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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

METRN Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 45
GCID: GC16P000765

meteorin, glial cell differentiation regulator

(Previous name: chromosome 16 open reading frame 23 )
(Previous symbol: C16orf23)

Explore 1 disease affiliated with
METRN via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Meteorin, Glial Cell Differentiation Regulator¹ ²
C16orf23¹ ² ³
MGC2601¹
Chromosome 16 Open Reading Frame 23¹
C380A1.2¹
Meteorin¹

External Ids:	HGNC: 14151¹	Entrez Gene: 79006²	Ensembl: ENSG00000103260⁷	OMIM: 610998⁵	UniProtKB: Q9UJH8³

Export aliases for METRN gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifer: GC16P000709

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for METRN:

Meteorin regulates glial cell differentiation and promotes the formation of axonal networks during neurogenesis

(Nishino et al., 2004 (PubMed 15085178)).(supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: METRN_HUMAN, Q9UJH8

Function: Involved in both glial cell differentiation and axonal network formation during neurogenesis. Promotes

astrocyte differentiation and transforms cerebellar astrocytes into radial glia. Also induces axonal extension in

small and intermediate neurons of sensory ganglia by activating nearby satellite glia (By similarity)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000016.9 NC_018927.1 NT_010393.16

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the METRN gene promoter:
Max1 NF-1 AML1a AP-1 E47 c-Myb ZID Zic3 c-Myc
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: METRN promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for METRN

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat METRN

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 16p13.3 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 16p13.3 HGNC cytogenetic band: 16p13.3

METRN Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
METRN gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 16 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC16P000765: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	765,115 bp from pter	End:	769,499 bp from pter
Size:	4,385 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: METRN_HUMAN, Q9UJH8 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Meteorin precursor

Size: 293 amino acids; 31207 Da

Subcellular location: Secreted (By similarity)

Secondary accessions: Q9UJH9

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for METRN: NX_Q9UJH8

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q9UJH8

METRN Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_076947.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000455068 ENSP00000456647 ENSP00000219542 ENSP00000459900 ENSP00000457702

Human Recombinant Protein Products:

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	Uscn Proteins for METRN

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005576	extracellular region	--	--
GO:0005615	extracellular space	IEA	--

METRN for ontologies About GeneDecksing

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(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q9UJH8

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: METRN_HUMAN, Q9UJH8

Similarity: Belongs to the meteorin family

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: METRN_HUMAN, Q9UJH8

Function: Involved in both glial cell differentiation and axonal network formation during neurogenesis. Promotes

astrocyte differentiation and transforms cerebellar astrocytes into radial glia. Also induces axonal extension in

small and intermediate neurons of sensory ganglia by activating nearby satellite glia (By similarity)

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: METRN Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
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In Situ Assay
Products:

Search Advanced Cell Diagnostics for RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for METRN

1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for METRN:

Proliferating cells

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Interactions:

Search SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for METRN

Gene Ontology (GO): 4 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0007399	nervous system development	--	--
GO:0010001	glial cell differentiation	IEA	--
GO:0030154	cell differentiation	--	--
GO:0050772	positive regulation of axonogenesis	IEA	--

METRN for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for METRN
Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about METRN

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
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Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for METRN gene:

NM_024042.2

Unigene Clusters for METRN:

Meteorin, glial cell differentiation regulator

Hs.533772 [show with all ESTs], Hs.732288 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequences: AK057053, AL360260

6 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000568223(uc002cjd.3) ENST00000570132 ENST00000219542 ENST00000567076

ENST00000564661 ENST00000568415

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: METRN Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
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Additional cDNA sequence: AL360260.1

11 DOTS entries:

DT.75103972 DT.443658 DT.95375784 DT.95375782 DT.100814756 DT.120709410 DT.102824795 DT.120709408

DT.455683 DT.95197080 DT.99933453

24/202 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 202):

BM741718 BM839981 BM772370 AI589904 AI498277 BM743071 AL360260 BQ267810

AI609702 AK057053 BG056140 AI915888 AW007369 BF438489 AI611805 BC000662

BM737986 AI674232 AW005988 CA310636 BM695983 BM715030 AW298609 AI869102

GeneLoc Exon Structure

3 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for METRN About this scheme

ExUns:	1	^	2	^	3	^	4a	·	4b	^	5a	·	5b
SP1:					-				-
SP2:					-
SP3:

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for METRN

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

METRN expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: GGCTGGAGCC

About this image

METRN expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

4 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Spinal Cord

Spinal Ventral Columns

Ventral Spinal Cord Progenitor Cells

Motor Neurons

Neural Tube

Telencephalon

Neural Tube

Spinal Cord

Presumptive Spinal Cord

Spinal Cord

Spinal Ventral Columns

Spinal Cord

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

Stem Cell Differentiation: 1 LifeMap Cell

Name

Category

Posterior foregut-like cells (A scalable, suspensi...)

