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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

PALM Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 53
GCID: GC19P000708

paralemmin

 Explore 3 diseases affiliated with
PALM via our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for PALM
    

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Paralemmin3
Paralemmin3
KIAA02701 3
Paralemmin-11

External Ids:    HGNC: 85941   Entrez Gene: 50642   Ensembl: ENSG000000998647   OMIM: 6081345   UniProtKB: O757813   

Export aliases for PALM gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC19P000760 GC19P000648 GC19P000660 GC19P000659 GC19P000489


(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for PALM:
This gene encodes a member of the paralemmin protein family. The product of this gene is a prenylated and palmitoylated
phosphoprotein that associates with the cytoplasmic face of plasma membranes and is implicated in plasma membrane
dynamics in neurons and other cell types. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified, but
the full-length nature of only two transcript variants has been determined. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PALM_HUMAN, O75781
Function: Involved in plasma membrane dynamics and cell process formation. Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are necessary for
axonal and dendritic filopodia induction, for dendritic spine maturation and synapse formation in a
palmitoylation-dependent manner

Gene Wiki entry for PALM


(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000019.9  NC_018930.1  NT_011255.14  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the PALM gene promoter:
         HEN1   USF1   MAZR   USF-1   USF2   Lmo2   STAT3   USF-1:USF-2   ATF   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmidPALM promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for PALM

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat PALM


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 19p13.3   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  19p13.3   HGNC cytogenetic band: 19p13.3

PALM Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
PALM gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 19         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC19P000708:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
708,953 bp from pter      End:
748,330 bp from pter
Size:
39,378 bases      Orientation:
plus strand

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PALM_HUMAN, O75781 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Paralemmin-1 precursor  
Size: 387 amino acids; 42076 Da
Subunit: Interacts with dopamine receptor DRD3
Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side. Cell projection, filopodium membrane;
Lipid-anchor. Cell projection, axon (By similarity). Cell projection, dendrite (By similarity). Cell projection,
dendritic spine (By similarity). Basolateral cell membrane; Lipid-anchor (By similarity). Apicolateral cell membrane;
Lipid-anchor (By similarity). Note=Translocation to the plasma membrane is enhanced upon stimulation of neuronal
activity
Secondary accessions: O43359 O95673 Q92559 Q9UPJ4 Q9UQS2 Q9UQS3
Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms:  O75781-1   O75781-2   

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for PALM: NX_O75781

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_O75781

  • PALM Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_001035224.1  NP_002570.2  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000264560   ENSP00000341911  

    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
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    Uscn Proteins for PALM

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/13 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 13):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005737cytoplasm ----
    GO:0005886plasma membrane IDA16386234
    GO:0005887integral to plasma membrane TAS9813098
    GO:0016023cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle TAS9813098
    GO:0016323basolateral plasma membrane IEA--


    PALM for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    PALM for domains           About GeneDecksing

    1 InterPro domain/family:
     IPR004965 Paralemmin

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry O75781

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: O75781

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB004965 Paralemmin

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PALM_HUMAN, O75781
    Similarity: Belongs to the paralemmin family


    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PALM_HUMAN, O75781
    Function: Involved in plasma membrane dynamics and cell process formation. Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are necessary for
    axonal and dendritic filopodia induction, for dendritic spine maturation and synapse formation in a
    palmitoylation-dependent manner

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for PALM:
    paralemmin,constituent of brain synaptic plasma membranes,also expressed in the kidney,adrenal medulla and at low level
    in many tissues

    miRNA
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    hsa-miR-194* hsa-miR-642a hsa-miR-330-5p hsa-miR-29a hsa-miR-29c hsa-miR-3155 hsa-miR-484 hsa-miR-504
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmidPALM 3' UTR sequence
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    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005515protein binding IPI16386234
    GO:0031750D3 dopamine receptor binding IEA--


    PALM for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section



    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for PALM

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 2 interactants - click image to see more details)

