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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

MAPT Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 72
GCID: GC17P043971

microtubule-associated protein tau


(Previous symbols: DDPAC, MAPTL)
 Explore 115 diseases affiliated with
MAPT via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for MAPT    

Aliases
for MAPT gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau1 2     PPND1 2
MTBT11 2 3 5     Neurofibrillary Tangle Protein2 3
MAPTL1 2 3     Paired Helical Filament-Tau2 3
TAU1 2 3     PHF-Tau1
DDPAC1 2 5     FLJ314241
MSTD1 2 5     MGC1385491
FTDP-171 2     Tau1
MTBT21 2     G Protein Beta1/Gamma2 Subunit-Interacting Factor 12

External Ids:    HGNC: 68931   Entrez Gene: 41372   Ensembl: ENSG000001868687   OMIM: 1571405   UniProtKB: P106363   

Export aliases for MAPT gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC17P043566 GC17P046217 GC17P043982 GC17P044447 GC17P041327 GC17P039635


Summaries
for MAPT gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for MAPT:
This gene encodes the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) whose transcript undergoes complex, regulated
alternative splicing, giving rise to several mRNA species. MAPT transcripts are differentially expressed in the
nervous system, depending on stage of neuronal maturation and neuron type. MAPT gene mutations have been associated
with several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, frontotemporal dementia,
cortico-basal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TAU_HUMAN, P10636
Function: Promotes microtubule assembly and stability, and might be involved in the establishment and maintenance of
neuronal polarity. The C-terminus binds axonal microtubules while the N-terminus binds neural plasma membrane
components, suggesting that tau functions as a linker protein between both. Axonal polarity is predetermined by
TAU/MAPT localization (in the neuronal cell) in the domain of the cell body defined by the centrosome. The short
isoforms allow plasticity of the cytoskeleton whereas the longer isoforms may preferentially play a role in its
stabilization

Gene Wiki entry for MAPT (Tau protein)


Genomic Views
for MAPT gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000017.10  NC_018928.1  NT_010783.15  NT_167251.1  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the MAPT gene promoter:
         CREB   ATF-2   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: MAPT promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for MAPT

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat MAPT


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 17q21.1   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  17q21.31   HGNC cytogenetic band: 17q21

MAPT Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
MAPT gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 17         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC17P043971:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 43,971,748 bp from pter      End:
 44,105,700 bp from pter
Size:
 133,953 bases      Orientation:
 plus strand

1 alternative location:
Chr17-,ALT_REF_LOCI_9 44,071,113-44,280,402     

Proteins
for MAPT gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TAU_HUMAN, P10636 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Microtubule-associated protein tau  
Size: 758 amino acids; 78928 Da
Subunit: Interacts with PSMC2 through SQSTM1 (By similarity). Interacts with SQSTM1 when polyubiquitinated. Interacts
with FKBP4 (By similarity). Binds to CSNK1D. Interacts with SGK1
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm, cytosol. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Cytoplasm,
cytoskeleton. Cell projection, axon. Note=Mostly found in the axons of neurons, in the cytosol and in association with
plasma membrane components
Developmental stage: Four-repeat (type II) TAU/MAPT is expressed in an adult-specific manner and is not found in fetal
brain, whereas three-repeat (type I) TAU/MAPT is found in both adult and fetal brain
4 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for MAPT:
1I8H (3D)        3FQP (3D)        3OVL (3D)        4GLR (3D)    
Secondary accessions: P18518 Q14799 Q15549 Q15550 Q15551 Q1RMF6 Q53YB1 Q5CZI7 Q5XWF0 Q6QT54 Q9UDJ3
Q9UMH0 Q9UQ96
Alternative splicing: 9 isoforms:  P10636-1   P10636-2   P10636-3   P10636-4   P10636-5   P10636-6   P10636-7   P10636-8   
P10636-9   (No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for MAPT: NX_P10636

Post-translational modifications:

  • Phosphorylation at serine and threonine residues in S-P or T-P motifs by proline-directed protein kinases (PDPK1: CDK1,
    • CDK5, GSK3, MAPK) (only 2-3 sites per protein in interphase, seven-fold increase in mitosis, and in the form
    associated with paired helical filaments (PHF-tau)), and at serine residues in K-X-G-S motifs by MAP/microtubule
    affinity-regulating kinase (MARK1 or MARK2), causing detachment from microtubules, and their disassembly.
    Phosphorylation decreases with age. Phosphorylation within tau/MAP's repeat domain or in flanking regions seems to
    reduce tAU/MAP's interaction with, respectively, microtubules or plasma membrane components. Phosphorylation on
    Ser-610, Ser-622, Ser-641 and Ser-673 in several isoforms during mitosis. Phosphorylation at Ser-548 by GSK3B reduces
    ability to bind and stabilize microtubules. Phosphorylation at Ser-579 by BRSK1 and BRSK2 in neurons affects ability
    to bind microtubules and plays a role in neuron polarization. Phosphorylated at Ser-554, Ser-579, Ser-602, Ser-606 and
    Ser-669 by PHK. Phosphorylation at Ser-214 by SGK1 mediates microtubule depolymerization and neurite formation in
    hippocampal neurons. There is a reciprocal down-regulation of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation. Phosphorylation on
    Ser-717 completely abolishes the O-GlcNAcylation on this site, while phosphorylation on Ser-713 and Ser-721 reduces
    glycosylation by a factor of 2 and 4 respectively. Phosphorylation on Ser-721 is reduced by about 41.5% by
    GlcNAcylation on Ser-7171
  • Polyubiquitinated. Requires functional TRAF6 and may provoke SQSTM1-dependent degradation by the proteasome (By
    • similarity). PHF-tau can be modified by three different forms of polyubiquitination. 'Lys-48'-linked
    polyubiquitination is the major form, 'Lys-6'-linked and 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitination also occur1
  • O-glycosylated. O-GlcNAcylation content is around 8.2%. There is reciprocal down-regulation of phosphorylation and
    • O-GlcNAcylation. Phosphorylation on Ser-717 completely abolishes the O-GlcNAcylation on this site, while
    phosphorylation on Ser-713 and Ser-721 reduces O-GlcNAcylation by a factor of 2 and 4 respectively. O-GlcNAcylation on
    Ser-717 decreases the phosphorylation on Ser-721 by about 41.5%1
  • Glycation of PHF-tau, but not normal brain TAU/MAPT. Glycation is a non-enzymatic post-translational modification that
    • involves a covalent linkage between a sugar and an amino group of a protein molecule forming ketoamine. Subsequent
    oxidation, fragmentation and/or cross-linking of ketoamine leads to the production of advanced glycation endproducts
    (AGES). Glycation may play a role in stabilizing PHF aggregation leading to tangle formation in AD1
  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P10636

    • MAPT Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins (8 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_001116538.2  NP_001116539.1  NP_001190180.1  NP_001190181.1  NP_005901.2  NP_058518.1  NP_058519.3  NP_058525.1  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000460048   ENSP00000334886   ENSP00000408975   ENSP00000413056   ENSP00000410838  
     ENSP00000458742   ENSP00000460965   ENSP00000389250   ENSP00000458621   ENSP00000340820  
     ENSP00000262410   ENSP00000303214   ENSP00000340438   ENSP00000443028   ENSP00000302706  
    Reactome Protein details: P10636
    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
    EMD Millipore Purified and/or Recombinant MAPT Protein
    Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
    Enzo Life Sciences proteins for MAPT
    OriGene Purified Proteins (see all 3): MAPT
    OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate (see all 6): MAPT
    OriGene Custom Protein Services for MAPT 
    GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for MAPT
    Novus Biologicals MAPT Proteins
    Novus Biologicals MAPT Lysates
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    ProSpec Recombinant Protein for MAPT
    Uscn Proteins for MAPT

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/11 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 11):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005634nucleus ----
    GO:0005737cytoplasm ----
    GO:0005829cytosol TAS--
    GO:0005874microtubule IEA--
    GO:0005875microtubule associated complex TAS10747907