See METRN Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for METRN

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene clusters: Hs.533772 Hs.732288

SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for METRN

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		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat METRN

In Situ
Assay Products:

Search Advanced Cell Diagnostics for RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for METRN

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

Orthologs for METRN gene from 5/12 species (see all 12) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Metrn^{1 , 5}	meteorin, glial cell differentiation regulator^{1, 5}	81.42(n)¹ 81.88(a)¹		17 (12.89 cM)⁵ 70083¹ NM_133719.2¹ NP_598480.1¹ 25794571⁵
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	METRN¹	meteorin, glial cell differentiation regulator	70.26(n) 62.83(a)		427650 XM_425223.3 XP_425223.3
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	METRN⁶ --	--	58(a) 36(a)	1 ↔ 1 possible ortholog	GL343518.1(591666-595843) GL343198.1(639115-649124)
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	metrn¹	meteorin, glial cell differentiation regulator	60.2(n) 55.51(a)		494493 NM_001009983.1 NP_001009983.1
honey bee (Apis mellifera)	Insecta	--	--	26(a)	1 → many	Group14.1(27428-28452)

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for METRN (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for METRN (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for METRN gene

METRNL²

1 SIMAP similar gene for METRN using alignment to 5 protein entries: METRN_HUMAN (see all proteins):

METRNL

METRN for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 16 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs150205261^1,2		--	763199(+)	`CCTGTA/GATCCC`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs112288861^1,2	C,	--	763235(+)	`GAATCG/ACTTGA`	1	--	us2k¹		1		WA	2
rs182652816^1,2		--	763277(+)	`ATCGCA/GCCATT`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs112072180^1,2	C,	--	763299(+)	`TGGGCG/AAAGAG`	1	--	us2k¹		1		WA	2
rs187656484^1,2		--	763359(+)	`CGGGCA/GCGGTG`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs9745431^1,2	C,F,	--	763371(+)	`CTCACG/ATCTGT`	1	--	us2k¹		2		NA WA	4
rs111567840^1,2		--	763403(+)	`CAAGGT/CGGGCA`	1	--	us2k¹		1		CSA	1
rs191690539^1,2		--	763449(+)	`AACACA/GGTGAA`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs142806876^1,2		--	763474(+)	`AAAAAA/CAGAAA`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs182790204^1,2		--	763500(+)	`GCCGGG/TTGTGG`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for METRN (765115 - 769499 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 9 variations for METRN
9 CNVs: 49738 49727 29986 49728 3987 29982 5329 30732 29983

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing METRN

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(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

METRN for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 610998    OMIM disorders: --

1 disease for METRN:    About MalaCards

neuronitis

Export disorders for METRN gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for METRN gene integrated from 9 sources:
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with METRN)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Meteorin: a secreted protein that regulates glial cell differentiation and promotes axonal extension. (PubMed id 15085178)^{1, 2, 3} Nishino J....Hamada H. (2004)
The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16. (PubMed id 15616553)^{1, 2} Martin J.... Pennacchio L.A. (2004)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Sequence, structure and pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16. (PubMed id 11157797)^{1, 2} Daniels R.J....Higgs D.R. (2001)
Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)¹ Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. (PubMed id 12477932)¹ Strausberg R.L....Marra M.A. (2002)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section

		AND	OR
Aliases
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 79006	HGNC: 14151	AceView: C16orf23	Ensembl:ENSG00000103260	euGenes: HUgn79006
ECgene: METRN	H-InvDB: METRN

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for METRN	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

Intellectual Property for METRN gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

About This Section

Patent Information for METRN gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving METRN

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences),
In Situ Hybridization Assays from
Advanced Cell Diagnostics
About This Section


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	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for METRN		GenScript cDNA clones with any tag delivered in your preferred vector for METRN
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	GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for METRN		CloneReady with Over 120,000 Genes
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	Gene Mutant Library, Variants up to 10^11		Plasmid Preparation
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Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat METRN

GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 19 Mar 2013 - Incrementals: 21 Mar 2013 , 15 Apr 2013 , 26 Apr 2013

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Category			VWF (GIFTS: 73) von Willebrand factor
GIFtS Group

The GeneCards human gene database gene index: 1 3 5 6 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

The GeneCards Human Gene Database

Developed at the Crown Human Genome Center, Department of Molecular Genetics, the Weizmann Institute of Science

Hot genes Disease genes METRN gene at Home site.

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METRN Gene

meteorin, glial cell differentiation regulator

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Export list of displayed genes

METRN Gene

meteorin, glial cell differentiation regulator

Aliasesfor METRN gene

Summariesfor METRN gene

Genomic Viewsfor METRN gene

Proteinsfor METRN gene

Protein Domains /Familiesfor METRN gene

Functionfor METRN gene

Pathways & Interactionsfor METRN gene

Drugs & Compoundsfor METRN gene

Transcriptsfor METRN gene

Expression for METRN gene

Orthologsfor METRN gene

Paralogsfor METRN gene

Genomic Variantsfor METRN gene

Disorders / Diseasesfor METRN gene

Publicationsfor METRN gene

External Searches for METRN gene

Genome Databases showing METRN gene

Other Databases showing METRN gene

Specialized Databases showing METRN gene

Intellectual Propertyfor METRN gene

Productsfor METRN gene

View Random Gene

Aliases
for METRN gene

Summaries
for METRN gene

Genomic Views
for METRN gene

Proteins
for METRN gene

Protein Domains /
Families
for METRN gene

Function
for METRN gene

Pathways & Interactions
for METRN gene

Drugs & Compounds
for METRN gene

Transcripts
for METRN gene

Expression
for METRN gene

Orthologs
for METRN gene

Paralogs
for METRN gene

Genomic Variants
for METRN gene

Disorders / Diseases
for METRN gene

Publications
for METRN gene

Intellectual Property
for METRN gene

Products
for METRN gene