Aliases for PF4 Gene
Aliases for PF4 Gene
External Ids for PF4 Gene
- HGNC: 8861
- Entrez Gene: 5196
- Ensembl: ENSG00000163737
- OMIM: 173460
- UniProtKB: P02776
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for PF4 Gene
- GC04M074836
- GC04M075086
- GC04M075247
- GC04M075313
- GC04M075211
- GC04M070658
Summaries for PF4 Gene
-
This gene encodes a member of the CXC chemokine family. This chemokine is released from the alpha granules of activated platelets in the form of a homotetramer which has high affinity for heparin and is involved in platelet aggregation. This protein is chemotactic for numerous other cell type and also functions as an inhibitor of hematopoiesis, angiogenesis and T-cell function. The protein also exhibits antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]
GeneCards Summary for PF4 Gene
PF4 (Platelet Factor 4) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PF4 include Thrombocytopenia and Megakaryocytic Leukemia. Among its related pathways are PEDF Induced Signaling and Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include heparin binding and CXCR3 chemokine receptor binding. An important paralog of this gene is PF4V1.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PF4 Gene
-
Released during platelet aggregation. Neutralizes the anticoagulant effect of heparin because it binds more strongly to heparin than to the chondroitin-4-sulfate chains of the carrier molecule. Chemotactic for neutrophils and monocytes. Inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, the short form is a more potent inhibitor than the longer form.
Additional gene information for PF4 Gene
- Monarch Initiative
- Search for PF4 at DataMed
- Search for PF4 at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for PF4 Gene
Genomics for PF4 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements for PF4 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Identifier | GH Type | GH Score |
GH Sources | Gene Association Score | Total Score | TSS distance (kb) | Number of Genes Away | Size (kb) | Transcription Factor Binding Sites |
Gene Targets |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GH04I073981 | Promoter | 1.5 | EPDnew Ensembl | 550.8 | +0.1 | 123 | 0.4 | CTCF PKNOX1 ZNF792 ZNF384 ZIC2 ZNF335 ZNF600 ZBTB20 ZNF189 L3MBTL2 | PF4 PIR32408 | |
GH04I073915 | Enhancer | 1.1 | FANTOM5 Ensembl ENCODE | 9.2 | +64.8 | 64828 | 2.9 | ZNF449 CEBPB EP300 ZIC2 SP1 ZFHX2 JUND ATF4 FOS FOSL2 | CXCL3 CXCL8 EREG PF4 CXCL2 CXCL1 MTHFD2L HNRNPA1P55 | |
GH04I073867 | Promoter/Enhancer | 1.8 | EPDnew Ensembl ENCODE | 4.7 | +112.6 | 112645 | 3.2 | PKNOX1 RB1 RAD21 ZNF335 GLIS2 SCRT2 SP3 CEBPB REST ZEB2 | CXCL1 PF4V1 PF4 HNRNPA1P55 | |
GH04I074004 | Enhancer | 1 | ENCODE dbSUPER | 7.4 | -23.8 | -23766 | 3.4 | FOXA2 SIN3A RARA CREM HMG20B SP5 CEBPB SP1 NFIL3 IKZF1 | PF4 CXCL5 RN7SL218P | |
GH04I073978 | Enhancer | 0.6 | ENCODE | 12.1 | +3.0 | 3043 | 1.2 | MAFG ZBTB40 ZNF316 SMARCA4 IKZF1 NFE2 PRDM10 FOS EMSY MAFK | PF4 CXCL5 PF4V1 PIR32408 |
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the PF4 gene promoter:
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Locations for PF4 Gene
- chr4:73,980,825-73,982,124
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 1,300 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
- chr4:74,846,794-74,847,841
- (GRCh37/hg19)
Genomic View for PF4 Gene
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 4q13.3 by Ensembl
- 4q13.3 by Entrez Gene
- 4q13.3 by HGNC


RefSeq DNA sequence for PF4 Gene
Proteins for PF4 Gene
-
Protein details for PF4 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P02776-PLF4_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Platelet factor 4
- Protein Accession:
- P02776
- Q53X61
- Q9UC64
- Q9UC65
Protein attributes for PF4 Gene
- Size:
- 101 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 10845 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Homotetramer.
