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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

MRPL21 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 47
GCID: GC11M068658

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L21

 Explore 1 disease affiliated with
MRPL21 via our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for MRPL21
    

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section

This gene clusters with an RNA gene
Subcategory (RNA class): lncRNA

Quality score for the ORGUL clustered with this gene is 3

Aliases
Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein L211 2
L21mt2 3
MRP-L212 3
39S Ribosomal Protein L21, Mitochondrial2

External Ids:    HGNC: 144791   Entrez Gene: 2199272   Ensembl: ENSG000001973457   OMIM: 6118345   UniProtKB: Q7Z2W93   
ORGUL members:         
NONCODE:n342771    

Export aliases for MRPL21 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC00U990877 GC11M068908 GC11M068434 GC11M068415 GC11M064998


(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for MRPL21:
Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the
mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They
have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed.
Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA.
Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in
biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein.
Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms were identified through sequence analysis although some may
be subject to nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)




(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000011.9  NC_018922.1  NT_167190.1  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the MRPL21 gene promoter:
         AhR   STAT1   Pax-5   AML1a   STAT1beta   STAT1alpha   Arnt   c-Ets-1   HNF-4alpha1   GATA-1   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmidMRPL21 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for MRPL21

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat MRPL21


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 11q13.3   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  11q13.3   HGNC cytogenetic band: 11q13.3

MRPL21 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
MRPL21 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 11         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC11M068658:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
68,658,744 bp from pter      End:
68,671,303 bp from pter
Size:
12,560 bases      Orientation:
minus strand

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RM21_HUMAN, Q7Z2W9 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: 39S ribosomal protein L21, mitochondrial precursor  
Size: 205 amino acids; 22815 Da
Subcellular location: Mitochondrion (By similarity)
Sequence caution: Sequence=AAH55088.1; Type=Erroneous initiation;
Secondary accessions: A6NKU0 C9JPR2
Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms:  Q7Z2W9-1   Q7Z2W9-2   (No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for MRPL21: NX_Q7Z2W9

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q7Z2W9

  • MRPL21 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_852615.1  NP_852616.1  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000389400   ENSP00000354580   ENSP00000456520   ENSP00000442243   ENSP00000457859  
     ENSP00000438837   ENSP00000445009  

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    Uscn Proteins for MRPL21

    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005739mitochondrion IEA--
    GO:0005840ribosome IEA--


    MRPL21 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    MRPL21 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    1 InterPro domain/family:
     IPR001787 Ribosomal_L21

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q7Z2W9

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q7Z2W9

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB001787 Ribosomal protein L21

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RM21_HUMAN, Q7Z2W9
    Similarity: Belongs to the ribosomal protein L21P family


    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    miRNA
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    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0003723RNA binding IEA--
    GO:0003735structural constituent of ribosome IEA--


    MRPL21 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section



    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for MRPL21

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 2 interactants - click image to see more details)

    5/231 Interacting proteins for MRPL21 (Q7Z2W92 ENSP000003545804) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 231)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    ICT1Q141972, ENSP000003015854MINT-8079030 STRING: ENSP00000301585
    AARS2Q5JTZ92MINT-8079030
    AASSQ9UDR52MINT-8079030
    ABCB7O750272MINT-8079030
    ACAD9Q9H8452MINT-8079030
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 1 biological process term (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006412translation IEA--


    MRPL21 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section
    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for MRPL21
    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about MRPL21 / RM21 

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section

    REFSEQ mRNAs for MRPL21 gene (4 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_181514.1  NM_181515.1  NM_181512.1  NM_181513.1  

    Unigene Cluster for MRPL21:

    Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L21
    Hs.503047  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: AK096756
    8 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000450904 ENST00000362034 ENST00000565125(uc001ooh.3 uc001ooi.3 uc010rqe.1)
    ENST00000541279 ENST00000567045 ENST00000544567 ENST00000541265 ENST00000536637


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    Inhib. RNA
    Products:
         
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AK096756.1 AK301989.1 BC055088.1 

    9 DOTS entries:

    DT.95270864  DT.452130  DT.92431113  DT.92431110  DT.100832940  DT.100027371  DT.102825360  DT.91743298 
    DT.95377978 

    24/165 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 165):

    AI359290 BM785766 CD675449 CA307206 BG164202 AI360172 F27002 AW016380 
    NM_181515 BM915025 BQ276246 BQ881333 F34536 BQ230641 AI492606 AI302818 
    NM_181514 BI085401 AA910767 AI147563 NM_181512 BU687740 AA258759 BG505433 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5/8 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for MRPL21 (see all 8)    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1a · 1b · 1c ^ 2a · 2b ^ 3a · 3b ^ 4a · 4b · 4c · 4d ^ 5a · 5b ^ 6a · 6b · 6c · 6d · 6e ^ 7
    SP1:                          -                 -                 -           -                 -     -     -         
    SP2:                                            -                 -           -                 -     -     -         
    SP3:                                            -                 -                                                   
    SP4:                          -                 -                 -                                                   
    SP5:                                            -                 -           -                                       


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for MRPL21

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    MRPL21 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: GCCAAGAATC

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)

