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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

PER1 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 62
GCID: GC17M008043

Period Circadian Clock 1

(Previous names: period (Drosophila) homolog 1, period homolog 1 (Drosophila))
(Previous symbol: PER)
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Aliases
for PER1 gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, 10fRNAdb, 12H-InvDB, 13NCBI, 14NONCODE, and/or 15RNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Period Circadian Clock 11 2     Period Homolog 1 (Drosophila)1
PER1 2 3 5     hPER2
RIGUI2 3 5     Period Circadian Protein Homolog 12
Circadian Clock Protein PERIOD 12 3     Period Homolog 12
Circadian Pacemaker Protein Rigui2 3     Period, Drosophila, Homolog Of2
hPER12 3     KIAA04823
Period (Drosophila) Homolog 11     

External Ids:    HGNC: 88451   Entrez Gene: 51872   Ensembl: ENSG000001790947   OMIM: 6022605   UniProtKB: O155343   

Export aliases for PER1 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC17U990073 GC17M009132 GC17M007986 GC17M008244 GC17M007984 GC17M007938


Summaries
for PER1 gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for PER1 Gene:
This gene is a member of the Period family of genes and is expressed in a circadian pattern in the suprachiasmatic
nucleus, the primary circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain. Genes in this family encode components of the
circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, metabolism, and behavior. Circadian expression in the suprachiasmatic
nucleus continues in constant darkness, and a shift in the light/dark cycle evokes a proportional shift of gene
expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The specific function of this gene is not yet known. Alternative
splicing has been observed in this gene; however, these variants have not been fully described. (provided by
RefSeq, Jul 2008)

GeneCards Summary for PER1 Gene: 
PER1 (period circadian clock 1) is a protein-coding gene. Diseases associated with PER1 include advanced sleep phase syndrome, and delayed sleep phase syndrome, and among its related super-pathways are Circadian Clock and Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling. GO annotations related to this gene include E-box binding and signal transducer activity. An important paralog of this gene is PER3.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PER1_HUMAN, O15534
Function: Component of the circadian clock mechanism which is essential for generating circadian rhythms. Negative
element in the circadian transcriptional loop. Influences clock function by interacting with other circadian
regulatory proteins and transporting them to the nucleus. Negatively regulates CLOCK NPAS2-BMAL1 BMAL2-induced
transactivation. Can bind heme (By similarity)

Gene Wiki entry for PER1 Gene


Genomic Views
for PER1 gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 73), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000017.10  NT_010718.16  NC_018928.2  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the PER1 gene promoter:
         E2F-3a   E2F-4   AP-1   p53   ATF-2   E2F-2   c-Jun   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 2): PER1 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for PER1

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat PER1


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 17p13.1   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  17p13.1   HGNC cytogenetic band: 17p13.1

PER1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
PER1 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 17         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC17M008043:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 8,043,788 bp from pter      End:
 8,059,824 bp from pter
Size:
 16,037 bases      Orientation:
 minus strand

Proteins
for PER1 gene

(According to UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE 1MOPED, 2PaxDb, and 3MAXQB RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Cloud-Clone Corp.,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Cloud-Clone Corp., Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Oct 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, LSBio, Abcam, and/or Cloud-Clone Corp.)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PER1_HUMAN, O15534 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Period circadian protein homolog 1  
Size: 1290 amino acids; 136212 Da
Subunit: Homodimer (By similarity). Component of the circadian core oscillator, which includes the CRY proteins,
CLOCK or NPAS2, BMAL1 or BMAL2, CSNK1D and/or CSNK1E, TIMELESS, and the PER proteins. Interacts directly with
TIMELESS, PER2, PER3 and, through a C-terminal domain, with CRY1 and CRY2. Interaction with CSNK1D or CSNK1E
promotes nuclear location of PER proteins. Interacts with GPRASP1 (By similarity). Binding to CSNK1G2 triggers
proteasomal degradation
Subcellular location: Nucleus (By similarity). Cytoplasm (By similarity). Note=Mainly nuclear. Nucleocytoplasmic
shuttling is effected by interaction with other circadian core oscillator proteins and/or by phosphorylation.
Retention of PER1 in the cytoplasm occurs through PER1-PER2 heterodimer formation or by interaction with CSNK1E
and/or phosphorylation which appears to mask the PER1 nuclear localization signal. Also translocated to the
nucleus by CRY1 or CRY2 (By similarity)
Sequence caution: Sequence=BAC06326.2; Type=Erroneous initiation;
1 PDB 3D structure from and Proteopedia for PER1:
1UL6 (3D)    
Secondary accessions: B2RPA8 D3DTR3
Alternative splicing: 3 isoforms:  O15534-1   O15534-2   O15534-3   