Protein Expression for PF4 Gene
Post-translational modifications for PF4 Gene
Other Protein References for PF4 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- R&D Systems Antibodies for PF4 (CXCL4/PF4)
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for PF4
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PF4
-
Abcam antibodies for PF4
-
Cloud-Clone Corp. Antibodies for PF4
- Invitrogen Antibodies for PF4
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-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for PF4
- Sino Biological Antibodies for PF4
Protein Products
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-
Cloud-Clone Corp. Proteins for PF4
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for PF4
-
ProSci Proteins for PF4
-
Abcam proteins for PF4
Assay Products
- R&D Systems ELISAs, Luminex Assays, Proteome Profiler Antibody Arrays, and other biochemical assays for PF4 (CXCL4/PF4)
-
Abcam assays for PF4
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for PF4 Gene
Domains & Families for PF4 Gene
Gene Families for PF4 Gene
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Cancer-related genes
- Candidate cardiovascular disease genes
- Plasma proteins
- Predicted secreted proteins
Protein Domains for PF4 Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for PF4 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P02776- Family:
-
- Belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family.
Function for PF4 Gene
Molecular function for PF4 Gene
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- platelet factor 4 (see IMC2@)
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Released during platelet aggregation. Neutralizes the anticoagulant effect of heparin because it binds more strongly to heparin than to the chondroitin-4-sulfate chains of the carrier molecule. Chemotactic for neutrophils and monocytes. Inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, the short form is a more potent inhibitor than the longer form.
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for PF4 Gene
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005125 | cytokine activity | IEA | -- |
GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 19805618 |
GO:0008009 | chemokine activity | TAS | 12466273 |
GO:0008201 | heparin binding | IDA | 9531587 |
GO:0048248 | CXCR3 chemokine receptor binding | IDA | 12782716 |
Phenotypes for PF4 Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for PF4:
- inferred from 1 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for PF4:
Animal Models for PF4 Gene
- MGI Knock Outs for PF4:
-
- Pf4 tm1Mako
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
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-
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for PF4 gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for PF4 gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for PF4
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PF4
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for available PF4 gene related products
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-
Vectors and viruses for KO, Activation, Repression, and more
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PF4
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for PF4
miRNA for PF4 Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target PF4
-
- hsa-mir-325 (MIRT765571)
- hsa-mir-548ac (MIRT774055)
- hsa-mir-548ae-3p (MIRT774072)
- hsa-mir-548ah-3p (MIRT774092)
- hsa-mir-548aj-3p (MIRT774119)
- hsa-mir-548am-3p (MIRT774142)
- hsa-mir-548aq-3p (MIRT774179)
- hsa-mir-548bb-3p (MIRT774285)
- hsa-mir-548d-3p (MIRT774363)
- hsa-mir-548h-3p (MIRT774404)
- hsa-mir-548j-3p (MIRT774426)
- hsa-mir-548x-3p (MIRT774564)
- hsa-mir-548z (MIRT774585)
- hsa-mir-628-3p (MIRT776129)
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for PF4
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene RNAi, sirna, and shrna products in human, mouse, rat for PF4
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- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for available PF4 gene related products
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for PF4 gene
Clone Products
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PF4
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-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- Addgene plasmids for PF4
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for available PF4 gene related products
- orf clones - Search results for available PF4 gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for PF4
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for PF4
-
ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for PF4 gene
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for PF4 gene
-
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No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for PF4 Gene
Localization for PF4 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PF4 Gene
- Secreted.