    About this image
    See MRPL21 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for MRPL21

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.503047
        SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for MRPL21
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    In Situ
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    Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for MRPL21

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section

    This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

    Orthologs for MRPL21 gene from 7/22 species (see all 22)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification
    Gene Description Human
    Similarity
    Orthology
    Type
    Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)
    Mammalia Mrpl211 , 5 mitochondrial ribosomal protein L211, 5 84.96(n)1
    82.07(a)1
      19 (3.05 cM)5
    3532421  NM_172252.31  NP_758456.21 
     32829015 
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)
    Aves MRPL211 mitochondrial ribosomal protein L21 70.45(n)
    73.3(a)
      423000  NM_001199518.1  NP_001186447.1 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)
    Reptilia MRPL216
    --
    75(a)
    1 ↔ 1
    1(76104688-76113620)
    African clawed frog
    (Xenopus laevis)
    Amphibia Xl.102812 Xenopus laevis transcribed sequence with weak similarity more 75.67(n)    48049743 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)
    Actinopterygii Dr.136932 Transcribed sequence with weak similarity to protein more 74.75(n)    AL718672.1 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)
    Insecta mRpL211 mitochondrial ribosomal protein L21 47.58(n)
    39.69(a)
      40091  NM_140838.2  NP_649095.2 
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)
    Secernentea mrpl-216
    --
    33(a)
    1 ↔ 1
    III(4242640-4243536)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for MRPL21 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for MRPL21 (if available) 

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for MRPL21 gene

    MRPL21 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing


    1 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogene for MRPL21
    PGOHUM00000239840


    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/273 NCBI SNPs in MRPL21 are shown (see all 273    About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance
    Chr 11 posSequence#AA
    Chg
    TypeMore#Allele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ----------
    rs795811981,2
    C,F,--68658268(+) TGTCCC/TTCCTC 2 -- ds50011Minor allele frequency- T:0.05WA 118
    rs4883631,2
    C,F,A,H,--68658298(+) TGGATC/GCCTGC 2 -- ds500114Minor allele frequency- G:0.22NS EA NA CSA WA 956
    rs1125774651,2
    C,--68658306(+) TGCTGC/TGCTGT 2 -- ds50012Minor allele frequency- T:0.06CSA WA 119
    rs591973141,2
    C,--68658442(+) TGTTTC/TGATTA 2 -- ds50012Minor allele frequency- T:0.06WA 120
    rs1428875721,2
    --68658465(+) TTGCTC/GTTCTT 2 -- ds50010--------
    rs1510671641,2
    --68658496(+) GTTGCG/TCCTCT 2 -- ds50010--------
    rs1889498831,2
    --68658518(+) CTCCAA/GGTCCC 2 -- ds50010--------
    rs1409744071,2
    --68658558(+) CCTGCC/TGCCGC 2 -- ds50010--------
    rs1917068941,2
    --68658559(+) CTGCCA/GCCGCC 2 -- ds50010--------
    rs1836025321,2
    --68658562(+) CCGCCA/GCCACA 2 -- ds50010--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for MRPL21 (68658744 - 68671303 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 2 variations for MRPL21
         2 CNVs: 35005 35004

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    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    MRPL21 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 611834    OMIM disorders: --

    1 disease for MRPL21:    About MalaCards
    genetic disease

    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: MRPL21 (1 document)

    Export disorders for MRPL21 gene to outside databases

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for MRPL21 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 15):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with MRPL21)
        Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    2. The large subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Analysis of the complement of ribosomal proteins present. (PubMed id 11551941)1, 3 Koc E.C....Spremulli L.L. (2001)
    3. A census of human soluble protein complexes. (PubMed id 22939629)1 Havugimana P.C....Emili A. (2012)
    4. Systematic and quantitative assessment of the ubiquiti n-modified proteome. (PubMed id 21906983)1 Kim W....Gygi S.P. (2011)
    5. Initial characterization of the human central proteome. (PubMed id 21269460)2 Burkard T.R.... Colinge J. (2011)
    6. Mass spectrometric analysis of lysine ubiquitylation r eveals promiscuity at site level. (PubMed id 21139048)1 Danielsen J.M....Nielsen M.L. (2011)
    7. A proteome-wide, quantitative survey of in vivo ubiqui tylation sites reveals widespread regulatory roles. (PubMed id 21890473)1 Wagner S.A....Choudhary C. (2011)
    8. Genetic variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial gen es influence AIDS progression. (PubMed id 20877624)1 Hendrickson S.L....O'Brien S.J. (2010)
    9. Dynamics of cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase network revea led by systematic quantitative proteomics. (PubMed id 21145461)1 Bennett E.J....Harper J.W. (2010)
    10. hORFeome v3.1: a resource of human open reading frames representing over 10,000 human genes. (PubMed id 17207965)1 Lamesch P.... Vidal M. (2007)

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    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 219927 HGNC: 14479 AceView: MRPL21 Ensembl:ENSG00000197345 euGenes: HUgn219927
    ECgene: MRPL21 H-InvDB: MRPL21

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
      --

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for MRPL21 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    Patent Information for MRPL21 gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving MRPL21

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



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