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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

MDK Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 64
GCID: GC11P046402

midkine (neurite growth-promoting factor 2)

(Previous symbol: NEGF2)

Explore 49 diseases affiliated with
MDK via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Midkine (Neurite Growth-Promoting Factor 2)¹ ²		ARAP² ³
NEGF2¹ ² ³ ⁵		FLJ27379¹
MK¹ ² ³		Midkine¹
Amphiregulin-Associated Protein² ³		Retinoic Acid Inducible Factor²
Midgestation And Kidney Protein² ³		MK1³
Neurite Outgrowth-Promoting Factor 2² ³		Neurite Outgrowth-Promoting Protein³

External Ids:	HGNC: 6972¹	Entrez Gene: 4192²	Ensembl: ENSG00000110492⁷	OMIM: 162096⁵	UniProtKB: P21741³

Export aliases for MDK gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC11P048187 GC11P047092 GC11P046434 GC11P046367 GC11P046359 GC11P046109

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for MDK:

This gene encodes a member of a small family of secreted growth factors that binds heparin and responds to retinoic

acid. The encoded protein promotes cell growth, migration, and angiogenesis, in particular during tumorigenesis. This

gene has been targeted as a therapeutic for a variety of different disorders. Alternatively spliced transcript

variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: MK_HUMAN, P21741

Function: Developmentally regulated, secreted growth factor homologous to pleiotrophin (PTN), which has heparin binding

activity. Binds anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) which induces ALK activation and subsequent phosphorylation of the

insulin receptor substrate (IRS1), followed by the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and

PI3-kinase, and the induction of cell proliferation. Involved in neointima formation after arterial injury, possibly

by mediating leukocyte recruitment. Also involved in early fetal adrenal gland development (By similarity)

Gene Wiki entry for MDK (Midkine)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000011.9 NC_018922.1 NT_009237.18

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the MDK gene promoter:
STAT3
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 2): MDK promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for MDK

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat MDK

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 11p11.2 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 11p11.2 HGNC cytogenetic band: 11p11.2

MDK Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
MDK gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 11 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC11P046402: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	46,402,306 bp from pter	End:	46,405,375 bp from pter
Size:	3,070 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: MK_HUMAN, P21741 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Midkine precursor

Size: 143 amino acids; 15585 Da

Subunit: Homodimer. Interacts with ALK

Subcellular location: Secreted

2 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for MDK:

1MKC (3D)

1MKN (3D)

Secondary accessions: Q9UCC7

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for MDK: NX_P21741

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P21741

MDK Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (6 alternative transcripts):

NP_001012333.1 NP_001012334.1 NP_001257479.1 NP_001257480.1 NP_001257481.1 NP_002382.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000385451 ENSP00000416241 ENSP00000384824 ENSP00000432649 ENSP00000378936

ENSP00000378933 ENSP00000433240 ENSP00000384034 ENSP00000352852 ENSP00000378932

Human Recombinant Protein Products:

	EMD Millipore Purified and/or Recombinant MDK Protein
	R&D Systems Recombinant & Natural Proteins for MDK (Midkine)
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	OriGene Purified Proteins (see all 2): MDK OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate (see all 3): MDK OriGene Custom Protein Services for MDK
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for MDK
	Novus Biologicals MDK Proteins Novus Biologicals MDK Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for MDK
	Uscn Proteins for MDK

Gene Ontology (GO): 1 cellular component term (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005576	extracellular region	IEA	--

MDK for ontologies About GeneDecksing

MDK Antibody Products:

	Browse EMD Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
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	Novus Biologicals MDK Antibodies
	Abcam antibodies for MDK
	Uscn Antibodies for MDK
	ThermoFisher Antibodies for MDK

Assay Products for MDK:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	R&D Systems ELISAs for MDK (Midkine) (see all)
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for MDK
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for MDK

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

MDK for domains About GeneDecksing

5 InterPro domains/families:

IPR020089 PTN/MK_heparin-bd_GF_N_dom

IPR020091 PTN/MK_heparin-bd_GF_diS

IPR000762 Midkine_heparin-bd_GF

IPR020092 PTN_MK_heparin-bd_GF_CS

IPR020090 PTN/MK_heparin-bd_GF_C_dom

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P21741

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P21741

1 Blocks protein family: IPB000762 PTN/MK heparin-binding protein

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: MK_HUMAN, P21741

Similarity: Belongs to the pleiotrophin family

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: MK_HUMAN, P21741

Function: Developmentally regulated, secreted growth factor homologous to pleiotrophin (PTN), which has heparin binding

activity. Binds anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) which induces ALK activation and subsequent phosphorylation of the

insulin receptor substrate (IRS1), followed by the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and