    3 Interacting proteins for PALM (O757813 ENSP000003419114) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    YWHABP319463I2D: score=1 
    POT1ENSP000003502494STRING: ENSP00000350249
    UBCENSP000003448184STRING: ENSP00000344818
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/12 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 12):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006928cellular component movement TAS9813098
    GO:0007010cytoskeleton organization IEA--
    GO:0007194negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity IDA16386234
    GO:0008104protein localization ----
    GO:0008360regulation of cell shape IEA--


    PALM for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section
    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for PALM
    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about PALM 

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
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    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section

    REFSEQ mRNAs for PALM gene (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_001040134.1  NM_002579.2  

    Unigene Cluster for PALM:

    Paralemmin
    Hs.631841  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_002579
    11 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000264560(uc010xft.2 uc002lpn.1) ENST00000587219 ENST00000592870
    ENST00000338448(uc002lpm.1 uc010xfu.1) ENST00000586055 ENST00000586776
    ENST00000589012 ENST00000593172 ENST00000592155 ENST00000590161 ENST00000587513


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    8/16 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PALM (see all 16):
    hsa-miR-194* hsa-miR-642a hsa-miR-330-5p hsa-miR-29a hsa-miR-29c hsa-miR-3155 hsa-miR-484 hsa-miR-504
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    Inhib. RNA
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AK022919.1 AK299809.1 AK301181.1 AK315168.1 BC032449.1 D87460.1 Y14770.1 Y16278.1 

    11 DOTS entries:

    DT.444400  DT.91751780  DT.100686585  DT.100780233  DT.100780238  DT.121439881  DT.121439901  DT.121439894 
    DT.121439997  DT.100027760  DT.121439999 

    24/180 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 180):

    BI836158 BQ888302 BG059831 AL541731 BC032449 CB140900 BQ668377 BM549577 
    BQ437899 Z40777 CR604455 BG222528 D87460 BI764723 AI572417 BX281202 
    BU186065 AW118542 BM712053 BQ420997 AI955574 AW297767 BQ722530 BQ674889 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5/7 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PALM (see all 7)    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5 ^ 6 ^ 7 ^ 8 ^ 9a · 9b · 9c ^ 10 ^ 11 ^ 12a · 12b · 12c · 12d
    SP1:        -     -                                   -     -     -                                       
    SP2:                                                  -     -     -           -                           
    SP3:              -                                                                                       
    SP4:                                                              -                                       
    SP5:                                                                                                      


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for PALM

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    PALM expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: CCCCCACCCG

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)

    About this image

    PALM expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    3 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells 
    Tissue Anatomical Compartment CellCategory (developmental path)
    HeartEndocardiumEndocardial Tube CellsEndocardium
    Skeletal MuscleHyoid Arch MusclesMononuclear MyocytesSkeletal Muscle
    Skeletal MuscleMandibular Arch MusclesMononuclear MyocytesSkeletal Muscle
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization

    See PALM Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for PALM

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.631841

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PALM_HUMAN, O75781
    Tissue specificity: Widely expressed with highest expression in brain and testis and intermediate expression in heart
    and adrenal gland

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    In Situ
    Assay Products:
     

     
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    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section

    This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

    Orthologs for PALM gene from 3/10 species (see all 10)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification
    Gene Description Human
    Similarity
    Orthology
    Type
    Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)
    Aves PALM1 paralemmin 70.89(n)
    66.94(a)
      395709  NM_204892.1  NP_990223.1 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)
    Reptilia PALM6
    --
    58(a)
    1 ↔ 1
    AAWZ02040696(520-5142)
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)
    Actinopterygii zgc635232 hypothetical protein MGC63523 75.34(n)   393573  BC056777.1 


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PALM (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for PALM (if available) 

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for PALM gene
    PALMD2  AKAP22  PALM22  PALM2-AKAP22  
    2 SIMAP similar genes for PALM using alignment to 1 protein entry:     PALM_HUMAN:
    PALM2-AKAP2    PALM2

