Aliases for MCU Gene
Aliases for MCU Gene
External Ids for MCU Gene
- HGNC: 23526
- Entrez Gene: 90550
- Ensembl: ENSG00000156026
- OMIM: 614197
- UniProtKB: Q8NE86
Previous HGNC Symbols for MCU Gene
- C10orf42
- CCDC109A
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for MCU Gene
- GC10P074452
Summaries for MCU Gene
-
This gene encodes a calcium transporter that localizes to the mitochondrial inner membrane. The encoded protein interacts with mitochondrial calcium uptake 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]
GeneCards Summary for MCU Gene
MCU (Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with MCU include Acute Cystitis and Bladder Disease. Among its related pathways are Ca, cAMP and Lipid Signaling. GO annotations related to this gene include identical protein binding and uniporter activity. An important paralog of this gene is CCDC109B.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for MCU Gene
-
Mitochondrial inner membrane calcium uniporter that mediates calcium uptake into mitochondria. Mitochondrial calcium homeostasis plays key roles in cellular physiology and regulates cell bioenergetics, cytoplasmic calcium signals and activation of cell death pathways (PubMed:21685888, PubMed:21685886, PubMed:23101630, PubMed:22904319, PubMed:23178883, PubMed:22829870, PubMed:22822213, PubMed:24332854, PubMed:26341627). Activity is regulated by MICU1 and MICU2. At low Ca(2+) levels MCU activity is down-regulated by MICU2; at higher Ca(2+) levels MICU1 increases MCU activity (PubMed:24560927). Regulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells by regulating mitochondrial calcium uptake (PubMed:22904319, PubMed:22829870). Involved in buffering the amplitude of systolic calcium rises in cardiomyocytes (PubMed:22822213).
No data available for Tocris Summary , Gene Wiki entry , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for MCU Gene
Genomics for MCU Gene
Regulatory Elements for MCU Gene
Enhancers for MCU Gene
| GeneHancer Identifier | Score | Enhancer Sources | TSS distance (kb) | Number of Genes Away | Size (kb) | Transcription Factor Binding Sites within enhancer | Other Gene Targets for Enhancer |
|---|
Enhancers around MCU on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
Promoters for MCU Gene
| Ensembl Regulatory Elements (ENSRs) | TSS Distance (bp) | Size (bp) | Binding Sites for Transcription Factors within promoters |
|---|
ENSRs around MCU on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Location for MCU Gene
- Chromosome:
- 10
- Start:
- 72,692,131 bp from pter
- End:
- 72,887,694 bp from pter
- Size:
- 195,564 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
Genomic View for MCU Gene
Genes around MCU on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 10q22.1 by Ensembl
- 10q22.1 by Entrez Gene
- 10q22.2 by HGNC
MCU Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for MCU Gene
Proteins for MCU Gene
-
Protein details for MCU Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- Q8NE86-MCU_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial
- Protein Accession:
- Q8NE86
- B2RDF3
- B3KXV7
- Q96FL3
Protein attributes for MCU Gene
- Size:
- 351 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 39867 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Component of the uniplex complex, composed of MCU, MCUB, MICU1, MICU2 and EMRE/SMDT1 (PubMed:24231807). Heterotetramer with CCDC109B/MCUB; this inhibits channel activity (By similarity). Homooligomer (PubMed:21685886, PubMed:26341627). Homotetramer. Interacts with MICU1; MICU1 acts as an essential regulator for MCU (PubMed:21685886, PubMed:23101630, PubMed:23178883, PubMed:24332854, PubMed:26341627). Interacts with MCUR1 (PubMed:23178883, PubMed:26341627). Interactions with MICU1 and MCUR1 are mutually exclusive (PubMed:23178883). Interacts with MICU2 (PubMed:26341627).