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for PER1: NX_O15534

Explore proteomics data for PER1 at MOPED 

Post-translational modifications:

  • UniProtKB: Phosphorylated on serine residues by CSNK1E. Also can be phosphorylated by the delta isoform. Phosphorylation by
    CSNK1 retains PER1 in the cytoplasm and leads to its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation
  • UniProtKB: Ubiquitinated (By similarity)
  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_O15534

    • PER1 Protein expression data from MOPED1, PaxDb2 and MAXQB3 :    About this image 

    PER1 Protein Expression
    REFSEQ proteins: NP_002607.2  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000314420   ENSP00000462064   ENSP00000463054   ENSP00000346979   ENSP00000463369  
     ENSP00000464696   ENSP00000463385   ENSP00000462546   ENSP00000463661  
    Reactome Protein details: O15534
    Human Recombinant Protein Products for PER1: 
    Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
    Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
    Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
    Browse OriGene full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells
    Browse OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysates
    OriGene Custom MassSpec 
    OriGene Custom Protein Services for PER1
    GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for PER1
    Novus Biologicals PER1 Lysates
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates 
    Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
    Cloud-Clone Corp. Proteins for PER1 

    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005634nucleus IEA--
    GO:0005737cytoplasm IEA--

    PER1 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    PER1 Antibody Products: 
    EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of PER1
    R&D Systems Antibodies for PER1
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    GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for PER1
    Novus Biologicals PER1 Antibodies
    Abcam antibodies for PER1
    Cloud-Clone Corp. Antibodies for PER1 
    ThermoFisher Antibody for PER1
    LSBio Antibodies in human, mouse, rat for PER1 

    Assay Products for PER1: 
    Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene Custom Assay Services for PER1
    Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
    GenScript Custom Assay Services for PER1
    Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
    Cloud-Clone Corp. ELISAs for PER1 
    Cloud-Clone Corp. CLIAs for PER1

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for PER1 gene

    (According to HGNC, IUPHAR, InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    		 4 InterPro protein domains:
     IPR013655 PAS_fold_3
     IPR001610 PAC
     IPR000014 PAS
     IPR022728 Period_circadian-like_C

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry O15534

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: O15534

    2 Blocks protein domains:
    IPB000014 PAS domain
    IPB001610 PAC motif


    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PER1_HUMAN, O15534
    Similarity: Contains 1 PAC (PAS-associated C-terminal) domain
    Similarity: Contains 2 PAS (PER-ARNT-SIM) domains


    PER1 for domains           About GeneDecksing


    Function
    for PER1 gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, inGenious Targeting Laboratory, genOway,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, and Sirion Biotech, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Oct 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Molecular Function:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: PER1_HUMAN, O15534
    Function: Component of the circadian clock mechanism which is essential for generating circadian rhythms. Negative
    element in the circadian transcriptional loop. Influences clock function by interacting with other circadian
    regulatory proteins and transporting them to the nucleus. Negatively regulates CLOCK NPAS2-BMAL1 BMAL2-induced
    transactivation. Can bind heme (By similarity)
    Induction: Serum-induced levels in fibroblasts show circadian oscillations. Maximum levels after 1 hour
    stimulation, minimum levels after 12 hours. Another peak is then observed after 20 hours. Protein levels show
    maximum levels at 6 hours, decrease to reach minimum levels at 20 hours, and increase again to reach a second
    peak after 26 hours. Levels then decrease slightly and then increase to maximum levels at 32 hours. Levels of
    phosphorylated form increase between 3 hours and 12 hours

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for PER1:
    Drosophila period gene homolog,ortholog of murine Rigui,expressed in suprachiasmatic nucleus,putative key
    regulator of circadian rythms

         Gene Ontology (GO): 5 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0000978RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding IDA18411297
    GO:0000988protein binding transcription factor activity ISS--
    GO:0004871signal transducer activity IEA--
    GO:0005515protein binding ----
    GO:0070888E-box binding IDA18411297
         
    PER1 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    Phenotypes:
         10 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 3 alleles) (MGI details for Per1):
     behavior/neurological  embryogenesis  growth/size  hematopoietic system  homeostasis/metabolism 
     mortality/aging  nervous system  renal/urinary system  reproductive system  skeleton 