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005576 | extracellular region | TAS | -- |
GO:0005615 | extracellular space | IBA | -- |
GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IDA | 23245326 |
GO:0020005 | symbiont-containing vacuole membrane | IDA | 23245326 |
GO:0031093 | platelet alpha granule lumen | TAS | -- |
No data available for Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for PF4 Gene
Pathways & Interactions for PF4 Gene
SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | PEDF Induced Signaling |
.61
.47
|
|
2 | Peptide ligand-binding receptors | ||
3 | Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+ |
.44
|
|
4 | ERK Signaling |
.61
|
|
5 | Signaling by GPCR |
Pathways by source for PF4 Gene
1 BioSystems pathway for PF4 Gene
15 Reactome pathways for PF4 Gene
2 KEGG pathways for PF4 Gene
1 R&D Systems pathway for PF4 Gene
17 Qiagen pathways for PF4 Gene
Interacting Proteins for PF4 Gene
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0002576 | platelet degranulation | TAS | -- |
GO:0006935 | chemotaxis | IEA | -- |
GO:0006952 | defense response | IEA | -- |
GO:0006954 | inflammatory response | IBA | -- |
GO:0006955 | immune response | IBA | -- |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for PF4 Gene
Transcripts for PF4 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for PF4 Gene
- (2) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (4) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (30) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (1) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PF4
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for available PF4 gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials CRISPR for PF4
-
Vectors and viruses for KO, Activation, Repression, and more
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PF4
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for PF4
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for PF4
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene RNAi, sirna, and shrna products in human, mouse, rat for PF4
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For PF4
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for available PF4 gene related products
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for PF4 gene
Clone Products
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PF4
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for PF4
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for PF4
-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- Addgene plasmids for PF4
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for available PF4 gene related products
- orf clones - Search results for available PF4 gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for PF4
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
Expression for PF4 Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
-
Blood (Cardiovascular System)
- Definitive Hematopoietic Stem Cells Definitive Yolk Sac
- Megakaryocytes Hematopoietic Bone Marrow
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells Hematopoietic Bone Marrow
- Hematopoietic Bone Marrow
-
Bone (Muscoskeletal System)
- Mesenchymal Condensate Cells Zeugopod
- Bone Marrow
- Brain (Nervous System)
-
Yolk Sac (Extraembryonic Tissues)
- Definitive Hematopoietic Stem Cells Definitive Yolk Sac
-
Head Mesenchyme (Muscoskeletal System)
- Cranial Neural Crest Cells Branchial Arch 1
-
Neural Crest (Gastrulation Derivatives)
- Cranial Neural Crest Cells Branchial Arch 1
-
Limb (Muscoskeletal System)
- Mesenchymal Condensate Cells Zeugopod
-
Cartilage (Muscoskeletal System)
- Mesenchymal Condensate Cells Zeugopod
- Liver (Hepatobiliary System)
-
Spleen (Hematopoietic System)
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for PF4 Gene
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, and MOPED for PF4 Gene
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of PF4 Gene:
PF4SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for PF4 Gene:
Hs.81564Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for PF4 Gene
- Blood(4.7)
- Bone marrow(2.9)
- Heart(2.5)
- Spleen(2.1)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for PF4
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PF4
- genomics-online: primer clones - Search results for available PF4 gene related products
No data available for Protein tissue co-expression partners , mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for PF4 Gene
Orthologs for PF4 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | PF4 33 34 |
|
||
mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Pf4 33 16 34 |
|
||
rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Pf4 33 |
|
||
cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | PF4 33 34 |
|
||
platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | -- 34 |
|
ManyToMany | |
-- 34 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
-- 34 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | -- 34 |
|
OneToMany | |
chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | -- 34 |
|
OneToMany | |
lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | -- 34 |
|
OneToMany |
- Species where no ortholog for PF4 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- dog (Canis familiaris)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis)
- sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
- zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Paralogs for PF4 Gene
Variants for PF4 Gene
SNP ID | Clin | Chr 04 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
rs1000508914 | -- | 73,980,742(-) | A/T | downstream_transcript_variant | |
rs1001114874 | -- | 73,982,063(-) | C/A | 5_prime_UTR_variant, genic_upstream_transcript_variant, upstream_transcript_variant | |