PI3-kinase, and the induction of cell proliferation. Involved in neointima formation after arterial injury, possibly

by mediating leukocyte recruitment. Also involved in early fetal adrenal gland development (By similarity)

Induction: By heparin and retinoic acid

Genatlas biochemistry entry for MDK:

neurite growth promoting factor 2,retinoic acid responsive,heparin binding cytokine family

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 3): MDK Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
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		8/9 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate MDK (see all 9):
		hsa-miR-320a hsa-miR-4286 hsa-miR-188-5p hsa-miR-320d hsa-miR-124 hsa-miR-320b hsa-miR-656 hsa-miR-506

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: MDK 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for MDK (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: MDK OriGene siRNA: MDK
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Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for MDK

Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
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		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 3): MDK (NM_002391)
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Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for MDK
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In Situ Assay
Products:

Search Advanced Cell Diagnostics for RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for MDK

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0008083	growth factor activity	NAS	1639750
GO:0008201	heparin binding	IDA	9384573

MDK for ontologies           About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:
     Mouse knock-out Mdk^tm1Tmu for MDK
     11 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 1 allele) (MGI details for Mdk):

behavior/neurological	cardiovascular system	cellular	hearing/vestibular/ear	hematopoietic system
homeostasis/metabolism	immune system	liver/biliary system	nervous system	renal/urinary system
reproductive system

MDK for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/14 super-pathways (see all 14) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts

8/14 pathways (see all 14)
Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts	1.00	ERK5 Signaling	0.61
p53 Mediated Apoptosis	0.84	eIF2 Pathway	0.60
Mitochondrial Apoptosis	0.73	Rac1 Pathway	0.58
Telomerase Components in Cell Signaling	0.72	Nuclear Receptor Activation by Vitamin-A	0.57

GPCR Pathway

GPCR Pathway	1.00	Estrogen Pathway	0.55
Ras Pathway	0.62	Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma	0.55
Breast Cancer Regulation by Stathmin1	0.58	Paxillin Interactions	0.53
NFAT in Immune Response	0.58

Rho Family GTPases

Rho Family GTPases	1.00	MAPK Signaling	0.51
ERK Signaling	0.61	ILK Signaling	0.45
Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer	0.51

TGF-Beta Pathway

	TGF-Beta Pathway	1.00			JAK-STAT Pathway	0.57
	MAPK Family Pathway	0.60			JNK Pathway	0.50

Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency

	Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency	1.00			14-3-3 Induced Intracellular Signaling	0.59
	GSK3 Signaling	0.61			eNOS Signaling	0.48

5/54 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for MDK (see all 54)

	Nuclear Receptor Activation by Vitamin-A
	Paxillin Interactions
	Telomerase Components in Cell Signaling
	Mitochondrial Apoptosis
	Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer

2 BioSystems Pathways for MDK

	Syndecan-4-mediated signaling events
	Glypican 2 network

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for MDK

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 24)

5/27 Interacting proteins for MDK (P21741^{2, 3} ENSP00000352852⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 27)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
RPL18A	Q02543²^,³	MINT-64037 I2D: score=5
MAPK6	Q16659²^,³	MINT-8261428 I2D: score=2
UBQLN4	Q9NRR5²^,³, ENSP00000357292⁴	MINT-2860827 MINT-2860846 I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000357292
LRP1	Q07954³, ENSP00000243077⁴	I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000243077
NCL	P19338³, ENSP00000318195⁴	I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000318195

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/20 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 20): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000087	M phase of mitotic cell cycle	IEA	--
GO:0001662	behavioral fear response	IEA	--
GO:0007165	signal transduction	NAS	7835084
GO:0007399	nervous system development	NAS	9384573
GO:0007614	short-term memory	IEA	--

MDK for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

MDK for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for MDK

1 HMDB Compound for MDK About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
Heparin	Arteven (see all 17)	9005-49-6	--

6 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for MDK gene About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
heparan sulfate	42.4	3	16474431 (1), 11277697 (1), 12147681 (1)
retinoic acid	37.7	25	10931510 (7), 19698107 (4), 8434639 (2), 1768439 (1) (see all 5)
ganciclovir	29.4	4	11267987 (2), 10363587 (1)
bromodeoxyuridine	19.5	3	15734764 (2)
heparin	13	5	9562618 (4), 1768439 (1)
lipid	0	3	16474431 (1), 12147681 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about MDK / MK

