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|
mitochondrially encoded 16S RNA
(Previous symbol: MTRNR2)
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Aliases
for MT-RNR2 gene
(According to
1HGNC,
2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot,
4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc,
7Ensembl,
8DME,
9miRBase,
and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
|
Subcategory (RNA class): Mt_rRNA
Quality score for this RNA gene is 3
| Aliases |
|---|
| Mitochondrially Encoded 16S RNA1 | | MTRNR21 2 | | HN1 | | RNR22 | | L-RRNA1 |
Export aliases for MT-RNR2 gene to outside databasesPrevious GC identifer: GC00U921595 |
Summaries
for MT-RNR2 gene(According to Entrez Gene,
Tocris Bioscience,
Wikipedia's
Gene Wiki,
PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot,
and/or
UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
|
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: HUNIN_HUMAN, Q8IVG9Function: Plays a role as a neuroprotective factor. Protects against death induced by multiple different familialAlzheimer disease genes and beta amyloid proteins in Alzheimer disease. Suppresses apoptosis by binding to BAX andpreventing the translocation of BAX from the cytosol to mitochondria. Binds to IGFBP3 and specifically blocksIGFBP3-induced cell death Induces chemotaxis of mononuclear phagocytes via FPR2. Reduces the aggregation andfibrillary formation by suppressing the effect of APP on mononuclear phagocytes and acts by competitively inhibitingthe access of FPRL1 to APP
|
Genomic Views
for MT-RNR2 gene
(According to
GeneLoc and/or
HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to
UCSC (hg19) and
Ensembl (release 69),
Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to
QIAGEN,
SABiosciences, and/or
SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
| Regulatory elements:
 Search SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites for MT-RNR2
Other transcription factors
Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for MT-RNR2
Epigenetics:
| | QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat MT-RNR2 |
Genomic Location:
Chromosome:MT
Ensembl cytogenetic band: MT HGNC chromosome: mitochondriaGeneLoc information about chromosome MT GeneLoc Exon Structure GeneLoc location for GCMTP001674: view genomic region
(about GC identifiers)
Start:
|
1,671 bp from pter |
End:
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3,229 bp from pter |
Size:
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1,559 bases |
Orientation:
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plus strand |
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Proteins
for MT-RNR2 gene
(According to
1UniProtKB,
HORDE,
neXtProt,
Ensembl,
and/or Reactome,
Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus,
Specific Peptides from DME,
Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb,
RefSeq according to NCBI,
PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia,
Recombinant Proteins
from
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
GenScript,
Enzo Life Sciences,
OriGene,
Novus Biologicals,
Sino Biological,
ProSpec, and/or
Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
OriGene,
GenScript,
Cell Signaling Technology,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or
Uscn,
Ontologies according to Gene
Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and
Entrez Gene,
Antibodies by
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
GenScript,
Cell Signaling Technology,
OriGene,
Novus Biologicals,
Thermo Fisher Scientific,
Abcam, and/or
Uscn)
About This Section
|
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: HUNIN_HUMAN, Q8IVG9 (See
protein sequence)Recommended Name: Putative humanin peptide Size: 24 amino acids; 2687 Da
Subunit: Interacts with BAX, IGFBP3 and TRIM11
Subcellular location: Secreted. Cytoplasm
Caution: Product of a dubious CDS prediction. The sequence shown is derived from a portion of the mitochondrial MT-RNR2gene (PubMed:12009529). The existence of this protein sequence in vivo is possibly dubious. No mechanism has beendemonstrated for its production and translocation to the cytoplasm and extracellular space. If translated in themitochondrion rather than the cytoplasm, the usage of the mitochondrial genetic code would lead to the production of ashorter peptide lacking the last three C-terminal residues. An alternative possibility is that the true physiologicalhumanin peptide is encoded by one or more of several nuclear loci apparently derived from MT-RNR2 (PubMed:19477263)
2 PDB 3D structures from  and Proteopedia  for MT-RNR2:1Y32 (3D)
2GD3 (3D)
Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for MT-RNR2: NX_Q8IVG9
MT-RNR2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: --
Reactome Protein details: Q8IVG9
Human Recombinant Protein Products:
MT-RNR2 Antibody Products:
Assay Products for MT-RNR2: |
Protein
Domains /
Families
for MT-RNR2 gene(According to InterPro, ProtoNet,
UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section
| ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q8IVG9 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: HUNIN_HUMAN, Q8IVG9Domain: Largely unstructured in aqueous solutionSimilarity: Belongs to the humanin family |
Function
for MT-RNR2 gene
(According to 1UniProtKB,
Genatlas,
LifeMap Discovery™,
IUBMB, and/or
2DME,
Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi,
Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences,
miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase
shRNA from
OriGene,
RNAi from
EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from
OriGene,
QIAGEN,
microRNA from QIAGEN,
Gene Editing from DNA2.0,
Clones from EMD Millipore,
OriGene,
SwitchGear Genomics,
GenScript,
Sino Biological,
DNA2.0,
and Vector BioLabs,
Cell Lines from GenScript,
LifeMap BioReagents,
In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics,
Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via
Entrez Gene.)