    MAPT for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    MAPT Antibody Products: 
    EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of MAPT
    R&D Systems Antibodies for MAPT (Tau)
    Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for MAPT  (tau iso8)
    OriGene Antibodies (see all 14): MAPT
    OriGene Custom Antibody Services for MAPT 
    GenScript Superior Antibodies for MAPT
    Novus Biologicals MAPT Antibodies
    Abcam antibodies for MAPT 
    Uscn Antibodies for MAPT
    ThermoFisher Antibody for MAPT

    Assay Products for MAPT: 
    EMD Millipore Kits and Assays for the Analysis of MAPT
    OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development
    Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
    Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
    GenScript Custom Assay Services for MAPT
    Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for MAPT

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for MAPT gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    MAPT for domains           About GeneDecksing

    2 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR002955 Tau_protein
     IPR001084 Tau/MAP_tubulin-bd_rpt

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P10636

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P10636

    2 Blocks protein families:
    IPB001084 Tubulin-binding Tau protein
    IPB002955 Tau protein signature


    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TAU_HUMAN, P10636
    Domain: The tau/MAP repeat binds to tubulin. Type I isoforms contain 3 repeats while type II isoforms contain 4 repeats
    Similarity: Contains 4 Tau/MAP repeats


    Function
    for MAPT gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TAU_HUMAN, P10636
    Function: Promotes microtubule assembly and stability, and might be involved in the establishment and maintenance of
    neuronal polarity. The C-terminus binds axonal microtubules while the N-terminus binds neural plasma membrane
    components, suggesting that tau functions as a linker protein between both. Axonal polarity is predetermined by
    TAU/MAPT localization (in the neuronal cell) in the domain of the cell body defined by the centrosome. The short
    isoforms allow plasticity of the cytoskeleton whereas the longer isoforms may preferentially play a role in its
    stabilization

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for MAPT:
    microtubule (beta) associated protein tau 1,primary component of paired helical filaments with six alternatively
    spliced forms in normal adult brain,regulating the transport of vesicles or organelles along
    microtubules,phosphorylated by CDK5 and other kinases with decrease of affinity for microtubules,forming tangles of
    paired helical filaments (PHF) consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau protein observed in Alzheimer disease (triplet
    PHF-tau),overexpressed in extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma and chordoma

    miRNA
    Products:            		 OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 6): MAPT
    Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat MAPT
    8/62 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate MAPT (see all 62):
    hsa-miR-579 hsa-miR-582-3p hsa-miR-513a-5p hsa-miR-146a hsa-miR-3616-5p hsa-miR-219-5p hsa-miR-759 hsa-miR-766
    Browse SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:            		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for MAPT (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: MAPT
    OriGene siRNA: MAPT
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat MAPT

    Gene Editing
    Products:    		DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for MAPT

    Clone
    Products:             		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for MAPT (see all 9)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for MAPT (see all 7)
    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 8): MAPT (NM_001203251)
    Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for MAPT
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for MAPT
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat MAPT 

    Cell Line
    Products:             		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for MAPT
    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for MAPT

    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for MAPT

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/9 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 9):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005200structural constituent of cytoskeleton TAS2498079
    GO:0005515protein binding IPI16446437
    GO:0008017microtubule binding IDA1918161
    GO:0015631tubulin binding ----
    GO:0017124SH3 domain binding IPI9763511


    MAPT for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-outs for MAPT: Mapttm1Aha Mapttm1Noh Mapttm1Hnd
         15/16 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 19 alleles) (MGI details for Mapt) (see all 16):
     behavior/neurological  cellular  growth/size  hematopoietic system  immune system 
     integument  mortality/aging  muscle  nervous system  no phenotypic analysis 
     normal  other  renal/urinary system  taste/olfaction  tumorigenesis 