    PALM for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/879 NCBI SNPs in PALM are shown (see all 879    About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance
    Chr 19 posSequence#AA
    Chg
    TypeMore#Allele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ----------
    rs285101671,2
    --706997(+) CCTGGA/GCAACA 2 -- us2k10--------
    rs1144197371,2
    F,--707016(+) ACTCCG/ATCCAC 2 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- A:0.07WA 118
    rs1431005111,2
    --707128(+) CAGGCA/GTGAGC 2 -- us2k10--------
    rs1482192671,2
    --707138(+) CCACCA/GCGCCC 2 -- us2k10--------
    rs1112493571,2
    --707143(+) GCGCCG/CGGCCT 2 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- C:0.50CSA 2
    rs286417121,2
    C,F,--707144(+) CGCCCG/AGCCTG 2 -- us2k15Minor allele frequency- A:0.12NA CSA WA 244
    rs1835240601,2
    --707188(+) TCAGCC/TTCCCA 2 -- us2k10--------
    rs1393632681,2
    --707221(+) AGCCAC/TGGCGC 2 -- us2k10--------
    rs1872052561,2
    --707225(+) ACGGCA/GCCTGG 2 -- us2k10--------
    rs1433460701,2
    --707396(+) CACTAC/TGGCCC 2 -- us2k10--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for PALM (708953 - 748330 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 3 variations for PALM
         3 CNVs: 30052 30049 30050

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing PALM
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for PALM

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    PALM for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 608134    OMIM disorders: --

    3 diseases for PALM:    About MalaCards
    vesicoureteral reflux    toxocariasis    neuronitis

    1 disease from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for PALM:
    Toxocariasis

    Export disorders for PALM gene to outside databases

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for PALM gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 22):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with PALM)
        Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Paralemmin, a prenyl-palmitoyl-anchored phosphoprotein abundant in neurons and implicated in plasma membrane dynamics and cell process formation. (PubMed id 9813098)1, 2, 3, 9 Kutzleb C....Kilimann M.W. (1998)
    2. Structure of the human paralemmin gene (PALM), mapping to human chromosome 19p13.3 and mouse chromosome 10, and exclusion of coding mutations in grizzled, mocha, jittery, and hesitant mice. (PubMed id 9615234)1, 2, 3, 9 Burwinkel B.... Kilimann M.W. (1998)
    3. Paralemmin interacts with D3 dopamine receptors: implications for membrane localization and cAMP signaling. (PubMed id 16386234)1, 2, 9 Basile M....Kester M. (2006)
    4. Regulation of dendritic branching and filopodia formation in hippocampal neurons by specific acylated protein motifs. (PubMed id 14978216)1, 2, 9 Gauthier-Campbell C....El-Husseini A.e.l.-.D. (2004)
    5. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    6. The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19. (PubMed id 15057824)1, 2 Grimwood J.... Lucas S.M. (2004)
    7. Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. VI. The coding sequences of 80 new genes (KIAA0201-KIAA0280) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from cell line KG-1 and brain. (PubMed id 9039502)1, 2 Nagase T....Nomura N. (1996)
    8. Systematic and quantitative assessment of the ubiquiti n-modified proteome. (PubMed id 21906983)1 Kim W....Gygi S.P. (2011)
    9. Genome-wide YFP fluorescence complementation screen id entifies new regulators for telomere signaling in human cells. (PubMed id 21044950)1 Lee O.H....Songyang Z. (2011)
    10. Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis. (PubMed id 20068231)2 Olsen J.V....Mann M. (2010)

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    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 5064 HGNC: 8594 AceView: PALM Ensembl:ENSG00000099864 euGenes: HUgn5064
    ECgene: PALM H-InvDB: PALM

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    HUGE: KIAA0270

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for PALM Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    Patent Information for PALM gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving PALM

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



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