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PARP1 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 71

GC01M224615

poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1
(Previous names: ADP-ribosyltransferase (NAD+; poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1 )
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database
(Previous symbols: PPOL, ADPRT)

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc , and/or ⁷Ensembl, ⁸miRBase)
About This Section

Aliases
ADPRT ^², ³, ⁵
ADPRT1 ^²
EC 2.4.2.30 ^³
OTTHUMP00000035663 ^²
PARP ^¹, ², ⁵
PARP-1 ^², ³
PPOL ^², ³, ⁵
pADPRT-1 ^²
poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase ^²

Descriptions
ADP-ribosyltransferase (NAD+; poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase) ^¹, ²
ADP-ribosyltransferase NAD(+) ^²
NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 ^³
Poly[ADP-ribose] synthetase 1 ^³
poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 ^²
poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1 ^¹, ²
poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase ^²
poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase ^²

External Ids
HGNC: 270¹
Entrez Gene: 142²
UniProtKB: P09874³
Ensembl: ENSG00000143799⁷

Search outside databases for aliases for PARP1 gene

Previous GC identifer: GC01M222855

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

EntrezGene summary for PARP1:

This gene encodes a chromatin-associated enzyme, poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase, which modifies

various nuclear proteins by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. The modification is dependent on DNA and is

involved in the regulation of various important cellular processes such as differentiation,

proliferation, and tumor transformation and also in the regulation of the molecular events

involved in the recovery of cell from DNA damage. In addition, this enzyme may be the site of

mutation in Fanconi anemia, and may participate in the pathophysiology of type I diabetes.

[provided by RefSeq]

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PARP1_HUMAN, P09874

Function: Involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, by catalyzing the

poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of a limited number of acceptor proteins involved in chromatin architecture

and in DNA metabolism. This modification follows DNA damages and appears as an obligatory step in

a detection/signaling pathway leading to the reparation of DNA strand breaks

Gene Wiki entry for PARP1

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

Genomic View:

UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the PARP1 gene

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 1q41-q42 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 1q42.12 HGNC cytogenetic band: 1q41-q42

PARP1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 1 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC01M224615: (about GC identifiers)

Start:	224,615,015 bp from pter
End:	224,662,424 bp from pter
Size:	47,410 bases
Orientation:	minus strand

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000001.9 NT_004559.13

(According to ¹UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to ²Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PARP1_HUMAN, P09874 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1

Size: 1014 amino acids; 113084 Da

Subunit: Component of a base excision repair (BER) complex, containing at least XRCC1, PARP2, POLB

and LIG3. Homo- and heterodimer with PARP2. Interacts with PARP3, APTX and SRY. The SWAP complex

consists of NPM1, NCL, PARP1 and SWAP70. Interacts with TIAM2 and ZNF423 (By similarity)

Subcellular location: Nucleus

Miscellaneous: The ADP-D-ribosyl group of NAD(+) is transferred to an acceptor carboxyl group on a

histone or the enzyme itself, and further ADP-ribosyl groups are transferred to the 2'-position of

the terminal adenosine moiety, building up a polymer with an average chain length of 20-30 units

PDB structures from and Proteopedia :

1UK0 (3D)

1UK1 (3D)

1WOK (3D)

2COK (3D)

2CR9 (3D)

2CS2 (3D)

2DMJ (3D)

2JVN (3D)

2RCW (3D)

2RD6 (3D)

2RIQ (3D)

Secondary accessions: Q8IUZ9

Post-translational modifications:

Phosphorylated by PRKDC. Phosphorylated upon DNA damage, probably by ATM or ATR¹

Poly-ADP-ribosylated by PARP2¹

View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite²

REFSEQ proteins: NP_001609.2

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000355759 ENSP00000355756 ENSP00000355757 ENSP00000355755

Human Recombinant Proteins

	Browse Drug Discovery Central at Invitrogen for human recombinant proteins
	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
	Sigma-Aldrich Proteins and CompoZr ZFN for PARP1
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Enzo Life Sciences proteins for PARP1
	Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (PARP, Cleaved PARP)
	Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (PARP1)

Browse Origene for full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells

4 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005622	intracellular	IEA	--
GO:0005634	nucleus	TAS	2513174
GO:0005635	nuclear envelope	IDA	9518481
GO:0005730	nucleolus	IDA	9518481 16107709