    MAPT for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    Pathways & Interactions
    for MAPT gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/19 super-pathways (see all 19) About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Apoptotic cleavage of cellular proteins
    		Apoptotic cleavage of cellular proteins1.00
    		Caspase-mediated cleavage of cytoskeletal proteins0.32
    		Apoptotic execution phase0.73
    2Cytoskeleton remodeling_Reverse signaling by ephrin B
    		Cytoskeleton remodeling_Reverse signaling by ephrin B1.00
    		Cytoskeleton remodeling Reverse signaling by ephrin B0.94
    3Cytoskeleton remodeling Slit-Robo signaling
    		Cytoskeleton remodeling Slit-Robo signaling1.00
    		Development_Slit-Robo signaling0.92
    4Neurophysiological process Receptor-mediated axon growth repulsion
    		Neurophysiological process Receptor-mediated axon growth repulsion1.00
    		Neurophysiological process_Receptor-mediated axon growth repulsion0.94
    5Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway
    		Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway1.00
    		Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway0.99

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways

    4 EMD Millipore Pathways for MAPT
        Neurophysiological process Receptor-mediated axon growth repulsion
    Cytoskeleton remodeling Slit-Robo signaling
    Cytoplasmic microtubules
    Cytoskeleton remodeling Reverse signaling by ephrin B

    5 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for MAPT
        DHA Signaling
    Reelin Pathway (Cajal-Retzius cells)
    Alzheimers Disease Pathway
    CDK5 Pathway
    14-3-3 Induced Intracellular Signaling

    1 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathway for MAPT
        Neuroscience

    3 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for MAPT
        Neurophysiological process Receptor-mediated axon growth repulsion
    Development Slit-Robo signaling
    Cytoskeleton remodeling Reverse signaling by ephrin B

    5/7 BioSystems Pathways for MAPT (see all 7) 
        MAPK signaling pathway
    IL-6 Signaling Pathway
    Alzheimers Disease
    Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway
    Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway

    4        Reactome Pathways for MAPT
        Apoptotic execution phase
    Apoptotic cleavage of cellular proteins
    Caspase-mediated cleavage of cytoskeletal proteins
    Apoptosis

    1 PharmGKB Pathway for MAPT
        Taxane Pathway, Pharmacokinetics

    2         Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for MAPT):
        MAPK signaling pathway
    Alzheimer's disease


    MAPT for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for MAPT

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

    5/86 Interacting proteins for MAPT (P106361, 2, 3 ENSP000003408204) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 86)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    YWHAZP631042, 3, ENSP000003095034MINT-8009131 MINT-7233346 MINT-7233334 MINT-7233310 MINT-8009145 MINT-7233285 MINT-8009138 MINT-8008750 MINT-7233372 MINT-7233358 MINT-7233384 MINT-7233323 MINT-7233297 I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000309503
    GSK3BP498412, 3, ENSP000003248064MINT-3974171 MINT-8211409 MINT-8211397 MINT-8211467 MINT-8210275 MINT-3974216 MINT-8211419 I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000324806
    FYNP062412, 3, ENSP000003576564MINT-7212444 MINT-7212427 MINT-8187055 I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000357656
    AATFQ9NY612, 3, ENSP000002254024MINT-49642 MINT-49641 I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000225402
    RPS6KB1P234432, 3, ENSP000002255774MINT-74872 MINT-74874 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000225577
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/15 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 15):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0000226microtubule cytoskeleton organization IDA1057175
    GO:0001764neuron migration IEA--
    GO:0006915apoptotic process TAS--
    GO:0006921cellular component disassembly involved in execution phase of apoptosis TAS--
    GO:0007409axonogenesis ----