Protein Expression for MCU Gene
Post-translational modifications for MCU Gene
Other Protein References for MCU Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for MCU (MCU)
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for MCU
- Abcam antibodies for MCU
- Search GeneTex for Antibodies for MCU
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for MCU
Protein Products
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for MCU
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for MCU
- Origene Custom Protein Services for MCU
- antibodies-online Proteins for MCU: See all 3
- Search antibodies-online for peptides
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for MCU
- Abcam proteins for MCU
Assay Products
- antibodies-online Kits for MCU: See all 20
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for MCU Gene
Domains & Families for MCU Gene
Protein Domains for MCU Gene
- InterPro:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for MCU Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
Q8NE86UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:
MCU_HUMAN :- The N-terminal domain is required for efficient Ca(2+) uptake and for interaction with MCUR1. It is not required for targeting to the mitochondria, oligomerization, interaction with MICU1 and MICU2, or assembly of the uniplex complex.
- Belongs to the MCU (TC 1.A.77) family.
- Domain:
-
- The N-terminal domain is required for efficient Ca(2+) uptake and for interaction with MCUR1. It is not required for targeting to the mitochondria, oligomerization, interaction with MICU1 and MICU2, or assembly of the uniplex complex.
- Family:
-
- Belongs to the MCU (TC 1.A.77) family.
No data available for Gene Families for MCU Gene
Function for MCU Gene
Molecular function for MCU Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Mitochondrial inner membrane calcium uniporter that mediates calcium uptake into mitochondria. Mitochondrial calcium homeostasis plays key roles in cellular physiology and regulates cell bioenergetics, cytoplasmic calcium signals and activation of cell death pathways (PubMed:21685888, PubMed:21685886, PubMed:23101630, PubMed:22904319, PubMed:23178883, PubMed:22829870, PubMed:22822213, PubMed:24332854, PubMed:26341627). Activity is regulated by MICU1 and MICU2. At low Ca(2+) levels MCU activity is down-regulated by MICU2; at higher Ca(2+) levels MICU1 increases MCU activity (PubMed:24560927). Regulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells by regulating mitochondrial calcium uptake (PubMed:22904319, PubMed:22829870). Involved in buffering the amplitude of systolic calcium rises in cardiomyocytes (PubMed:22822213).
Phenotypes for MCU Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for MCU:
- inferred from 2 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for MCU:
Animal Models for MCU Gene
- MGI Knock Outs for MCU:
-
- Mcu tm1b(EUCOMM)Hmgu
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for MCU gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for MCU gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for MCU
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for MCU
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for MCU
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for MCU
miRNA for MCU Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target MCU
-
- hsa-mir-16-5p (MIRT005270)
- hsa-mir-10a-5p (MIRT047735)
- hsa-mir-23a-3p (MIRT050443)
- hsa-mir-629-3p (MIRT656377)
- hsa-mir-3977 (MIRT656378)
- hsa-mir-519e-5p (MIRT656379)
- hsa-mir-515-5p (MIRT656380)
- hsa-mir-6749-3p (MIRT656381)
- hsa-mir-623 (MIRT656382)
- hsa-mir-3156-3p (MIRT656383)
- hsa-mir-1260b (MIRT656384)
- hsa-mir-1260a (MIRT656385)
- hsa-mir-188-3p (MIRT656386)
- hsa-mir-6852-3p (MIRT656387)
- hsa-mir-3909 (MIRT656388)
- hsa-mir-7162-5p (MIRT656389)
- hsa-mir-516b-3p (MIRT656390)
- hsa-mir-516a-3p (MIRT656391)
- hsa-mir-2115-5p (MIRT656392)
- hsa-mir-4685-3p (MIRT656393)
- hsa-mir-4287 (MIRT656394)
- hsa-mir-4469 (MIRT656395)
- hsa-mir-136-5p (MIRT656396)
- hsa-mir-6780b-3p (MIRT656397)
- hsa-mir-4780 (MIRT656398)
- hsa-mir-4667-3p (MIRT656399)
- hsa-mir-1470 (MIRT656400)
- hsa-mir-4716-5p (MIRT656401)
- hsa-mir-362-3p (MIRT656402)
- hsa-mir-329-3p (MIRT656403)
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for MCU
Clone Products
- OriGene clones in human for MCU
- OriGene ORF clones in human,mouse,rat for MCU
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
- Addgene plasmids for MCU
Cell Line Products
-
ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for MCU gene
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for MCU gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for MCU gene
Flow Cytometry Products
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function , Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for MCU Gene
Localization for MCU Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for MCU Gene
- Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| mitochondrion | 5 |
| cytosol | 2 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 2 |
| plasma membrane | 2 |
| extracellular | 1 |
| golgi apparatus | 1 |
| nucleus | 1 |
| peroxisome | 1 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0016021 | integral component of membrane | IEA | -- |
| GO:0031305 | integral component of mitochondrial inner membrane | IDA | 24231807 |
| GO:0034704 | calcium channel complex | ISS | -- |
Pathways & Interactions for MCU Gene
More details on SuperPathways for MCU| Superpath | Contained pathways | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ca, cAMP and Lipid Signaling |
Pathways by source for MCU Gene
1 Cell Signaling Technology pathway for MCU Gene
Interacting Proteins for MCU Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006851 | mitochondrial calcium ion transport | IMP | 21685886 |
| GO:0019722 | calcium-mediated signaling | IDA | 21685886 |
| GO:0035786 | protein complex oligomerization | IDA | 21685886 |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for MCU Gene
Transcripts for MCU Gene
mRNA/cDNA for MCU Gene
- (3) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (10) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (138) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (11) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
Unigene Clusters for MCU Gene
- Mitochondrial calcium uniporter:
- Representative Sequences:
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for MCU
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for MCU
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for MCU
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for MCU
Clone Products
- OriGene clones in human for MCU
- OriGene ORF clones in human,mouse,rat for MCU
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
- Addgene plasmids for MCU
Flow Cytometry Products
| ExUns: | 1 | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4 | ^ | 5 | ^ | 6 | ^ | 7a | · | 7b | ^ | 8 | ^ | 9a | · | 9b | ^ | 10 | ^ | 11a | · | 11b | · | 11c | ^ | 12 | ^ | 13a | · | 13b | ^ | 14 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP4: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP5: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP6: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP7: | - | - |
Expression for MCU Gene
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for MCU Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Muscle - Skeletal (x4.4).
This gene is overexpressed in Nasal epithelium (53.8).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, MOPED, and MaxQB for MCU Gene
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for MCU Gene Hs.591366
- Elite partner
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for MCU
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for MCU
No data available for mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery and mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for MCU Gene
Orthologs for MCU Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | MCU 35 |
|
||
| MCU 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | MCU 35 |
|
||
| MCU 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Mcu 35 |
|
||
| Mcu 16 |
|
||||
| Mcu 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | MCU 35 |
|
||
| MCU 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Mcu 35 |
|
||
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | MCU 36 |
|
OneToOne | |
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | MCU 36 |
|
OneToOne | |
| chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | MCU 35 |
|
||
| MCU 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | MCU 36 |
|
OneToOne | |
| tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | mcu 35 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | mcu 35 |
|
||
| mcu 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) |
Insecta | AgaP_AGAP006330 35 |
|
||
| fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | CG18769 35 |
|
||
| CG18769 36 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | mcu-1 35 |
|
||
| mcu-1 36 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| sea squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | -- 36 |
|
OneToMany |
- Species with no ortholog for MCU:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Paralogs for MCU Gene
(1) SIMAP similar genes for MCU Gene using alignment to 6 proteins:
Variants for MCU Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 10 pos | Sequence Context | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1867650 | -- | 72,763,268(-) | aaaat(A/G)tgtcc | intron-variant | |
| rs1867651 | -- | 72,763,201(-) | acaga(C/T)gtggc | intron-variant | |
| rs1867652 | -- | 72,708,949(-) | CTTAC(C/T)GCAGC | intron-variant | |
| rs3009546 | -- | 72,724,356(-) | TTTTA(A/C/G)AAGAA | intron-variant | |
| rs3009547 | -- | 72,722,365(-) | CATCT(A/G)GTTCA | intron-variant |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