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for MDK gene (6 alternative transcripts):

NM_001012333.2 NM_001012334.2 NM_001270550.1 NM_001270551.1 NM_001270552.1 NM_002391.4

Unigene Cluster for MDK:

Midkine (neurite growth-promoting factor 2)

Hs.82045 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: AK309963

13 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000405308 ENST00000441869 ENST00000490240 ENST00000405994 ENST00000533952

ENST00000395569(uc009yla.3) ENST00000395566(uc001ncp.3 uc009ylb.3)

ENST00000533283 ENST00000481047 ENST00000489525(uc009ykz.1) ENST00000407067

ENST00000359803(uc001nco.3) ENST00000395565(uc001ncq.3)

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 3): MDK Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat MDK
		8/9 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate MDK (see all 9):
		hsa-miR-320a hsa-miR-4286 hsa-miR-188-5p hsa-miR-320d hsa-miR-124 hsa-miR-320b hsa-miR-656 hsa-miR-506

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: MDK 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for MDK (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: MDK OriGene siRNA: MDK
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		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat MDK
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat MDK
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat MDK

Additional cDNA sequence:

AK130889.1 AK308210.1 AK309963.1 BC011704.2 DQ323888.1 DQ323889.1 DQ323890.1 M69148.1

NR_073039.1 X55110.1

15 DOTS entries:

DT.449955 DT.95337920 DT.101978137 DT.100809669 DT.95128982 DT.102837247 DT.95339012 DT.100809671

DT.100712006 DT.120714646 DT.100809661 DT.100809672 DT.102837249 DT.40228938 DT.92462040

24/359 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 359):

BE048096 BQ268091 CR590366 BM849536 BM761575 BM760288 BI523831 CB214980

BM750349 BM773261 CD105980 BQ426079 CA942334 CR602072 BM423353 CR624204

AK130889 BU737371 CA867040 N90030 C18016 BC011704 BE866790 CR601916

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/10 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for MDK (see all 10) About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	·	1c	·	1d	·	1e	·	1f	^	2a	·	2b	^	3	^	4	^	5a	·	5b	^	6a	·	6b	^	7a	·	7b	·	7c	·	7d	·	7e	·	7f
SP1:									-		-		-		-		-										-
SP2:											-		-		-		-										-
SP3:																	-										-
SP4:																											-
SP5:									-		-		-		-		-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for MDK

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

MDK expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: CCCTGCCTTG

About this image

MDK expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

5 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Lateral Plate Mesoderm

Embryonic Blood Islands

Angioblasts

Endothelium

Lateral Plate Mesoderm

Embryonic Capillary Plexus

Endothelium

Liver

Head Mesenchyme

Kidney

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

Stem Cell Differentiation: 3 LifeMap Cells

Name

Category

PureStem™ myogenic progenitor Z11 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

Heart, Myocardium, Smooth Muscle

PureStem™ progenitor RASMO12 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

Posterior foregut-like cells (A scalable, suspensi...)

See MDK Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for MDK

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.82045

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including MDK:

Neurogenesis in human mouse rat

Growth Factors in human mouse rat

Angiogenic Growth Factors in human mouse rat

Angiogenesis in human mouse rat

Inflammatory Response & Autoimmunity 384HT in human mouse rat

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for MDK Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
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		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat MDK

In Situ
Assay Products:

Search Advanced Cell Diagnostics for RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for MDK

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for MDK gene from 4/9 species (see all 9) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	MDK¹	midkine (neurite growth-promoting factor 2)	74(n) 64.54(a)		423196 NM_001113289.1 NP_001106760.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	MDK⁶	--	67(a)	1 ↔ 1	1(42613105-42620214)
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	Xl.899²	Xenopus laevis mRNA for pleiotrophic factor-alpha2, more	78.56(n)		D42057.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	mdka²	midkine-related growth factor	77.35(n)		30277 AF149802.1

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for MDK (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for MDK (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for MDK gene