    PER1 for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing

    Animal Models:
         MGI mouse knock-outs for PER1: Per1tm1Brd Per1tm1Saco Per1tm1Drw

       inGenious Targeting Laboratory - Custom generated mouse model solutions for PER1 
       inGenious Targeting Laboratory - Custom generated inducible mouse model solutions for PER1

       genOway customized KO model: permanent, tissue-specific or time-controlled inactivation for PER1 
       genOway customized Knockin model: humanization, point mutation, expression monitoring, etc. for PER1 

    miRNA
    Products:            		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PER1
    8/26 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PER1 (see all 26):
    hsa-miR-4291 hsa-miR-4251 hsa-miR-1224-3p hsa-miR-1260b hsa-miR-29a hsa-miR-29c hsa-miR-4299 hsa-miR-486-3p
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PER1 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:            		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PER1
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PER1

    Gene Editing
    Products:    		DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for PER1
    Sirion Biotech Customized adenovirus for overexpression of PER1

    Clone
    Products:             		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene clones in human, mouse for PER1 (see all 7)
    OriGene ORF clones in mouse, rat for PER1
    OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: PER1 (NM_002616)
    Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for PER1
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PER1
    Sirion Biotech Customized lentivirus for stable overexpression of PER1 
                         Customized lentivirus expression plasmids for stable overexpression of PER1 

    Cell Line
    Products:             		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for PER1
    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for PER1
    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PER1


    Pathways & Interactions
    for PER1 gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Sino Biological, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Oct 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    SuperPaths for PER1 About   (see all 8)                                                                                              See pathways by source

    SuperPathContained pathways About
    1Circadian Clock
    		Circadian Clock0.40
    		Circadian rhythm0.35
    		BMAL1:CLOCK/NPAS2 Activates Circadian Expression0.40
    		Circadian Clock in Mammals0.30
    2Circadian entrainment
    		Circadian entrainment0.40
    3Influenza A
    		Herpes simplex infection0.33
    4Selected targets of CREB1
    		Selected targets of CREB1
    5Metabolic States and Circadian Oscillators
    		Metabolic States and Circadian Oscillators

    Pathways by source                                                                                                                                                                 See SuperPaths
    Show all pathways

    1 EMD Millipore Pathway for PER1
        Selected targets of CREB1

    3 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for PER1
        HIF1Alpha Pathway
    Metabolic States and Circadian Oscillators
    Circadian Clock in Mammals

    2 BioSystems Pathways for PER1
        Diurnally regulated genes with circadian orthologs
    Circadian rhythm pathway

    2        Reactome Pathways for PER1
        Circadian Clock
    BMAL1:CLOCK/NPAS2 Activates Circadian Expression


    3         Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for PER1):
        Circadian rhythm
    Circadian entrainment
    Herpes simplex infection


    PER1 for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for PER1

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 24)

    5/27 Interacting proteins for PER1 (O155343 ENSP000003144204) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 27)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    CRY1Q165263, ENSP000000085274I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000008527
    CSNK1DP487303, ENSP000003244644I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000324464
    CSNK1EP496743, ENSP000003529294I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000352929
    TIMELESSQ9UNS13, ENSP000002292014I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000229201
    BTRCQ9Y2973, ENSP000003592064I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000359206
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/9 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 9):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0000122negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter ISS--
    GO:0006351transcription, DNA-dependent IEA--
    GO:0006355regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent ----
    GO:0007165signal transduction ----
    GO:0007623circadian rhythm TAS9333243

    PER1 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for PER1 gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, Ligands according to IUPHAR, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    PER1 for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for PER1

    4 Novoseek inferred chemical compound relationships for PER1 gene    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    melatonin 42 5 16706855 (2), 14529560 (2), 17762827 (1)
    benzodiazepine 3.13 2 11139454 (1), 16313103 (1)
    lipid 0 3 17021251 (2), 14715703 (1)
    arginine 0 2 12598633 (1), 17715068 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about PER1

    Transcripts
    for PER1 gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 236 Homo sapiens; Apr 25 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    Conferences by KenesGroup, exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Sirion Biotech, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for PER1 gene: 
    NM_002616.2  

    Unigene Cluster for PER1:

    Period circadian clock 1
    Hs.445534  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_002616
    18/19 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant (see all 19):
    ENST00000317276(uc010cns.3 uc010vuq.2 uc002gkd.3) ENST00000581082
    ENST00000582719 ENST00000583677 ENST00000585284 ENST00000579098 ENST00000578089
    ENST00000578950 ENST00000354903(uc010vur.1) ENST00000583559 ENST00000581395
    ENST00000585095 ENST00000577424 ENST00000579203 ENST00000578223 ENST00000579065(uc010vus.1)
    ENST00000581703 ENST00000577253

    miRNA
    Products:             		 QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PER1
    8/26 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PER1 (see all 26):
    hsa-miR-4291 hsa-miR-4251 hsa-miR-1224-3p hsa-miR-1260b hsa-miR-29a hsa-miR-29c hsa-miR-4299 hsa-miR-486-3p
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PER1 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:             		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PER1
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PER1
    Clone
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    OriGene ORF clones in mouse, rat for PER1
    OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: PER1 (NM_002616)
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for PER1
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PER1
    Sirion Biotech Customized lentivirus for stable overexpression of PER1 
                         Customized lentivirus expression plasmids for stable overexpression of PER1 
    Primer
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      QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat PER1

