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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

PCDH19 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 51
GCID: GC0XM099546

protocadherin 19

(Previous names: epilepsy, female restricted, with mental retardation (Juberg-Hellman...)
(Previous symbol: EFMR)
 Explore 11 diseases affiliated with
PCDH19 via our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for PCDH19
    

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Protocadherin 191 2
EFMR1 2 5
EIEE91 2 5
KIAA13131 3 5
Epilepsy, Female Restricted, With Mental Retardation (Juberg-Hellman Syndrome)1
Protocadherin-191

External Ids:    HGNC: 142701   Entrez Gene: 575262   Ensembl: ENSG000001651947   OMIM: 3004605   UniProtKB: Q8TAB33   

Export aliases for PCDH19 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC0XM094828 GC0XM096507 GC0XM097582 GC0XM098318 GC0XM099352 GC0XM099433 GC0XM089347


(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for PCDH19:
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the delta-2 protocadherin subclass of the cadherin superfamily. The
encoded protein is thought to be a calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein that is primarily expressed in the brain.
Defects in this gene are a cause of epilepsy female-restricted with mental retardation (EFMR). Three transcript
variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.(provided by RefSeq, May 2010)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PCD19_HUMAN, Q8TAB3
Function: Potential calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein




(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000023.10  NC_018934.1  NT_011651.17  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the PCDH19 gene promoter:
         E2F-4   E2F-3a   E2F-5   CUTL1   E2F-2   AREB6   IRF-2   E2F   E2F-1   HFH-1   
         Other transcription factors

Browse SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for PCDH19

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat PCDH19


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: Xq22.1   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  Xq22.1   HGNC cytogenetic band: Xq22.1

PCDH19 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
PCDH19 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome X         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC0XM099546:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
99,546,642 bp from pter      End:
99,665,271 bp from pter
Size:
118,630 bases      Orientation:
minus strand

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PCD19_HUMAN, Q8TAB3 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Protocadherin-19 precursor  
Size: 1148 amino acids; 126253 Da
Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein (By similarity)
Developmental stage: Expressed in developing cortical plate, amygdala and subcortical regions and in the ganglionic
eminence
Sequence caution: Sequence=CAH18133.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended;
Sequence=CAI41393.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended; Sequence=CAI41394.1;
Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended;
Secondary accessions: B0LDS4 Q5JTG1 Q5JTG2 Q68DT7 Q9P2N3
Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms:  Q8TAB3-1   Q8TAB3-2   (Gene prediction based on EST data. No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for PCDH19: NX_Q8TAB3

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q8TAB3

  • PCDH19 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins (3 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_001098713.1  NP_001171809.1  NP_065817.2  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000400327   ENSP00000362125   ENSP00000255531  

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    Uscn Proteins for PCDH19

    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005886plasma membrane IEA--
    GO:0016021integral to membrane IEA--


    PCDH19 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    PCDH19 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    4 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR015919 Cadherin-like
     IPR013164 Cadherin_N
     IPR020894 Cadherin_CS
     IPR002126 Cadherin

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q8TAB3

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q8TAB3

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB002126 Cadherin

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PCD19_HUMAN, Q8TAB3
    Similarity: Contains 6 cadherin domains


    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PCD19_HUMAN, Q8TAB3
    Function: Potential calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein

    miRNA
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    hsa-miR-149 hsa-miR-376a* hsa-miR-200b hsa-miR-877 hsa-miR-130a* hsa-miR-23c hsa-miR-587 hsa-let-7e
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    Gene Ontology (GO): 1 molecular function term (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005509calcium ion binding IEA--


    PCDH19 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section



    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for PCDH19

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 1 interactants - click image to see more details)

    1 Interacting protein for PCDH19 (ENSP000002555314) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    HDAC1ENSP000003626494STRING: ENSP00000362649
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 1 biological process term (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0007156homophilic cell adhesion IEA--


    PCDH19 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section
    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for PCDH19

    1 HMDB Compound for PCDH19    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    CalciumCa (see all 2)7440-70-2--
    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about PCDH19 / PCD19 

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
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    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section

    REFSEQ mRNAs for PCDH19 gene (3 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_001105243.1  NM_001184880.1  NM_020766.2  

    Unigene Cluster for PCDH19:

    Protocadherin 19
    Hs.4993  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_001184880
    4 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000420881 ENST00000373034(uc010nmz.3 uc004efw.4 uc004efx.4)
    ENST00000255531 ENST00000464981

    miRNA
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    8/141 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PCDH19 (see all 141):
    hsa-miR-149 hsa-miR-376a* hsa-miR-200b hsa-miR-877 hsa-miR-130a* hsa-miR-23c hsa-miR-587 hsa-let-7e
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AB037734.1 AK055951.1 AK096591.1 BC136628.1 CR749278.1 EF676096.1 

    4 DOTS entries:

    DT.215766  DT.100744009  DT.438579  DT.92061909 

    24/71 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 71):

    AI284856 Z42799 F11599 AK096591 CB155219 AB037734 F09255 Z38942 
    AA708629 AA099384 BM677895 AA447068 F05543 BM725474 AA443681 AI350748 
    AI537878 AK055951 BM975868 Z38565 AW167870 BF036780 Z45594 AA621252 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure


    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    PCDH19 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: AGTCAAATTG

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)

    About this image

    PCDH19 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    3 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells 
    Tissue Anatomical Compartment CellCategory (developmental path)
    EyeInner Nuclear LayerGABAergic Amacrine CellsAmacrine, Retina
    EyeInner Nuclear LayernGnG Amacrine CellsAmacrine, Retina
    PlacentaChorioallantoic PlacentaExtraembryonic AngioblastsEndothelium
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 2 LifeMap Cells 
    NameCategory
    PureStem™ progenitor RASMO12 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)
    Posterior foregut-like cells (A scalable, suspensi...)

    See PCDH19 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for PCDH19

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.4993

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PCD19_HUMAN, Q8TAB3
    Tissue specificity: Moderately expressed in all regions of the brain examined, with lowest levels found in the
    cerebellum. Moderate expression is also found in ovary, and low expression in all other tissues tested. Also detected
    in primary skin fibroblast

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    In Situ
    Assay Products:
     

     
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    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section

    This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

    Orthologs for PCDH19 gene from 4/14 species (see all 14)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification
    Gene Description Human
    Similarity
    Orthology
    Type
    Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)
    Aves PCDH191 protocadherin 19 78.43(n)
    84.84(a)
      422263  NM_001098607.1  NP_001092077.1 
    tropical clawed frog
    (Xenopus tropicalis)
    Amphibia Str.163942 Transcribed sequence with weak similarity to protein more 74.97(n)    137732739 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)
    Actinopterygii pcdh191 protocadherin 19 68.32(n)
    72.18(a)
      555688  NM_001127519.2  NP_001120991.2 
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)
    Secernentea cdh-106
    CaDHerin family member (cdh-10)
    6(a)
    1 → many
    IV(2436514-2463368)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PCDH19 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for PCDH19 (if available) 

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for PCDH19 gene
    PCDH172  PCDH72  PCDH11X2  PCDH202  PCDH12  PCDH102  PCDH11Y2  PCDH122  
    PCDH182  PCDH92  PCDH82  
    18/69 SIMAP similar genes for PCDH19 using alignment to 3 protein entries:     PCD19_HUMAN (see all proteins) (see all similar genes):
    PCDH17    PCDHGA3    PCDHAC2    PCDHGA11    PCDHGA12    PCDHGA6
    PCDHGB2    PCDHGB6    PCDHGB7    DKFZp586I1919    ME6    PCDHB3
    PCDHGA1    PCDHGA10    PCDHGA4    PCDHGA7    PCDHB13    ME1

    PCDH19 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing


    1 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogene for PCDH19
    PGOHUM00000235236