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Antibodies for PARP1:

	Invitrogen Antibodies for PARP1
	Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of PARP1
	Sigma-Aldrich Antibody Arrays and Antibodies for PARP1
	R&D Systems Antibodies for PARP1 (PARP)
	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for PARP1 (PARP)
	Antibodies from Abcam (PARP, Cleaved PARP), each with their Abpromise^SM
	Browse Abnova for Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies
	Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PARP1

Assays for PARP1:

	Invitrogen Assays for PARP1
	Millipore Kits and Assays for the Analysis of PARP1
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Sandwich ELISA Kits for PARP1 (PARP)
	Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P09874

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P09874

5 Blocks protein families:

IPB001357 BRCT domain

IPB001510 Zn-finger

IPB004102 Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase

IPB008893 WGR

IPB012982 PADR1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PARP1_HUMAN, P09874

Similarity: Contains 1 BRCT domain

Similarity: Contains 1 PARP alpha-helical domain

Similarity: Contains 1 PARP catalytic domain

Similarity: Contains 2 PARP-type zinc fingers

(According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (PARP1)
		Millipore RNAi Products for the Analysis of PARP1 Gene knock-down
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (PARP1)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_001618

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for PARP1

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for PARP1

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for PARP1

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Clones:		Browse Clone Ranger at Invitrogen for clones
		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore

OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_001618
Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_001618
untagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_001618

Primers:

Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers

OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_001618

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PARP1_HUMAN, P09874

Function: Involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, by catalyzing the

poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of a limited number of acceptor proteins involved in chromatin architecture

and in DNA metabolism. This modification follows DNA damages and appears as an obligatory step in

a detection/signaling pathway leading to the reparation of DNA strand breaks

Catalytic activity: NAD(+) + (ADP-D-ribosyl)(n)-acceptor = nicotinamide +

(ADP-D-ribosyl)(n+1)-acceptor

Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 2.4.2.30

12 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 6 alleles) (MGI details for Parp1):

cellular	embryogenesis	growth/size	hearing/vestibular/ear	homeostasis/metabolism
immune system	lethality-prenatal/perinatal	life span-post-weaning/aging	nervous system	no phenotypic analysis
reproductive system	skin/coat/nails

5/8 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view) (see all 8 ):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0003677	DNA binding	TAS	2513174
GO:0003950	NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity	IDA	16107709
GO:0008270	zinc ion binding	IEA	--
GO:0016757	transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups	IEA	--
GO:0042802	identical protein binding	IPI	14734561

About this table

(Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, and/or ³STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
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3 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathways for PARP1 (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity)

Role of Oct4 in Mammalian Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency
Apoptosis Signaling
RAR Activation

GeneDecks PARP1 for the pathways selected above

About GeneDecksing

Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for PARP1

5/137 Interacting proteins for PARP1 (P09874^{1, 2} ENSP00000355759³) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 137 )

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
APLF	Q8IW19², ENSP00000307004³	MINT-4790102 MINT-4790124 MINT-4790085 STRING (score=.716)
XRCC1	P18887², ENSP00000262887³	MINT-4790124 STRING (score=.998)
E2F1	Q01094¹, ENSP00000345571³	EBI-355676, EBI-448924 STRING (score=.977)
WRN	Q14191¹, ENSP00000298139³	EBI-355676, EBI-368417 STRING (score=.977)
XRCC5	P13010², ENSP00000329528³	MINT-4790124 STRING (score=.898)

About this table

4 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006281	DNA repair	TAS	10958667
GO:0006366	transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	TAS	10944198
GO:0006471	protein amino acid ADP-ribosylation	TAS	2513174
GO:0006974	response to DNA damage stimulus	IEA	--

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(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
About This Section

Enzo Life Sciences drugs & compounds for PARP1

Sigma-Aldrich Small Molecules for PARP1:

Inhibitor

Compounds for PARP1 available from Tocris Bioscience

Compound	Action	CAS number
DR 2313	Potent PARP inhibitor	[284028-90-6]
3-Aminobenzamide	PARP inhibitor	[3544-24-9]
4-HQN	PARP inhibitor	[491-36-1]
NU 1025	Potent PARP inhibitor	[90417-38-2]

About this table

10/34 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for PARP1 gene (see all 34 )

