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P2RY12 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 56

GC03M152538
purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 12
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database
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Aliases &
Descriptions
for P2RY12

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc , and/or 7Ensembl, 8miRBase)
About This Section
Aliases
ADPG-R 2, 3
HORK3 1, 2, 3
P2T(AC) 2, 3
P2Y(AC) 2, 3
P2Y(ADP) 2, 3
P2Y(cyc) 2, 3
P2Y12 1, 2, 3, 5
SP1999 1, 2, 3
Descriptions
ADP-glucose receptor 2, 3
G-protein coupled receptor SP1999 2
Gi-coupled ADP receptor HORK3 2
P2Y purinoceptor 12 2
P2Y12 platelet ADP receptor 3
platelet ADP receptor 2
purinergic receptor P2RY12 2
purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 12 2
purinergic receptor P2Y12 2
putative G-protein coupled receptor 2
External Ids
HGNC: 181241
Entrez Gene: 648052
UniProtKB: Q9H2443
Ensembl: ENSG000001693137
Search outside databases for aliases for P2RY12 gene

Previous GC identifers: GC03M147996 GC03M151887 GC03M152336 GC03M152376

Summaries
for P2RY12

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

 EntrezGene summary for P2RY12:
The product of this gene belongs to the family of G-protein coupled receptors. This family has
several receptor subtypes with different pharmacological selectivity, which overlaps in some
cases, for various adenosine and uridine nucleotides. This receptor is involved in platelets
aggregation, and is a potential target for the treatment of thromboembolisms and other clotting
disorders. Two transcript variants encoding the same isoform have been identified for this gene.
[provided by RefSeq]

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P2Y12_HUMAN, Q9H244
Function: Receptor for ADP and ATP coupled to G-proteins that inhibit the adenylyl cyclase second
messenger system. Not activated by UDP and UTP. Involved in platelets aggregation

Gene Wiki entry for P2RY12 (P2Y12)

Genomic Location
for P2RY12

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

 Genomic View:
UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

 Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the P2RY12 gene  

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 3q24-q25   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  3q25.1   HGNC cytogenetic band: 3q24-q25

P2RY12 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 3         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC03M152538:     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 152,537,858 bp from pter
End:
 152,585,234 bp from pter
Size:
 47,377 bases
Orientation:
 minus strand
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000003.10  NT_005612.15  

Proteins
for P2RY12

(According to 1UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to 2Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
About This Section

 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P2Y12_HUMAN, Q9H244 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: P2Y purinoceptor 12  
Size: 342 amino acids; 39439 Da
Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein
PDB structures from and Proteopedia :
1T78 (3D)    1VZ1 (3D)    1Y9C (3D)    
Secondary accessions: Q546J7

REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts): 
NP_073625.1  NP_795345.1  


ENSEMBL proteins: 
ENSP00000307259 


Human Recombinant Proteins 
Browse Drug Discovery Central at Invitrogen for human recombinant proteins
Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
Browse Human Recombinant Proteins at Sigma-Aldrich  
Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (P2Y12)
Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (P2RY12)
                Browse Origene for full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells 

2 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (links to tree view):

GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
GO:0005886 plasma membrane IEA--
GO:0016021 integral to membrane IEA--
About this table

Antibodies for P2RY12: 
Browse Antibodies Central at Invitrogen
Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of P2RY12
Sigma-Aldrich Antibodies for P2RY12
Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
Antibodies from Abcam (P2Y12), each with their AbpromiseSM
Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (P2RY12)
Novus Biologicals Antibodies for P2RY12

Assays for P2RY12: 
Browse Invitrogen for biochemical assays
Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

Protein Domains/
Families
for P2RY12

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section
4 InterPro domains/families:
 IPR017452 GPCR_Rhodpsn_supfam
 IPR005394 P2Y12_purnocptor
 IPR000276 7TM_GPCR_Rhodpsn
 IPR002286 P2_purnocptor


   GeneDecks  P2RY12 for the domains selected above  
About GeneDecksing

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q9H244

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q9H244

1 Blocks protein family: IPB005394 P2Y12 purinoceptor signature

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P2Y12_HUMAN, Q9H244
Similarity: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family

Gene Function
for P2RY12

(According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section
Inhib.
RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (P2RY12)
Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (P2RY12)
               OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 2): NM_022788

              Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for P2RY12

              Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for P2RY12  
                     Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for P2RY12  
                     Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs  

Clones:Invitrogen Clones for P2RY12
Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore
               OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_022788
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_022788
                                 untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_022788 

Primers: Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers
              OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_022788

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P2Y12_HUMAN, Q9H244
Function: Receptor for ADP and ATP coupled to G-proteins that inhibit the adenylyl cyclase second
messenger system. Not activated by UDP and UTP. Involved in platelets aggregation

2 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for P2ry12):

hematopoietic systemhomeostasis/metabolism

3 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view):

GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
GO:0001609 adenosine receptor activity, G-protein coupled IEA--
GO:0001621 platelet ADP receptor activity IEA--
GO:0004872 receptor activity IEA--
About this table

Pathways & Interactions
for P2RY12

(Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, and/or 3STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

1 Invitrogen iPath™ Online BioAtlas - Pathway for P2RY12 (Maps provided by GeneGo):
 Gi-a specific GPCRs (in brain)

   GeneDecks  P2RY12 for the pathways selected above  
About GeneDecksing

 Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for  P2RY12 


5/14 Interacting proteins for P2RY12 (ENSP000003072593) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 14 )
InteractantInteraction Details
GeneCardExternal ID(s)
P2RX1ENSP000002255383STRING (score=.959)
ADCY2ENSP000003719713STRING (score=.857)
P2RX4ENSP000003366073STRING (score=.778)
GNAQENSP000002865483STRING (score=.75)
VASPENSP000002459323STRING (score=.744)
About this table

5/6 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (links to tree view) (see all 6 ):

GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
GO:0007165 signal transduction IEA--
GO:0007186 G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway IEA--
GO:0007188 G-protein signaling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger IEA--
GO:0007599 hemostasis NAS11196645
GO:0030168 platelet activation IEA--
About this table

Drugs & Compounds
for P2RY12

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
About This Section

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences
Sigma-Aldrich Small Molecules for P2RY12:
Antagonist Agonist

Compounds for P2RY12 available from Tocris Bioscience
CompoundAction CAS number
Suramin hexasodium saltNon-selective P2 antagonist[129-46-4]
2-Methylthioadenosine triphosphate tetrasodium saltP2 purinergic agonist[43170-89-4]
PPADS tetrasodium saltP2 purinergic antagonist[149017-66-3]
2-Methylthio-ADP trisodium saltPotent agonist for P2Y1, P2Y12 and P2Y13[34983-48-7]
(±)-Clopidogrel hydrochlorideSelective P2Y12 antagonist[90055-48-4]
About this table


10/17 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for P2RY12 gene (see all 17 )
Compound   Score   Articles   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
cangrelor 96.03 11 15668190 (1), 16236601 (1), 18506123 (1), 18174449 (1) (see all 10)
2-mesadp 93.05 10 11502873 (3), 15345752 (2), 18404433 (1), 16268477 (1) (see all 6)
prasugrel 93.00 9 16754711 (1), 16769599 (1), 18506123 (1), 17076696 (1) (see all 9)
mrs2179 91.63 6 14644082 (1), 15604418 (1), 18404433 (1), 18480058 (1) (see all 6)
adp 90.81 173 14644082 (6), 11502873 (4), 16236603 (4), 11422381 (3) (see all 96)
2',5'-adp 74.68 2 15668190 (1), 11756171 (1)
thromboxane a2 61.50 9 11756171 (2), 16460446 (2), 15154604 (1), 14597584 (1) (see all 6)
fibrinogen 54.25 3 16840732 (1), 11950711 (1), 11996207 (1)
atp 50.06 17 10037432 (2), 17187456 (2), 9414275 (1), 16734820 (1) (see all 12)
thromboxane 40.23 1 11996207 (1)
About this table


Transcripts
for P2RY12

(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section
Inhib.
RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (P2RY12)
Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (P2RY12)
               OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 2): NM_022788

              Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for P2RY12  
                     Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for P2RY12  
                     Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs  

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs: 

NM_022788  NM_176876  

REFSEQ mRNAs for P2RY12 gene (2 alternative transcripts): 

NM_022788.3   NM_176876.1   

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays: 

NM_022788  NM_176876  

               OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_022788
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_022788
                                 untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_022788 

Additional cDNA sequence: 

AB052684.1 AF313449.1 AF321815.1 AJ320495.1 AK292096.1 AK303714.1 AK316575.1 AY136754.1 
BC017898.1 

3 DOTS entries:

DT.92036952  DT.95366404  DT.101973036 

24/28 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 28 ):

AB052684 AY136754 NM_022788 BM713326 AJ320495 NM_176876 AI684536 BQ893760 
AA810452 AW015793 BC017898 AF313449 CF147831 AF321815 AW976204 BI758761 
BI754688 AL038524 BG708321 BG716155 BX488128 AI829607 AI307773 AA447306 

highest scoring ESTs for P2RY12:

BC017898 BF677440 AB052684 AF313449 AF321815 AJ320495 AY136754 BG708321 BG716155 BI754688 

Unigene Cluster for P2RY12:

Purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 12
Hs.591281  [show with all ESTs]
Unigene Representative Sequence: AK292096


GeneLoc Exon Structure

1 Ensembl transcript including schematic representation:
ENST00000302632  

Expression
for P2RY12

(Experimental results according to 1GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to 2GeneAnnot , 3GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
About This Section