    Additional mRNA sequence: 

    AB002107.1 AB088477.1 AF022991.1 AK291061.1 AK295410.1 BC072458.1 BC137346.1 BC144593.1 
    BC150151.1 

    23 DOTS entries:

    DT.75171234  DT.99948107  DT.305584  DT.120986621  DT.91962177  DT.91945512  DT.91700408  DT.91753710 
    DT.99927972  DT.40305235  DT.120986618  DT.97779467  DT.100713998  DT.120986609  DT.120986626  DT.305583 
    DT.95208780  DT.97796573  DT.100714801  DT.100769930  DT.120986653  DT.91726409  DT.92429382 

    24/253 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 253):

    CD615186 BM509159 BM466109 BM724696 BQ787668 AU118523 AL700704 BI771107 
    BI035908 AB002107 BM823765 AI718355 BP351139 BU618333 AB088477 CB240629 
    CA445980 CA391636 CA432949 BU149826 AI273951 CA306715 AI952483 CA312405 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure


    Expression
    for PER1 gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    PER1 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS <intensity>2/3
    CGAP TAG: GAGTCCCTGG
    PER1 Expression
    About this image


    See PER1 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for PER1

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.445534

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PER1_HUMAN, O15534
    Tissue specificity: Widely expressed. Found in heart, brain, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas,
    kidney, spleen, thymus, prostate, testis, ovary and small intestine. Highest level in skeletal muscle. Low level
    in kidney

        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including PER1: 
              cAMP / Ca2+ Signaling PathwayFinder in human mouse rat
              Circadian Rhythms in human mouse rat
              Hypoxia Signaling Pathway in human mouse rat

    Primer
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    SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat PER1
    QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat PER1
    QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat PER1
    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PER1

    Orthologs
    for PER1 gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

    Orthologs for PER1 gene from 6/13 species (see all 13)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)    		 Mammalia Per11 , 5 period homolog 1 (Drosophila)1, 5 88.01(n)1
    92.23(a)1    		   11 (42.37 cM)5
    186261  NM_001159367.11  NP_001152839.11 
     690952175 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia PER16
    		 Uncharacterized protein
    		 56(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 GL343400.1(436411-458624)
    African clawed frog
    (Xenopus laevis)    		 Amphibia per1-A2 period homolog 1 77.59(n)    AY340103.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii per1b1 period homolog 1b (Drosophila) 58.55(n)
    56.42(a)    		   406204  NM_212439.2  NP_997604.2 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)    		 Insecta per6
    		 period
    		 14(a)
    		 1 → many
    		 X(2579613-2586813)
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)    		 Secernentea lin-426
    		 Protein LIN-42, isoform b
    		 19(a)
    		 1 → many
    		 II(1233950-1244035)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PER1 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for PER1 (if available)

    Paralogs
    for PER1 gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for PER1 gene
    PER32  PER22  
    2 SIMAP similar genes for PER1 using alignment to 12 protein entries:     PER1_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    PER2    PER3

    PER1 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    Genomic Variants
    for PER1 gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, 4UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/637 SNPs in PER1 are shown (see all 637)    About this table     
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 17 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    VAR_0360404
    		A colorectal cancer sample4--see VAR_0360402 S L mis40--------
    VAR_0360384
    		A breast cancer sample4--see VAR_0360382 E Q mis40--------
    VAR_0360394
    		A breast cancer sample4--see VAR_0360392 N S mis40--------
    rs1136937361,2
    		C--8043332(+) GAACCC/TGGGAG 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs1173433761,2
    		--8043382(+) CAGCTG/AGGTGA 1 -- ds50011Minor allele frequency- A:0.01NA 120
    rs1491204081,2
    		--8043388(+) GGTGAC/TAGAGC 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs1133686021,2
    		C--8043393(+) CAGAGC/TGAAAT 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs1478360371,2
    		--8043445(+) CCCTCG/TAATAC 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs1826016281,2
    		--8043463(+) CACCAC/TGGAGT 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs1413236521,2
    		C--8043491(+) CCTTGA/GCCACC 1 -- ds50010--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for PER1 (8043788 - 8059824 bp)