Compound	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
3-aminobenzamide	90.57	206	17444865 (2), 11996891 (2), 11313278 (2), 17217379 (2) (see all 99)
nad+	85.14	256	14769338 (5), 14594650 (4), 18239155 (4), 11353811 (3) (see all 99)
polyadenosine diphosphate ribose	82.74	28	18440520 (2), 12854754 (1), 14645003 (1), 15388586 (1) (see all 24)
nu1025	81.68	21	11139322 (5), 9823965 (2), 17127074 (2), 10914735 (2) (see all 11)
1,5-isoquinolinediol	79.92	18	9041562 (1), 15855340 (1), 15604259 (1), 17187679 (1) (see all 9)
6 (5h)-phenanthridinone	77.22	14	11062748 (2), 12519385 (1), 9453543 (1), 10746948 (1) (see all 9)
sp 600125	70.77	10	14724571 (1), 16151469 (1), 16923120 (1), 19248828 (1) (see all 7)
4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide	68.74	11	18695944 (1), 15729291 (1), 9972795 (1), 16546970 (1) (see all 6)
pd 128763	65.27	3	12855651 (1), 16505238 (1), 10668915 (1)
tt-24	64.00	6	12406551 (5)

About this table

(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (PARP1)
		Millipore RNAi Products for the Analysis of PARP1 Gene knock-down
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (PARP1)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_001618

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for PARP1

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for PARP1

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs:

NM_001618

REFSEQ mRNAs for PARP1 gene:

NM_001618.3

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays:

NM_001618

              OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_001618
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_001618
                                 untagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_001618

Additional cDNA sequence:

AF401218.1 AK125650.1 AK225654.1 AK303340.1 AK312339.1 BC008660.1 BC014206.2 BC018620.1

BC021045.1 BC037545.1 CR594695.1 CR604398.1 CR610406.1 J03473.1 M17081.1 M18112.1

M32721.1

24/30 DOTS entries (see all 30 ):

DT.100031860 DT.92459767 DT.95162798 DT.319999 DT.101966196 DT.100769656 DT.121396081 DT.100039042

DT.99930369 DT.95162803 DT.120774472 DT.121396123 DT.95257379 DT.87078950 DT.95162805 DT.95280602

DT.99946361 DT.100638345 DT.100708068 DT.100774247 DT.100807045 DT.100844538 DT.120769781 DT.121396064

24/742 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 742 ):

BM984251 BE891980 BI914005 BM459863 CR594695 CB216418 CA848335 BU687688

BU149272 BM310662 M17081 AI990630 CK822010 BQ778473 AA403112 CR610406

BU190913 BP340958 BU193893 BM842322 AA478488 BM458759 BQ946216 AV702200

highest scoring ESTs for PARP1:

J03473 AI590896 AL044357 AL532379 AU077246 AU100248 AW410415 AW503935 AW505209 BC008660

Unigene Cluster for PARP1:

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1

Hs.177766 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_001618

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/7 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PARP1 (see all 7 )

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	·	1c	^	2a	·	2b	^	3	^	4a	·	4b	^	5a	·	5b	^	6	^	7	^	8	^	9	^	10	^	11	^	12	^	13	^	14	^	15	^	16a	·	16b	^	17a	·	17b	^	18a	·	18b	^
SP1:									-		-																														-
SP2:																																																			-
SP3:
SP4:					-				-		-
SP5:									-

ExUns:	19a	·	19b	^	20a	·	20b	^	21a	·	21b	^	22	^	23	^	24a	·	24b
SP1:									-
SP2:	-								-
SP3:
SP4:
SP5:

About this scheme

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for PARP1

4 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations:

ENST00000366794 ENST00000366791 ENST00000366792 ENST00000366790

(Experimental results according to ¹GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to ²GeneAnnot , ³GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
About This Section

PARP1 expression in normal and diseased human tissues

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for PARP1

¹ / ² / ³

4 probe-sets matching PARP1 gene

Affymetrix probe-set	Array	# genes	Sensitivity	Specificity	Correlation	Length	Gb_Accession	Consensus	Uniqueness	Score	Rank
Affymetrix probe-set	Array	GeneAnnot data			GeneNote data		GeneTide data
41146_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	1	1.00	1.00	0.97	1.00	J03473	1.00	1.00	1.00	1
1287_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	1	1.00	1.00	0.97	1.00	J03473	1.00	1.00	1.00	1
208644_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	M32721	0.80	1.00	0.91	1
208644_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