    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/1287 NCBI SNPs in PCDH19 are shown (see all 1287    About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance
    Chr X posSequence#AA
    Chg
    TypeMore#Allele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ----------
    rs1898534431,2
    --99546263(+) TTTTTA/TAAATT 3 -- ds50010--------
    rs1922994931,2
    --99546334(+) TTTAGC/TGCTCT 3 -- ds50010--------
    rs1846451981,2
    --99546396(+) CTTCCA/TCCTCA 3 -- ds50010--------
    rs1479601011,2
    --99546398(+) TCCTCC/TTCAGG 3 -- ds50010--------
    rs1903120601,2
    --99546739(+) TAAAAA/GGAAAC 3 -- ut310--------
    rs128384551,2
    C,H--99546743(+) AGGAAA/CCAATG 3 -- ut31 ese34Minor allele frequency- C:0.00NS EA 418
    rs1819599461,2
    --99546872(+) CACTGC/TGAAAA 3 -- ut310--------
    rs1863493491,2
    --99546959(+) ATACTA/GTACTT 3 -- ut310--------
    rs1887967461,2
    --99547000(+) CAGGTA/GAACAG 3 -- ut310--------
    rs1815801931,2
    --99547050(+) GAAGGC/TGTAAG 3 -- ut310--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for PCDH19 (99546642 - 99665271 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 3 variations for PCDH19
         3 CNVs: 96845 8309 83648
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): PCDH19

    Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB): PCDH19

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    1 SABiosciences qBiomarker Copy Number PCR Array containing PCDH19:
    Intellectual Disability
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing PCDH19
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for PCDH19

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    PCDH19 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 300460   
    OMIM disorders: 300088  
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PCD19_HUMAN, Q8TAB3
  • Defects in PCDH19 are the cause of epileptic encephalopathy early infantile type 9 (EIEE9) [MIM:300088]; also
  • known as epilepsy female-restricted with mental retardation. A condition characterized by seizure with onset in
    infancy or early childhood, cognitive impairment, and delayed development of variable severity in some patients.
    Additional features include autistic signs and psychosis. The disorder is sex-limited, with the phenotype being
    restricted to females

    11 diseases for PCDH19:    About MalaCards
    epilepsy, female restricted, with mental retardation    infantile epileptic encephalopathy    focal dermal hypoplasia    autism spectrum disorder
    dravet syndrome    mental retardation syndrome    generalized epilepsy    aicardi syndrome
    intellectual disability    convulsions    epilepsy syndrome

    4 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for PCDH19:
    Dravet Syndrome     Intellectual disability     Aicardi syndrome     Ohtahara syndrome
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: PCDH19 (5 documents)

    Export disorders for PCDH19 gene to outside databases

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for PCDH19 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 28):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with PCDH19)
        Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
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    1. X-linked protocadherin 19 mutations cause female-limited epilepsy and cognitive impairment. (PubMed id 18469813)1, 2, 3, 9 Dibbens L.M....Gecz J. (2008)
    2. Epilepsy and mental retardation limited to females wi th PCDH19 mutations can present de novo or in single generation families. (PubMed id 19752159)1, 2, 3, 9 Hynes K....Scheffer I.E. (2010)
    3. Identification and characterization of three members of a novel subclass of protocadherins. (PubMed id 11549318)1, 2, 3 Wolverton T. and Lalande M. (2001)
    4. PCDH19 mutation in Japanese females with epilepsy. (PubMed id 22050978)1, 2 Higurashi N.... Hirose S. (2012)
    5. Spectrum of phenotypes in female patients with epilep sy due to protocadherin 19 mutations. (PubMed id 21480887)1, 2 Specchio N....Vigevano F. (2011)
    6. Mutations and deletions in PCDH19 account for various familial or isolated epilepsies in females. (PubMed id 21053371)1, 2 Depienne C....Leguern E. (2011)
    7. Recurrence risk of epilepsy and mental retardation in females due to parental mosaicism of PCDH19 mutations. (PubMed id 21519002)1, 2 Dibbens L.M....Scheffer I.E. (2011)
    8. Novel de novo PCDH19 mutations in three unrelated fem ales with epilepsy female restricted mental retardation syndrome. (PubMed id 20830798)1, 2 Jamal S.M....Milunsky J.M. (2010)
    9. Protocadherin 19 mutations in girls with infantile-on set epilepsy. (PubMed id 20713952)1, 2 Marini C....Guerrini R. (2010)
    10. Sporadic infantile epileptic encephalopathy caused by mutations in PCDH19 resembles Dravet syndrome but mainly affects females. (PubMed id 19214208)1, 2 Depienne C....Leguern E. (2009)

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    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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    Entrez Gene: 57526 HGNC: 14270 AceView: PCDH19 Ensembl:ENSG00000165194 euGenes: HUgn57526
    ECgene: PCDH19 H-InvDB: PCDH19

    (According to HUGE)
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    HUGE: KIAA1313

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
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    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for PCDH19 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
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