rs1001315339 | -- | 73,981,798(-) | G/A | 5_prime_UTR_variant, intron_variant | |
rs1001909885 | -- | 73,983,821(-) | G/T | upstream_transcript_variant | |
rs1002297744 | -- | 73,982,395(-) | C/T | upstream_transcript_variant |
Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
---|---|---|---|
esv3575747 | CNV | gain | 25503493 |
nsv1001725 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
nsv1004768 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
nsv1006029 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
nsv525980 | CNV | gain | 19592680 |
Additional Variant Information for PF4 Gene
- SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
- PF4
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PF4 Gene
Disorders for PF4 Gene
Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|
thrombocytopenia |
|
|
megakaryocytic leukemia |
|
|
essential thrombocythemia |
|
|
thrombophilia |
|
|
thrombosis |
|
Additional Disease Information for PF4
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for PF4 Gene
Publications for PF4 Gene
- NMR solution structure of the 32-kDa platelet factor 4 ELR-motif N-terminal chimera: a symmetric tetramer. (PMID: 7547867) Mayo KH … Daly TJ (Biochemistry 1995) 3 4 22 58
- Crystal structure of recombinant human platelet factor 4. (PMID: 8031770) Zhang X … Maione TE (Biochemistry 1994) 3 4 22 58
- Structural and functional comparison of the genes for human platelet factor 4 and PF4alt. (PMID: 1695112) Eisman R … Poncz M (Blood 1990) 3 4 22 58
- Interleukin-9 polymorphism in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection: an opposite effect in boys and girls. (PMID: 20503287) Schuurhof A … Janssen R (Pediatric pulmonology 2010) 3 44 58
- Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study. (PMID: 20628086) Bailey SD … DREAM investigators (Diabetes care 2010) 3 44 58
Products for PF4 Gene
- R&D Systems Antibodies for PF4 (CXCL4/PF4)
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- Invitrogen Antibodies for PF4
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for PF4
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for PF4
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for PF4
- VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- Addgene plasmids for PF4
- antibodies-online: Search results for 163 available PF4 Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top PF4 Antibodies
- antibodies-online: Search results for 91 available PF4 Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
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- Quality Products:
- antibodies-online: Search results for 77 available PF4 Proteins ranked by validation data
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- Search GeneTex for Antibodies for PF4
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- ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for PF4 gene
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- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for available PF4 gene related products
- orf clones - Search results for available PF4 gene related products
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- genomics-online: primer clones - Search results for available PF4 gene related products
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for available PF4 gene related products
Sources for PF4 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) UniGene
- (27) AceView
- (28) ASD
- (29) ECgene
- (30) GeneAnnot
- (31) CGAP SAGE
- (32) SOURCE
- (33) HomoloGene
- (34) PanEnsembl
- (35) euGenes
- (36) SGD
- (37) FlyBase
- (38) WormBase
- (39) Pseudogene
- (40) DGV
- (41) dbSNP
- (42) GenAtlas
- (43) HGMD
- (44) GAD
- (45) BGMUT
- (46) HuGE
- (47) Atlas
- (48) Cell Signaling Technology
- (49) GenBank
- (50) H-invDB
- (51) HORDE
- (52) HUGE
- (53) IMGT
- (54) Leiden
- (55) miRBase
- (56) DME
- (57) OriGene
- (58) PubMed
- (59) R&D Systems
- (60) TGDB
- (61) Tocris
- (62) Abcam
- (63) Novus Biologicals
- (64) ProSpec
- (65) Sino Biological
- (66) GenScript
- (67) Qiagen
- (68) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (69) OCA
- (70) Proteopedia
- (71) MOPED
- (72) neXtProt
- (73) Reactome
- (74) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (75) fRNAdb
- (76) DISEASES
- (77) SIMAP
- (78) GenomeRNAi
- (79) LifeMap
- (80) miRTarBase
- (81) MalaCards
- (82) Invitrogen
- (83) BitterDB
- (84) Vector BioLabs
- (85) ESI-BIO
- (86) RefSeq
- (87) BioSystems
- (88) MaxQB
- (89) IUPHAR
- (90) BioGPS
- (91) Illumina
- (92) COMPARTMENTS
- (93) HOMER
- (94) PaxDb
- (95) ApexBio
- (96) Addgene
- (97) antibodies-online
- (98) CYP
- (99) NONCODE
- (100) SwitchGear Genomics
- (101) TreeFam
- (102) PathCards
- (103) GeneReviews
- (104) GeneTex
- (105) Taconic Biosciences
- (106) GTEx
- (107) ProteomicsDB
- (108) SCBT
- (109) DGIdb
- (110) ClinicalTrials
- (111) FDA Approved Drugs
- (112) RVIS
- (113) SIGNOR
- (114) diseasecard
- (115) NIH Rare Diseases
- (116) Orphanet
- (117) UMLS
- (118) GTR
- (119) Disease Ontology
- (120) Genetics Home Reference
- (121) MeSH
- (122) MedlinePlus
- (123) CDC
- (124) NINDS
- (125) NCBI Bookshelf
- (126) ClinVar
- (127) Gene Damage Index
- (128) ViGene Biosciences
- (129) HPO
- (130) UDN
- (131) VISTA
- (132) FANTOM5
- (133) ENCODE
- (134) ProSci
- (135) Horizon
- (136) NURSA
- (137) IID
- (138) Cyagen
- (139) VectorBuilder
- (140) SNPedia
- (141) BRCA Exchange
- (142) St John's Lab
- (143) CIViC
- (144) ProteoGenix
- (145) dbSUPER
- (146) TISSUES
- (147) Gene ORGANizer
- (148) abm
- (149) CrownBio
- (150) Human Protein Atlas
- (151) GWAS Catalog
- (152) Monarch Initiative
- (153) DataMed
- (154) HumanCyc
- (155) genomics-online
- (156) UCNEbase
- (157) EPDnew