
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PI16 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
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    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PI16 (see all 4)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: PI16
    OriGene siRNA: PI16
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PI16

    Gene Editing
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    Clone
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    Cell Line
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    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for PI16

    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PI16

    Gene Ontology (GO): 1 molecular function term (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0030414peptidase inhibitor activity IEA--


    PI16 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Pathways & Interactions
    for PI16 gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section



    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for PI16

    Drugs & Compounds
    for PI16 gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section
    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for PI16
    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about PI16 

    Transcripts
    for PI16 gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for PI16 gene (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_001199159.1  NM_153370.2  

    Unigene Cluster for PI16:

    Peptidase inhibitor 16
    Hs.25391  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: AK124589
    3 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000373674(uc021yzd.1 uc003ona.3 uc011dts.1) ENST00000491324
    ENST00000536757(uc003omz.1)

    miRNA
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    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PI16
    8/9 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PI16 (see all 9):
    hsa-miR-4283 hsa-miR-676 hsa-miR-205 hsa-miR-185* hsa-miR-3151 hsa-miR-2355-3p hsa-miR-324-3p hsa-miR-143*
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PI16 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
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    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PI16 (see all 4)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: PI16
    OriGene siRNA: PI16
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PI16
    Clone
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    Primer
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AK075470.1 AK124589.1 AK302193.1 AK303928.1 AK312785.1 AL050088.1 AY358422.1 BC022399.1 
    BC035634.1 

    6 DOTS entries:

    DT.112913  DT.100715669  DT.92418249  DT.121343213  DT.100701718  DT.121343215 

    24/119 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 119):

    BM663032 BF221986 BP342209 BM718403 CR626203 BM708009 AA035063 AL050088 
    BQ030218 BC022399 BM662458 BU151097 AL603065 BP373009 BC035634 BP374774 
    C04791 BI818191 BG059778 BP374798 CD558362 BM808568 CD671236 CA388614 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5/6 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PI16 (see all 6)    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1a · 1b · 1c · 1d · 1e ^ 2a · 2b ^ 3a · 3b ^ 4 ^ 5 ^ 6 ^ 7a · 7b · 7c · 7d ^ 8
    SP1:                                      -                                               -     -         
    SP2:                                      -                             -                                 
    SP3:                          -           -                                                               
    SP4:                                                                                                      
    SP5:                                                                                            -         


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for PI16

    Expression
    for PI16 gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    PI16 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: TGCGCTCTCC

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    PI16 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 1 LifeMap Cell 
    NameCategory
    HyStem+TGF?3+GDF5-induced 7PEND24 cells (HyStem+TGF?3+GDF5 in...)Bone
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization

    See PI16 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for PI16

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.25391

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PI16_HUMAN, Q6UXB8
    Tissue specificity: Expressed in prostate, testis, ovary and intestine. Concentrates in prostate cancer patient's sera

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    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
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    Orthologs
    for PI16 gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

    Orthologs for PI16 gene from 5/17 species (see all 17)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves PI161 peptidase inhibitor 16 53.57(n)
    49.81(a)    		   419818  XM_417954.3  XP_417954.3 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia PI166
    		 --
    		 45(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 4(123659023-123664510)
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii CU855944.16
    		 --
    		 28(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 23(41945385-41963203)
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)    		 Secernentea scl-181 Protein SCL-18 46.67(n)
    50.77(a)    		   188436  NM_069827.1  NP_502228.1 
    rice
    (Oryza sativa)    		 Liliopsida Os.94212 Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group) putative type-1 more 75.09(n)    NM_195297.1 


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PI16 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for PI16 (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for PI16 gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for PI16 gene
    CLEC18B2  CRISPLD22  CLEC18C2  GLIPR12  CRISP22  PI152  CRISP12  CRISPLD12  
    CRISP32  GLIPR1L12  CLEC18A2  GLIPR1L22  R3HDML2  
    5 SIMAP similar genes for PI16 using alignment to 1 protein entry:     PI16_HUMAN:
    GLIPR1    R3HDML    CRISP2    CRISP3    PI15

    PI16 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    Genomic Variants
    for PI16 gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/401 NCBI SNPs in PI16 are shown (see all 401)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 6 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs580880681,2
    		C,F,--36914095(+) ACACCG/ATCTAC 1 -- us2k14Minor allele frequency- A:0.19WA CSA NA 242
    rs1902361621,2
    		--36914107(+) CTGATA/GCTGCC 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs10230361,2
    		C,F,A,H,--36914173(+) CTCCAC/TGTGCT 1 -- us2k113Minor allele frequency- T:0.41EA NS NA WA CSA 668
    rs1809375161,2
    		--36914181(+) GCTTGC/TCTTAA 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs728468811,2
    		C,--36914206(+) TAGTGA/GCAGGT 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs795885451,2
    		F,--36914258(+) TCCCCG/AACCTA 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- A:0.07WA 118
    rs605689511,2
    		C,F,--36914264(+) ACCTAT/CACTGG 1 -- us2k14Minor allele frequency- C:0.19WA CSA NA 242
    rs1161572731,2
    		--36914271(+) CTGGGG/AAAATC 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- A:0.01WA 118
    rs2009307271,2
    		--36914277(+) AAATC-/ACTT  
                ACCTT     		1 -- us2k10--------
    rs606072081,2
    		C,F,--36914325(+) GAGACT/CCACCT 1 -- us2k15Minor allele frequency- C:0.19NA WA CSA 244

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for PI16 (36555311 - 36805311 bp, first 250kb of PI16)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
          Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for PI16: --

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing PI16
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for PI16

    Disorders / Diseases
    for PI16 gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    PI16 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    4 diseases for PI16:    About MalaCards
    prostate adenocarcinoma    adenocarcinoma    prostatitis    prostate cancer


    Export disorders for PI16 gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for PI16 gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for PI16 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 14):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with PI16)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Prognostic value of prostate secretory protein of 94 amino acids and its binding protein after radical prostatectomy. (PubMed id 17062675)1, 2, 9 Reeves J.R.... Ramnani D.M. (2006)
    2. Identification, purification and characterization of a novel human blood protein with binding affinity for prostate secretory protein of 94 amino acids. (PubMed id 15344909)1, 2, 9 Reeves J.R.... Tanner J.E. (2005)
    3. Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full- length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo- capped cDNA libraries. (PubMed id 16303743)1, 2 Otsuki T....Isogai T. (2005)
    4. The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. (PubMed id 12975309)1, 2 Clark H.F.... Gray A.M. (2003)
    5. PI16 is expressed by a subset of human memory Treg wit h enhanced migration to CCL17 and CCL20. (PubMed id 22533972)1 Nicholson I.C....Krumbiegel D. (2012)
    6. Human urinary glycoproteomics; attachment site specific analysis of N-and O-linked glycosylations by CID and ECD. (PubMed id 22171320)2 Halim A.... Larson G. (2011)
    7. Chemerin, a novel adipokine in the regulation of angi ogenesis. (PubMed id 20237162)1 Bozaoglu K....Jowett J.B. (2010)
    8. Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes. (PubMed id 16344560)1 Kimura K.... Sugano S. (2006)
    9. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    10. Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)2 Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)

    External Searches for PI16 gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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    Genome Databases showing PI16 gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 221476 HGNC: 21245 AceView: PI16 Ensembl:ENSG00000164530 euGenes: HUgn221476
    ECgene: PI16 H-InvDB: PI16

    Other Databases showing PI16 gene

    (According to HUGE)
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    Specialized Databases showing PI16 gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for PI16 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    Intellectual Property
    for PI16 gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for PI16 gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving PI16

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