About this table

Data from

(Publications) and GNF BioGPS
About these images
About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: GGAGCTCTTG

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.177766

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD and/or ⁵MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
About This Section

Orthologs for PARP1 gene from 5/16 species (see all 16 )

Organism	Gene	Locus	Description	Human Similarity	NCBI accessions
dog (Canis familiaris)	PARP1¹	--	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	88.41(n) 94.14(a)	490385 XM_858704.1 XP_863797.1
cow (Bos taurus)	PARP1¹	--	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	88.35(n) 90.42(a)	286764 NM_174751.2 NP_777176.1
rat (Rattus norvegicus)	Parp1¹	--	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	86.31(n) 91.91(a)	25591 NM_013063.2 NP_037195.1
mouse (Mus musculus)	Parp1^{1, 5}	1 (98.60 cM)⁵	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1^{1, 5}	86.71(n)¹ 92.6(a)¹	11545¹ NM_007415.2¹ NP_031441.2¹ AF126717⁵ AI893648⁵ (see all 21)
chicken (Gallus gallus)	PARP1¹	--	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1	75.17(n) 79.54(a)	396199 NM_205263.1 NP_990594.1

About this table Species with no ortholog for PARP1

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PARP1

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene
and ²Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to ³Pseudogene.org)
About This Section

Paralogs for PARP1 gene

PARP2² PARP3²

Pseudogenes

1 related pseudogene

(According to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

10/440 NCBI SNPs in PARP1 are shown (see all 440 )
(Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay) (see all 223)

AB	SNP ID	Valid	Chr 1 pos	Sequence	Recs	AA Chg	Type	More	Recs	Pop	Total sample	More
AB	Genomic Data				Transcription Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--			--
	rs8679^1,2	A,C,F,H,O	224615177(-)	`AGGAAT/CACTGA`	1	--	ut3¹ ese³		20	MN EU EA WA NS NA CSAM	2104
	rs1136410^1,2	A,C,F,H	224621925(-)	`CAAGGT/CGGAAA`	1	A/V	mis¹		29	NA EA NS MN CSAM EU WA	4192
--	rs2077197^1,2	A,C,F	224662662(-)	`GTTGGG/AGGTAA`	1	--	ng3¹		2	MN EA	356
	rs3219057^1,2	C,F,H	224639839(-)	`AGTGGG/ATAACC`	1	I/V	mis¹ ese³		10	NS MN CSAM EA EU WA	986
	rs3219062^1,2	C,F,H	224637371(-)	`CTCCTC/ATGCTT`	1	Y/S	mis¹ ese³		14	NS MN CSAM EA EU WA	1396
	rs907187^1,2	A,C,F	224662270(-)	`CTTTGG/CCGGCA`	1	--	ut5¹		3	MN EA	540
	rs3219149^1,2	C,F,H	224615040(-)	`TACTCG/TATTAA`	1	--	ut3¹ ese³		10	NS MN CSAM EA EU WA	978
--	rs7531668^1,2	A,C,F	224662642(-)	`TGAAAT/ACAAGT`	1	--	ng3¹ tfbs³		2	MN EA	356
	rs1341336^1,2	A,C,F	224663012(+)	`AGCGCG/AGGCCC`	1	--	ng3¹		2	MN EA	356
	rs3219145^1,2	C,F,H	224617452(-)	`CAGCAA/GGTTAC`	1	K/R	mis¹		14	NS EU EA WA MN CSAM	1422

About this table

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for PARP1 (up to first 250kb)

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

OMIM: 173870

10/93 Novoseek disease relationships for PARP1 gene (see all 93 )

