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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

PAK1 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 71
GCID: GC11M077033

p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 1

(Previous names: p21/Cdc42/Rac1-activated kinase 1 (yeast Ste20-related),...)

Explore 41 diseases affiliated with
PAK1 via

MalaCards

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Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
P21 Protein (Cdc42/Rac)-Activated Kinase 1¹ ²		Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase PAK 1²
P21/Cdc42/Rac1-Activated Kinase 1 (STE20 Homolog, Yeast)¹ ²		STE20 Homolog, Yeast²
P21/Cdc42/Rac1-Activated Kinase 1 (Yeast Ste20-Related)¹ ²		Alpha-PAK³
P65-PAK¹		PAK-1³
EC 2.7.11.1³ ⁸		P21-Activated Kinase 1³
PAKalpha²		EC 2.7.11⁸
Alpha-PAK³

External Ids:	HGNC: 8590¹	Entrez Gene: 5058²	Ensembl: ENSG00000149269⁷	OMIM: 602590⁵	UniProtKB: Q13153³

Export aliases for PAK1 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC11M079360 GC11M078573 GC11M077255 GC11M076760 GC11M076710 GC11M073331

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for PAK1:

This gene encodes a family member of serine/threonine p21-activating kinases, known as PAK proteins. These proteins are

critical effectors that link RhoGTPases to cytoskeleton reorganization and nuclear signaling, and they serve as

targets for the small GTP binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac. This specific family member regulates cell motility and

morphology. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

(provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PAK1_HUMAN, Q13153

Function: Protein kinase involved in intracellular signaling pathways downstream of integrins and receptor-type kinases

that plays an important role in cytoskeleton dynamics, in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, mitosis,

and in vesicle-mediated transport processes. Can directly phosphorylate BAD and protects cells against apoptosis.

Activated by interaction with CDC42 and RAC1. Functions as GTPase effector that links the Rho-related GTPases CDC42

and RAC1 to the JNK MAP kinase pathway. Phosphorylates and activates MAP2K1, and thereby mediates activation of

downstream MAP kinases. Involved in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, actin stress fibers and of focal

adhesion complexes. Phosphorylates the tubulin chaperone TBCB and thereby plays a role in the regulation of

microtubule biogenesis and organization of the tubulin cytoskeleton. Plays a role in the regulation of insulin

secretion in response to elevated glucose levels. Part of a ternary complex that contains PAK1, DVL1 and MUSK that is

important for MUSK-dependent regulation of AChR clustering during the formation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ).

Activity is inhibited in cells undergoing apoptosis, potentially due to binding of CDC2L1 and CDC2L2. Phosphorylates

MYL9/MLC2. Phosphorylates RAF1 at 'Ser-338' and 'Ser-339' resulting in: activation of RAF1, stimulation of RAF1

translocation to mitochondria, phosphorylation of BAD by RAF1, and RAF1 binding to BCL2. Phosphorylates SNAI1 at

'Ser-246' promoting its transcriptional repressor activity by increasing its accumulation in the nucleus

Gene Wiki entry for PAK1

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000011.9 NC_018922.1 NT_167190.1

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the PAK1 gene promoter:
C/EBPbeta p53 Pax-2a Egr-4 S8 POU2F1 POU2F1a Chx10 FOXO1a FOXO1
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 2): PAK1 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for PAK1

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat PAK1

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 11q13-q14 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 11q14.1 HGNC cytogenetic band: 11q13-q14

PAK1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
PAK1 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 11 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC11M077033: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	77,032,752 bp from pter	End:	77,185,680 bp from pter
Size:	152,929 bases	Orientation:	minus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PAK1_HUMAN, Q13153 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1

Size: 545 amino acids; 60647 Da

Cofactor: Magnesium

Subunit: Homodimer in its autoinhibited state. Active as monomer. Component of cytoplasmic complexes, which also

contains PXN, ARHGEF6 and GIT1. Interacts with NISCH (By similarity). Interacts with DVL1; mediates the formation of a

DVL1, MUSK and PAK1 ternary complex involved in AChR clustering (By similarity). Binds to the caspase-cleaved p110

isoform of CDC2L1 and CDC2L2, p110C, but not the full-length proteins. Interacts with ARHGEF7. Interacts tightly with

GTP-bound but not GDP-bound CDC42/P21 and RAC1. Probably found in a ternary complex composed of DSCAM, PAK1 and RAC1.