About This Section
|
Function Summary:
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: HUNIN_HUMAN, Q8IVG9Function: Plays a role as a neuroprotective factor. Protects against death induced by multiple different familialAlzheimer disease genes and beta amyloid proteins in Alzheimer disease. Suppresses apoptosis by binding to BAX andpreventing the translocation of BAX from the cytosol to mitochondria. Binds to IGFBP3 and specifically blocksIGFBP3-induced cell death Induces chemotaxis of mononuclear phagocytes via FPR2. Reduces the aggregation andfibrillary formation by suppressing the effect of APP on mononuclear phagocytes and acts by competitively inhibitingthe access of FPRL1 to APPInduction: Release is regulated by intracellular mechanism. The intracellular level is regulated by TRIM11 throughproteasome-mediated degradation
|
Pathways & Interactions
for MT-RNR2 gene
(Pathways according to
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
Cell Signaling Technology,
KEGG,
PharmGKB,
BioSystems,
Reactome,
Tocris Bioscience,
GeneGo (Thomson Reuters),
QIAGEN,
and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks,
Interaction Networks according to
SABiosciences,
and/or STRING,
Interactions according to 1UniProtKB,
2MINT,
3I2D, and/or
4STRING,
with links to IntAct and
Ensembl,
Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via
Entrez Gene).
About This Section
|
Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/7 super-pathways (see all 7) About this table 
See pathways by source
| Super-pathway | contained gene-specific pathways |
|---|
| 1 | Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) | | | 2 | Signaling by GPCR | | | 3 | G alpha (q) signalling events | | | 4 | BH3-only proteins associate with and inactivate anti-apoptotic BCL-2 members | | | 5 | Formyl peptide receptors bind formyl peptides and many other ligands | |
Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways
1  EMD Millipore Pathway for MT-RNR2
1  GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathway for MT-RNR2
5/10 
Reactome Pathways for MT-RNR2 (see all 10)
2 
Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for MT-RNR2):
MT-RNR2 for pathways About GeneDecksing
Interactions:
SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for MT-RNR2
5/19 Interacting proteins for MT-RNR2 (Q8IVG92, 3) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 19)About this table
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Drugs & Compounds
for MT-RNR2 gene(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences,
EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience
HMDB,
BitterDB, and/or
Novoseek, and Drugs according to
DrugBank,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or
PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news
search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section
|
 Browse Tocris compounds for MT-RNR2
Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about MT-RNR2
|
Transcripts
for MT-RNR2 gene(Secondary structures according to
fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene
(Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or
AceView,
transcript ids from Ensembl
with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc,
alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or
ECgene,
RNAi Products from
EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from
OriGene,
QIAGEN,
shRNA from
OriGene,
microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from
OriGene,
SwitchGear Genomics,
GenScript,
DNA2.0,
Vector BioLabs,
Primers from
OriGene,
SABiosciences, and/or
QIAGEN
)
About This Section
|
1 Ensembl transcript including schematic representation, and UCSC links where relevant: ENST00000387347(Mt_rRNA)
GeneLoc Exon Structure
|
Expression
for MT-RNR2 gene
(RNA expression data according to
H-InvDB,
NONCODE,
miRBase, and
RNAdb,
Expression images according to data from
BioGPS,
Illumina Human BodyMap, and
CGAP
SAGE,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks,
in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™,
plus additional links to
Genevestigator, and/or
SOURCE, and/or
BioGPS, and/or
UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from
SABiosciences,
Primers from
OriGene,
SABiosciences, and/or
QIAGEN,
In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section
| Expression evidence for MT-RNR2:none
MT-RNR2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: --
About this imageUniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: HUNIN_HUMAN, Q8IVG9Tissue specificity: Expressed in the heart, skeletal muscles, kidney and liver. Lesser but significant expression isobserved in the brain and the gastrointestinal tract. Expressed in the AD brain, where it is found in some of thelarge intact neurons of the occipital lobes and small and round reactive glial cells in the hippocampus
SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for MT-RNR2
Primer
Products: |  | Browse OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs
Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
| | | Search SABiosciences RT2 qPCR
Primer Assays in human, mouse, rat MT-RNR2 | | | Search QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat MT-RNR2 | | | Search QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat MT-RNR2 |
Orthologs
for MT-RNR2 gene
(Orthologs according to
1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version),
3euGenes,
4SGD
,
5MGI Mar 06 2013,
with possible further links to
Flybase
and/or
WormBase,
and/or
6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara ,
Gene Trees according to Ensembl and
TreeFam)
About This Section
|
--
ENSEMBL Gene Tree for MT-RNR2 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for MT-RNR2 (if available) |
Paralogs
for MT-RNR2 gene(Paralogs according to
1HomoloGene,
2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section
| -- |
Genomic Variants
for MT-RNR2 gene(SNPs/Variants according to the
1NCBI SNP Database,
2Ensembl,
3PupaSUITE,
UniProtKB, and
DNA2.0,
Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap,
Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene
Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation
Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT,
Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN,
Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section
|
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): MT-RNR2
| SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays |
|
Disorders
/ Diseases
for MT-RNR2 gene
(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards,
OMIM, UniProtKB,
the University of Copenhagen DISEASES
database,
Genatlas, GeneTests,
GAD,
HuGE Navigator,
and/or TGDB.)