PTN²

1 SIMAP similar gene for MDK using alignment to 7 protein entries: MK_HUMAN (see all proteins):

PTN

MDK for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 11 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs150701212^1,2		--	46400406(+)	`AGAGGC/TAACTC`	8	--	int¹ us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs116789080^1,2	F,	--	46400411(+)	`CAACTC/TAGGAG`	8	--	int¹ us2k¹		1		WA	118
rs199524364^1,2		--	46401157(+)	`CACCAA/GCCAAA`	9	--	int¹ us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs199969245^1,2	F	--	46401527(+)	`GGACAA/GTGCGG`	14	--	us2k¹ ut3¹		1		EU	201
rs182846843^1,2		--	46401539(+)	`CAGGGA/GACGAG`	14	--	ut3¹ us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs188945658^1,2		--	46401650(+)	`CAGACC/TTAGGG`	14	--	us2k¹ ut3¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs12575807^1,2	H	--	46401735(+)	`AGACAC/TGGCTG`	14	--	ut3¹ us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs193240939^1,2		--	46401870(+)	`TCTTCA/GGCCGG`	14	--	ut3¹ us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs114912367^1,2	F,	--	46402141(+)	`ACAAGC/TAGCGG`	14	--	us2k¹ ds500¹ int¹		1		WA	118
rs183273663^1,2		--	46402292(+)	`GGGGCA/GGGGCC`	14	--	ds500¹ int¹ us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for MDK (46402306 - 46405375 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for MDK: --

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

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(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

MDK for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 162096    OMIM disorders: --

20/49 diseases for MDK (see all 49):    About MalaCards

periapical granuloma squamous cell carcinoma soft tissue sarcoma gastrointestinal stromal tumor

herpes simplex laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma alcohol abuse oral squamous cell carcinoma

esophageal squamous cell carcinoma acute lymphoblastic leukemia lymphoblastic leukemia ulcerative colitis

myocardial infarction malignant glioma multiple myeloma hepatocellular carcinoma

laryngitis rheumatoid arthritis papillary carcinoma gastric cancer

1 disease from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for MDK:

Cancer

10/11 Novoseek disease relationships for MDK gene (see all 11) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
gastric cancer	28.3	16	17484808 (4), 19250738 (4), 17665317 (1), 8434639 (1)
carcinoma	23.9	8	10408712 (3), 11731432 (1), 17484808 (1), 8434639 (1) (see all 5)
hepatocellular carcinoma	22.3	1	11977631 (1)
tumors	16	26	11731432 (4), 17484808 (4), 11267987 (4), 8434639 (3) (see all 10)
herpes simplex	9.71	2	11267987 (1), 10363587 (1)
inflammation	0	3	17607302 (2), 9562618 (1)
breast cancer	0	3	9065593 (2), 8434639 (1)
adenocarcinoma	0	1	8434639 (1)
metastasis	0	3	11977631 (2)
hiv infections	0	1	16474431 (1)

Genetic Association Database (GAD): MDK
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: MDK (1 document)

Export disorders for MDK gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for MDK gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 137):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with MDK)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Cloning, characterization and developmental regulation of two members of a novel human gene family of neurite outgrowth-promoting proteins. (PubMed id 1768439)^{1, 2, 9} Kretschmer P.J.... Kovesdi I. (1991)
Amphiregulin-associated protein: complete amino acid sequence of a protein produced by the 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-treated human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7. (PubMed id 1883381)^{1, 2, 9} Shoyab M.... Plowman G.D. (1991)
Midkine gene (MDK), a gene for prenatal differentiation and neuroregulation, maps to band 11p11.2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. (PubMed id 8406506)^{1, 3, 9} Kaname T....Kajii T. (1993)
Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites. (PubMed id 15340161)^{1, 2} Zhang Z. and Henzel W.J. (2004)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Association of an intronic polymorphism in the midkine (MK) gene with human sporadic colorectal cancer. (PubMed id 12175547)^{1, 4} Ahmed K.M....Shinozawa T. (2002)
Midkine binds to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and acts as a growth factor for different cell types. (PubMed id 12122009)^{1, 2} Stoica G.E....Wellstein A. (2002)
Solution structure of midkine, a new heparin-binding growth factor. (PubMed id 9384573)^{1, 2} Iwasaki W.... Inagaki F. (1997)
Identification of novel heparin-releasable proteins, as well as the cytokines midkine and pleiotrophin, in human postheparin plasma. (PubMed id 8241100)^{1, 2} Novotny W.F.... Milner P.G. (1993)
Structure of the gene coding for the human retinoic acid-inducible factor, MK. (PubMed id 8471163)^{1, 2} Fairhurst J.L.... Kovesdi I. (1993)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section

		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 4192	HGNC: 6972	AceView: MDK	Ensembl:ENSG00000110492	euGenes: HUgn4192
ECgene: MDK	H-InvDB: MDK

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for MDK	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for MDK	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

Intellectual Property for MDK gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

About This Section

Patent Information for MDK gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving MDK

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

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