Interacts with DSCAM (via cytoplasmic domain); the interaction is direct and enhanced in presence of RAC1. Interacts

with SCRIB. Interacts with PDPK1. Interacts (via kinase domain) with RAF1. Interacts with NCK1 and NCK2. Interacts

with TBCB. Interacts with CRIPAK. Interacts with BRSK2. Interacts with SNAI1

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm. Cell junction, focal adhesion. Cell membrane. Note=Recruited to the cell membrane by

interaction with CDC42 and RAC1. Recruited to focal adhesions upon activation

6/13 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for PAK1 (see all 13):

1F3M (3D)

1YHV (3D)

1YHW (3D)

1ZSG (3D)

2HY8 (3D)

2QME (3D)

Secondary accessions: O75561 Q13567 Q32M53 Q32M54 Q86W79

Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms: Q13153-1 Q13153-2

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for PAK1: NX_Q13153

Post-translational modifications:

Autophosphorylated in trans, meaning that in a dimer, one kinase molecule phosphorylates the other one. Activated by

autophosphorylation at Thr-423 in response to a conformation change, triggered by interaction with GTP-bound CDC42 or

RAC1. Activated by phosphorylation at Thr-423 by BRSK2 and by PDPK1. Phosphorylated by JAK2 in response to PRL; this

increases PAK1 kinase activity. Phosphorylated at Ser-21 by PKB/AKT; this reduces interaction with NCK1 and

association with focal adhesion sites¹

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q13153

4/34 DME Specific Peptides for PAK1 (Q13153) (see all 34)

EGEPPYL

VLDVLEF

NEILVMR

GQEVAIK

PAK1 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts):

NP_001122092.1 NP_002567.3

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000348696 ENSP00000433423 ENSP00000278568 ENSP00000433211 ENSP00000431906

ENSP00000431541 ENSP00000437261 ENSP00000433518 ENSP00000432477 ENSP00000433004

ENSP00000435983 ENSP00000433737

Reactome Protein details: Q13153
Human Recombinant Protein Products for PAK1:

	EMD Millipore Purified and/or Recombinant PAK1 Protein
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	OriGene Purified Protein: PAK1 OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: PAK1 OriGene Custom Protein Services for PAK1
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for PAK1
	Novus Biologicals PAK1 Proteins Novus Biologicals PAK1 Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
	Uscn Proteins for PAK1

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/17 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 17): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001726	ruffle	IDA	12912914
GO:0005624	membrane fraction	--	--
GO:0005634	nucleus	--	--
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	IDA	--
GO:0005794	Golgi apparatus	IDA	--

PAK1 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

PAK1 Antibody Products:

	EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of PAK1
	R&D Systems Antibodies for PAK1
	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for PAK1
	OriGene Antibodies (see all 4): PAK1 OriGene Custom Antibody Services for PAK1
	GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for PAK1
	Novus Biologicals PAK1 Antibodies
	Abcam antibodies for PAK1
	Uscn Antibodies for PAK1
	ThermoFisher Antibodies for PAK1

Assay Products for PAK1:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript PAK1-Activity-based Kinase Assay for Compound Screening
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for PAK1

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

PAK1 for domains About GeneDecksing

5/6 InterPro domains/families (see all 6):

IPR017441 Protein_kinase_ATP_BS

IPR002290 Ser/Thr_dual-sp_kinase_dom

IPR011009 Kinase-like_dom

IPR008271 Ser/Thr_kinase_AS

IPR000719 Prot_kinase_cat_dom

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q13153

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q13153

1 Blocks protein family: IPB000095 PAK-box/P21-Rho-binding

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PAK1_HUMAN, Q13153

Similarity: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. STE20 subfamily

Similarity: Contains 1 CRIB domain

Similarity: Contains 1 protein kinase domain

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, inGenious Targeting Laboratory,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, Sirion Biotech, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: PAK1_HUMAN, Q13153