    Structural Variations
         Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) 10 variations for PER1:    About this table     
    Variant IDTypeSubtypePubMed ID
    esv2715610CNV Deletion23290073
    nsv1964CNV Insertion18451855
    nsv516242CNV Loss19592680
    nsv907658CNV Loss21882294
    nsv518983CNV Loss19592680
    nsv457661CNV Loss19166990
    nsv907657CNV Loss21882294
    nsv527475CNV Loss19592680
    nsv833353CNV Loss17160897
    nsv833352CNV Loss17160897


    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): PER1
    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    SeqTarget long-range PCR primers for resequencing PER1
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for PER1

    Disorders / Diseases
    for PER1 gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Conferences by KenesGroup, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    		 OMIM gene information: 602260    OMIM disorders: --

    20/37 diseases for PER1 (see all 37):    About MalaCards
    advanced sleep phase syndrome    delayed sleep phase syndrome    sleep disorder    bipolar i disorder
    autistic disorder    cocaine dependence    schizoaffective disorder    gastroenteritis
    attention deficit hyperactivity disorder    mood disorder    autism spectrum disorder    brain disease
    bipolar disorder    gingivitis    endometrial carcinoma    acute myeloid leukemia
    dementia    chronic lymphocytic leukemia    cervical cancer    parkinson's disease


    PER1 for disorders           About GeneDecksing


    Congresses - knowledge worth sharing:  
    Alzheimer's & Parkinson's Diseases Congress (ADPD) 18 - 22 March 2015

    4 Novoseek inferred disease relationships for PER1 gene    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    shock 27.6 1 14715703 (1)
    cancer 17.4 18 16678109 (3), 19926612 (3), 19916834 (3), 17660446 (2) (see all 8)
    endometrial cancer 8.7 1 15809976 (1)
    tumors 0 38 19926612 (4), 19916834 (4), 17971899 (3), 17699798 (3) (see all 11)

    Genetic Association Database (GAD): PER1
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: PER1 (18 documents)

    Export disorders for PER1 gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for PER1 gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for PER1 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 188):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with PER1)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Rigui, a putative mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila period gene. (PubMed id 9323128)1, 2, 3 Sun Z.S.... Lee C.C. (1997)
    2. SCFbeta-TRCP controls clock-dependent transcription via casein kinase 1-dependent degradation of the mammalian period-1 (Per1) protein. (PubMed id 15917222)1, 2, 9 Shirogane T....Harper J.W. (2005)
    3. A silent polymorphism in the PER1 gene associates with extreme diurnal preference in humans. (PubMed id 17051316)1, 4, 9 Carpen J.D....Archer S.N. (2006)
    4. Association of Per1 and Npas2 with autistic disorder: support for the clock genes/social timing hypothesis. (PubMed id 17264841)1, 4, 9 Nicholas B....Wimpory D.C. (2007)
    5. Human clock, PER1 and PER2 polymorphisms: lack of association with cocaine dependence susceptibility and cocaine-induced paranoia. (PubMed id 17106427)1, 4, 9 Malison R.T....Gelernter J. (2006)
    6. Phosphorylation of clock protein PER1 regulates its circadian degradation in normal human fibroblasts. (PubMed id 14750904)1, 2, 9 Miyazaki K.... Ishida N. (2004)
    7. Differential association of circadian genes with mood disorders: CRY1 and NPAS2 are associated with unipolar major depression and CL OCK and VIP with bipolar disorder. (PubMed id 20072116)1, 4, 9 Soria V....Urretavizcaya M. (2010)
    8. Testing the circadian gene hypothesis in prostate can cer: a population-based case-control study. (PubMed id 19934327)1, 4, 9 Zhu Y....Stanford J.L. (2009)
    9. Suggestive evidence for association of the circadian genes PERIOD3 and ARNTL with bipolar disorder. (PubMed id 16528748)1, 4, 9 Nievergelt C.M....Kelsoe J.R. (2006)
    10. Circadian oscillation of a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila period gene. (PubMed id 9333243)1, 2, 9 Tei H....Sakaki Y. (1997)

    External Searches for PER1 gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing PER1 gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 5187 HGNC: 8845 AceView: PER1 Ensembl:ENSG00000179094 euGenes: HUgn5187
    ECgene: PER1 Kegg: 5187 H-InvDB: PER1

    Other Databases showing PER1 gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    HUGE: KIAA0482

    Specialized Databases showing PER1 gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for PER1 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for PER1 Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

    Intellectual Property
    for PER1 gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for PER1 gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving PER1

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



    Products
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    Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Animal models from inGenious Targeting Laboratory, genOway)
    About This Section

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