40.8% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
1.35;
26.79% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Relevant External Links for MCU Gene
Disorders for MCU Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| acute cystitis |
|
|
| bladder disease |
|
|
| urethral diverticulum |
|
|
| bladder diverticulum |
|
|
| ureteral disease |
|
|
Search MCU in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Relevant External Links for MCU
- Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology:
- MCU
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for MCU Gene
Publications for MCU Gene
- A forty-kilodalton protein of the inner membrane is the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. (PMID: 21685888) De Stefani D. … Rizzuto R. (Nature 2011) 2 3 4 67
- Integrative genomics identifies MCU as an essential component of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. (PMID: 21685886) Baughman J.M. … Mootha V.K. (Nature 2011) 2 3
- Mitochondrial CaA^a8_ uniporter is critical for store-operated CaA^a8_ entry-dependent breast cancer cell migration. (PMID: 25640838) Tang S. … Zou F. (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2015) 3
- Mitochondrial calcium uniporter protein MCU is involved in oxidative stress-induced cell death. (PMID: 25753332) Liao Y. … Cheng J. (Protein Cell 2015) 3
- Loss of heterozygosity at the calcium regulation gene locus on chromosome 10q in human pancreatic cancer. (PMID: 25824785) Long J. … Ge C.L. (Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 2015) 3
Products for MCU Gene
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- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for MCU
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- Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for MCU (MCU)
- Search for Antibodies & Assays
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for MCU
- Novus Biologicals proteins and lysates for MCU
- Novus Biologicals
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- Search for Assays for MCU at Abcam
- Find your target
- Search knockout validated antibodies
- Browse monoclonal antibodies
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
- Addgene plasmids for MCU
- Search antibodies-online for antibodies
- antibodies-online Kits for MCU: See all 20
- antibodies-online Proteins for MCU: See all 3
- Search antibodies-online for peptides
- Search GeneTex for Antibodies for MCU
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for MCU
- ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for MCU gene
- ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for MCU gene
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- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for MCU gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for MCU gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for MCU gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for MCU
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- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for MCU
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- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for MCU
Sources for MCU Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) I2D
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25) DrugBank
- (26) HMDB
- (27) UniGene
- (28) AceView
- (29) RNAdb
- (30) ASD
- (31) ECgene
- (32) GeneAnnot
- (33) SAGE
- (34) SOURCE
- (35) HomoloGene
- (36) PanEnsembl
- (37) euGenes
- (38) SGD
- (39) FlyBase
- (40) WormBase
- (41) Pseudogene
- (42) DGV
- (43) dbSNP
- (44) HapMap
- (45) GenAtlas
- (46) GeneTests
- (47) HGMD
- (48) GAD
- (49) LSDB
- (50) BGMUT
- (51) HuGE
- (52) eBioscience
- (53) Atlas
- (54) Cell Signaling Technology
- (55) GenBank
- (56) H-invDB
- (57) HORDE
- (58) HUGE
- (59) IMGT
- (60) Leiden
- (61) MILLIPORE
- (62) miRBase
- (63) DME
- (64) Nature
- (65) NCBI
- (66) OriGene
- (67) PubMed
- (68) R&D Systems
- (69) Salk
- (70) TGDB
- (71) Tufts
- (72) YEDA
- (73) CROW21
- (74) Tocris
- (75) Abcam
- (76) Novus
- (77) ProSpec
- (78) Sino Biological
- (79) GenScript
- (80) Qiagen
- (81) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (82) Enzo Life Sciences
- (83) OCA
- (84) Proteopedia
- (85) MOPED
- (86) SPIRE
- (87) neXtProt
- (88) Reactome
- (89) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (90) fRNAdb
- (91) DISEASES
- (92) SIMAP
- (93) GenomeRNAi
- (94) LifeMap
- (95) miRTarBase
- (96) MalaCards
- (97) Invitrogen
- (98) BitterDB
- (99) Vector BioLabs
- (100) ESI-BIO
- (101) RefSeq
- (102) BioSystems
- (103) MaxQB
- (104) IUPHAR
- (105) BioGPS
- (106) Illumina
- (107) COMPARTMENTS
- (108) HOMER
- (109) PaxDb
- (110) ApexBio
- (111) Addgene
- (112) Advanced Cell Diagnostics
- (113) antibodies-online
- (114) CYP
- (115) NONCODE
- (116) SwitchGear Genomics
- (117) TreeFam
- (118) PathCards
- (119) GeneReviews
- (120) GeneTex
- (121) Taconic Biosciences
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