Disease	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
leukemia	67.85	24	16323285 (3), 15142883 (2), 11807010 (2), 9013854 (1) (see all 19)
cancer	67.63	140	1837923 (3), 16391829 (3), 18221025 (3), 18644251 (3) (see all 89)
promyelocytic leukemia	61.79	6	15246875 (1), 2121532 (1), 15375593 (1), 11456129 (1) (see all 6)
necrosis	61.09	135	10373561 (4), 10868778 (3), 15982573 (3), 11907276 (3) (see all 95)
tumors	60.83	180	15142883 (4), 11935214 (3), 17413981 (3), 16084940 (3) (see all 99)
colon cancer	55.90	16	10100720 (4), 16809434 (2), 11494135 (1), 16157217 (1) (see all 8)
myeloid leukemia	52.17	4	19407318 (1), 15756438 (1), 12382020 (1), 17156654 (1)
breast cancer	51.67	58	16906222 (6), 17560163 (4), 16810332 (3), 17943227 (3) (see all 39)
diphtheria	49.38	14	8045910 (1), 7834123 (1), 7783638 (1), 10820215 (1) (see all 13)
prostate cancer	49.13	11	15252149 (1), 15868402 (1), 17295209 (1), 18377872 (1) (see all 11)

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Human Gene Mutation Database: PARP1
Genetic Association Database: PARP1
Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: PARP1 (44 documents)

(Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
About This Section

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Novoseek, ²HGNC, ³Entrez Gene, ⁴UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁵UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁶GAD, and/or ⁷PharmGKB)
About This Section

10/1726 PubMed articles for PARP1 gene (see all 1726 ):

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in the nervous system. (PubMed id 10964595)^{1, 2, 3} Ha H.C. and Snyder S.H. (2000)
Suppression of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity by DNA- dependent protein kinase in vitro. (PubMed id 10467406)^{1, 3, 4} Ariumi Y.... Noda M. (1999)
The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 interacts with Sry and modulates its biological functions. (PubMed id 16904257)^{3, 4} Li Y.... Lau Y.-F.C. (2006)
Genetic polymorphisms in XRCC1, APE1, ADPRT, XRCC2, and XRCC3 and risk of chronic benzene poisoning in a Chinese occupational population. (PubMed id 16284386)^{3, 6} Zhang Z....Xia Z. (2005)
Association study of detoxification genes in age related macular degeneration. (PubMed id 15774926)^{3, 6} Esfandiary H....Hughes A.E. (2005)
Polymorphisms in DNA base excision repair genes ADPRT and XRCC1 and risk of lung cancer. (PubMed id 15705867)^{3, 6} Zhang X....Lin D. (2005)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{3, 4} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Aprataxin, a novel protein that protects against genotoxic stress. (PubMed id 15044383)^{3, 4} Gueven N.... Lavin M.F. (2004)
The ADPRT V762A genetic variant contributes to prostate cancer susceptibility and deficient enzyme function. (PubMed id 15342424)^{3, 6} Lockett K.L....Hu J.J. (2004)
Identification of genetic variants in base excision repair pathway and their associations with risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (PubMed id 15205355)^{3, 6} Hao B....He F. (2004)

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Entrez Gene: 142	HGNC: 270	AceView: PARP1	Ensembl:ENSG00000143799	euGenes: HUgn142
ECgene: PARP1	H-InvDB: PARP1

(According to HUGE)
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(According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
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ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for PARP1	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
NIEHS-SNPs	http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/adprt/

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PARP1 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 71

Aliases &
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for PARP1

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for PARP1

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for PARP1

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for PARP1

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Pathways & Interactions
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Drugs & Compounds
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Transcripts
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Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

PARP1 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 71

Aliases & Descriptionsfor PARP1

Summariesfor PARP1

Genomic Locationfor PARP1

Proteinsfor PARP1

Protein Domains/Familiesfor PARP1

Gene Functionfor PARP1

Pathways & Interactionsfor PARP1

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Medical Newsfor PARP1

Publicationsfor PARP1

Search for PARP1

Genome Databases showing PARP1

Other Databases showing PARP1

Specialized Databases showing PARP1

Licensable Technologiesfor PARP1

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Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Aliases &
Descriptions
for PARP1

Summaries
for PARP1

Genomic Location
for PARP1

Proteins
for PARP1

Protein Domains/
Families
for PARP1

Gene Function
for PARP1

Pathways & Interactions
for PARP1

Drugs & Compounds
for PARP1

Transcripts
for PARP1

Expression
for PARP1

Orthologs
for PARP1

Paralogs
for PARP1

SNPs/Variants
for PARP1

Disorders & Mutations
for PARP1

Medical News
for PARP1

Publications
for PARP1

Licensable Technologies
for PARP1

Services
for PARP1