P2RY12 expression in normal and diseased human tissues

 Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for P2RY12

1 / 2 / 3

2 probe-sets matching P2RY12 gene


Affymetrix
probe-set		 Array  GeneAnnot data GeneNote data GeneTide data
# genes Sensitivity Specificity Correlation Length Gb_Accession Consensus Uniqueness Score Rank

224102_at2, 3 U133-B 1 1.00 1.00 -- -- AF321815 0.60 1.00 0.82 1

224102_at2 U133Plus2 1 1.00 1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
About this table
Data from (Publications) and GNF BioGPS
    About these images
About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: AAATAGTAAA

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.591281

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P2Y12_HUMAN, Q9H244
Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in the platelets, lower levels in the brain. Lowest levels in
the lung, appendix, pituitary and adrenal gland. Expressed in the spinal cord and in the fetal
brain

Orthologs
for P2RY12

(Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD and/or 5MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
About This Section
Orthologs for P2RY12 gene from 5/6 species (see all 6 )
Organism Gene Locus Description Human
Similarity		 NCBI accessions
dog
(Canis familiaris)		 P2RY121   -- purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 12 90.76(n)
94.4(a)		 442958  NM_001003365.1  NP_001003365.1 
chimpanzee
(Pan troglodytes)		 P2RY121   -- purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 12 99.42(n)
99.71(a)		 738917  XM_001145406.1  XP_001145406.1 
cow
(Bos taurus)		 P2RY121   -- purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 12 88.5(n)
90.27(a)		 408007  NM_001001174.2  NP_001001174.2 
rat
(Rattus norvegicus)		 P2ry121   -- purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 12 82.83(n)
88.25(a)		 64803  NM_022800.1  NP_073637.1 
mouse
(Mus musculus)		 P2ry121, 5 35
 purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 121, 5 83.13(n)1
88.99(a)1		 708391  NM_027571.21  NP_081847.21 
 AJ3121305  AK0138045  (see all 10)
About this table        Species with no ortholog for P2RY12

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for P2RY12

Paralogs
for P2RY12

(Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene
and 2Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to 3Pseudogene.org)
About This Section

Paralogs for P2RY12 gene
GPR1712  P2RY132  GPR872  P2RY142  

SNPs/Variants
for P2RY12

(According to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

  --

Disorders & Mutations
for P2RY12

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

 OMIM: 600515   disorders: 609821  

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P2Y12_HUMAN, Q9H244

  • Defects in P2RY12 are a cause of bleeding disorder [MIM:609821]

    • 10/13 Novoseek disease relationships for P2RY12 gene (see all 13 )

    Disease   Score   Articles   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    thrombosis 57.06 5 14597584 (2), 16234484 (1), 10960076 (1)
    bleeding tendency 39.63 3 19237732 (1), 16194207 (1)
    myocardial infarction 37.22 2 19334620 (1), 17707382 (1)
    coronary artery disease 36.04 4 17995973 (1), 15795539 (1), 17803810 (1), 17127487 (1)
    bleeding 35.82 3 17311506 (1), 16504633 (1)
    glioma 24.46 4 11904146 (2), 11502873 (1), 14718252 (1)
    cardiovascular diseases 22.28 3 19334620 (2), 12913786 (1)
    astrocytoma 14.35 1 15913566 (1)
    vascular diseases 9.94 1 17707382 (1)
    atherosclerosis 7.65 2 14662702 (1), 16476694 (1)
    About this table

    Human Gene Mutation Database: P2RY12
    Genetic Association Database: P2RY12
    Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: P2RY12 (25 documents)

    Medical News
    for P2RY12

    (Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
    About This Section

    		   --

    Publications
    for P2RY12

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Novoseek, 2HGNC, 3Entrez Gene, 4UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 5UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 6GAD, and/or 7PharmGKB)
    About This Section

    		10/210 PubMed articles for P2RY12 gene (see all 210 ):

    Search for P2RY12

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section

     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing P2RY12

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 64805 HGNC: 18124 AceView: P2RY12 Ensembl:ENSG00000169313 euGenes: HUgn64805
    ECgene: P2RY12 H-InvDB: P2RY12

    Other Databases showing P2RY12

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section

    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing P2RY12

    (According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section

    		   --

    Licensable Technologies
    for P2RY12

    (Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)
    About This Section

    		  --

    Services
    for P2RY12

    (Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
    Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
    Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
    About This Section



    Products for P2RY12:
     TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays
     TaqMan ® Genotyping Assays
    		  Free SNP selection tool



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     Predesigned and custom siRNAs for P2RY12 Antibodies for P2RY12
     Explore super-pooled esiRNAs Browse proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
     Lentivirus-delivered shRNAs for P2RY12 Small molecules for P2RY12
     "Your Favorite Gene" Pathwaysfeedback


      
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     Tocris compounds for P2RY12




     Search www.enzolifesicences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies
     Antibodies for P2RY12

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