About This Section
|
MT-RNR2 for disorders About GeneDecksing
OMIM gene information: 561010
OMIM disorders: --
10  diseases for MT-RNR2: About MalaCardschronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia type 2 diabetes mellitus ophthalmoplegia diabetes mellitus
parkinson's disease endometrial cancer alzheimer's disease myopathy
colorectal cancer neuronitis
Export disorders for MT-RNR2 gene to outside databases
|
Publications
for MT-RNR2 gene (in
PubMed.
Associations of this gene to articles via
1Entrez Gene,
2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot,
3HGNC,
4GAD,
5PharmGKB,
6HMDB,
7DrugBank,
8UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
9 Novoseek, and/or
10fRNAdb)
About This Section
|
PubMed articles for MT-RNR2 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 25):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with MT-RNR2) | |  | Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information |
- Solution structure of humanin, a peptide against Alzheimer's disease- related neurotoxicity. (PubMed id 15721287)1, 2 Benaki D....Pelecanou M. (2005)
- Evidence for in vivo production of Humanin peptide, a neuroprotective factor against Alzheimer's disease-related insults. (PubMed id 12009529)2, 3 Tajima H.... Nishimoto I. (2002)
- A rescue factor abolishing neuronal cell death by a wide spectrum of familial Alzheimer's disease genes and Abeta. (PubMed id 11371646)1, 2 Hashimoto Y.... Nashimoto I. (2001)
- Genotyping mitochondrial DNA single nucleotide polymo rphisms by PCR ligase detection reactions. (PubMed id 20128730)1 Luo Y....Gao Y. (2010)
- Evidence for potential functionality of nuclearly-enc oded humanin isoforms. (PubMed id 19477263)2 Bodzioch M....Dembinska-Kiec A. (2009)
- Involvement of mitochondrial DNA sequence variations and respiratory activity in late complications following radiotherapy. (PubMed id 19920115)1 Alsbeih G.A....Abu-Amero K.K. (2009)
- Mitochondrial DNA and gastrointestinal motor and sensory functions in health and functional gastrointestinal disorders. (PubMed id 19147801)1 Camilleri M....Boles R.G. (2009)
- Comprehensive analysis of common mitochondrial DNA variants and colorectal cancer risk. (PubMed id 19050702)1 Webb E....Houlston R.S. (2008)
- Cosegregation of novel mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene mutations with the age-associated T414G variant in human cybrids. (PubMed id 18796524)1 Seibel P....Villani G. (2008)
- [Study on the mitochondrial DNA variation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus] (PubMed id 17407074)1 Ji J.Z....Wang D.W. (2007)
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External Searches for MT-RNR2 gene
(in PubMed,
OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section
|
|
Genome Databases showing MT-RNR2 gene
(According to
Entrez Gene,
HGNC,
AceView,
euGenes,
Ensembl,
miRBase,
ECgene,
Kegg,
and/or
H-InvDB)
About This Section
|
|
Other Databases showing MT-RNR2 gene
(According to HUGE)
About This Section
| -- |
Specialized Databases showing MT-RNR2 gene(According to PharmGKB,
ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section
|
| Name | Description |
| PharmGKB entry for MT-RNR2 | Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways |
|
| | |
About This Section
| Patent Information for MT-RNR2 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving MT-RNR2
GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search
|
Products
for MT-RNR2 gene(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or
Enzo Life Sciences),
In Situ Hybridization Assays from
Advanced Cell Diagnostics
About This Section
|
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|  | QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of in human, mouse, rat MT-RNR2 | | | Search QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing MT-RNR2 | | | QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat MT-RNR2 | | | Search QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat MT-RNR2 | | | Search QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat MT-RNR2 | | | Search QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat MT-RNR2 |
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| | | | Search Tocris compounds for MT-RNR2 |
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 | | | | |  |  |  | | | | Search ThermoFisher Antibodies for MT-RNR2 |
| | | Search Vector BioLabs for ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat MT-RNR2 |
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