    MAPT for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for MAPT gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    MAPT for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for MAPT
    10/103 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for MAPT gene (see all 103)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    glycogen 75.5 236 8809831 (5), 15075227 (4), 16951581 (3), 9666118 (3) (see all 99)
    ammonium polyphosphate 65.8 7 8797796 (3), 16877359 (1), 9839715 (1)
    thioflavine s 64.9 10 1759562 (2), 10446806 (1), 15814784 (1), 20448485 (1) (see all 7)
    okadaic acid 61.2 87 8494335 (4), 7723735 (4), 8414191 (3), 7693894 (3) (see all 39)
    thioflavin 60.7 6 19266322 (2), 17082178 (1), 14975751 (1)
    map4 59.4 9 15642108 (2), 1905296 (1), 7854050 (1), 9144194 (1) (see all 8)
    threonine 49.9 32 15913839 (2), 17362433 (1), 9736660 (1), 11078890 (1) (see all 22)
    silver 47.4 29 9708963 (2), 10768809 (2), 7692696 (1), 7521944 (1) (see all 21)
    serine 44.9 49 8486651 (3), 9079670 (2), 9199504 (2), 15913839 (2) (see all 33)
    maltolate 39.4 1 9401741 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about MAPT / TAU 

    Transcripts
    for MAPT gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for MAPT gene (8 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_001123066.3  NM_001123067.3  NM_001203251.1  NM_001203252.1  NM_005910.5  NM_016834.4  NM_016835.4  NM_016841.4  

    Unigene Cluster for MAPT:

    Microtubule-associated protein tau
    Hs.101174  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_001123066
    18/19 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant (see all 19):
    ENST00000571311 ENST00000570299 ENST00000334239 ENST00000446361 ENST00000420682
    ENST00000415613 ENST00000571987 ENST00000574436 ENST00000431008 ENST00000576518
    ENST00000572440 ENST00000576238(uc021tyx.1) ENST00000577017 ENST00000344290(uc010dau.3)
    ENST00000262410(uc002ijr.4) ENST00000351559(uc002ijs.4) ENST00000340799(uc002ijx.4 uc002ijt.4)
    ENST00000535772(uc021tyv.1 uc021tyw.1 uc002iju.4)

    miRNA
    Products:             		 OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 6): MAPT
    Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat MAPT
    8/62 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate MAPT (see all 62):
    hsa-miR-579 hsa-miR-582-3p hsa-miR-513a-5p hsa-miR-146a hsa-miR-3616-5p hsa-miR-219-5p hsa-miR-759 hsa-miR-766
    Browse SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids
    Inhib. RNA
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AB073354.1 AF456477.1 AK055986.1 AK095802.1 AK299658.1 AK299704.1 AY526356.1 AY730549.1 
    BC000558.2 BC032572.1 BC040444.1 BC061892.1 BC071830.1 BC094805.1 BC098281.1 BC099721.1 
    BC101936.1 BC114504.1 BC114948.1 BT006772.1 J03778.1 X14474.1 

    19 DOTS entries:

    DT.100836823  DT.415460  DT.97813963  DT.100836827  DT.100000370  DT.100836820  DT.91775673  DT.100836816 
    DT.100836818  DT.75182379  DT.91775685  DT.100836817  DT.100836831  DT.95166690  DT.95166953  DT.95166983 
    DT.95193501  DT.91775667  DT.95176899 

    24/343 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 343):

    AA323128 AI276210 AI365507 AL353965 AI273459 BU902265 AI650263 T17291 
    AA323145 AI985186 AI055848 CF455771 BM714407 F03259 BX420493 BM678652 
    BM668364 Z38934 CR623207 BG911100 BI117966 BG056178 BM722070 X14474 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5/7 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for MAPT (see all 7)    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1a · 1b · 1c ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5 ^ 6a · 6b ^ 7 ^ 8 ^ 9 ^ 10 ^ 11 ^ 12 ^ 13 ^ 14a · 14b ^ 15a · 15b
    SP1:                                      -                                                                                 
    SP2:                          -           -     -     -           -           -                                             
    SP3:                    -     -           -     -     -           -           -                                             
    SP4:                    -     -           -     -     -           -           -           -                                 
    SP5:                          -     -     -     -     -           -           -           -                                 


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for MAPT

    Expression
    for MAPT gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    MAPT expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: AAATCATCTT

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    MAPT expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    5 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells 
    Tissue Anatomical Compartment CellCategory (developmental path)
    AdiposeInterscapular Brown Adipose DepotAdipose
    BrainCerebral CortexBrain
    EyeRetinaEye
    KidneyS-shaped BodyKidney
    Neural TubeTelencephalonNeural Tube
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization

    See MAPT Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for MAPT

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.101174

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TAU_HUMAN, P10636
    Tissue specificity: Expressed in neurons. Isoform PNS-tau is expressed in the peripheral nervous system while the
    others are expressed in the central nervous system

        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including MAPT: 
              Parkinson's Disease in human mouse rat
              Cytoskeleton Regulators in human mouse rat
              Alzheimer's Disease in human mouse rat

    Primer
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    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
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    Orthologs
    for MAPT gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

    Orthologs for MAPT gene from 5/18 species (see all 18)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves MAPT1 microtubule-associated protein tau 78.85(n)
    85.94(a)    		   426737  NM_001199193.1  NP_001186122.1 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia MAPT6
    		 --
    		 76(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 6(66988964-67038336)
    African clawed frog
    (Xenopus laevis)    		 Amphibia AY032848.12   -- 77.54(n)    AY032848.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii BI981282.12   -- 74.26(n)    BI981282.1 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)    		 Insecta tau6
    		 tau
    		 24(a)
    		 1 → many
    		 3R(23466365-23482718)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for MAPT (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for MAPT (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for MAPT gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for MAPT gene
    MAP42  MAP22  
    3 SIMAP similar genes for MAPT using alignment to 7 protein entries:     TAU_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    4R-MAP2    DKFZp547H1810    MAP4

    MAPT for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    Genomic Variants
    for MAPT gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/2671 NCBI SNPs in MAPT are shown (see all 2671)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 17 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs637501291,2
    		Cpathogenic44073978(+) TGTCAA/CGTCCA 16 K T mis10--------
    rs637503761,2
    		Cpathogenic44074023(+) GGGAGG/TCGGGA 16 G V mis10--------
    rs637507561,2
    		Cpathogenic44087690(+) ATTAAG/TAAGAA 13 K N mis1 int10--------
    rs637509121,2
    		Cpathogenic44087741(+) GATAAC/TATCAA 13 N syn1 int10--------
    rs637514381,2
    		Cpathogenic44087754(+) ACGTCA/C/TCGGGA 18 T P S mis1 int10--------
    rs637512731,2
    		Cpathogenic44087755(+) CGTCCC/TGGGAG 13 P L mis1 int10--------
    rs637513911,2
    		Cpathogenic44087761(+) GGGAGG/TCGGCA 13 G V mis1 int10--------
    rs637511651,2
    		Cpathogenic44087767(+) CGGCAA/GTGTGA 13 N S mis1 int10--------
    rs637500921,2
    		Cpathogenic44091643(+) GAGCAA/TGGTGA 16 K M mis10--------
    rs637506351,2
    		Cpathogenic44091652(+) GACCTC/TCAAGT 16 S F mis10--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for MAPT (43971748 - 44105700 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 12 variations for MAPT
         9 CNVs: 2226 34480 34570 8850 4038 8848 2225 0801 8851
         2 Indels: 60234 40184
         1 Inversion: 37194
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): MAPT

    Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB): MAPT

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing MAPT
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    Disorders / Diseases
    for MAPT gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    MAPT for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 157140   
    OMIM disorders: 600274  172700  601104  260540  168600  
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TAU_HUMAN, P10636
  • Note=In Alzheimer disease, the neuronal cytoskeleton in the brain is progressively disrupted and replaced by
    • tangles of paired helical filaments (PHF) and straight filaments, mainly composed of hyperphosphorylated forms of TAU
    (PHF-TAU or AD P-TAU). O-GlcNAcylation is greatly reduced in Alzheimer disease brain cerebral cortex leading to an
    increase in TAU/MAPT phosphorylations
  • Defects in MAPT are a cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) [MIM:600274]; also called frontotemporal dementia
    • (FTD), pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration (PPND) or historically termed Pick complex. This form of frontotemporal
    dementia is characterized by presenile dementia with behavioral changes, deterioration of cognitive capacities and
    loss of memory. In some cases, parkinsonian symptoms are prominent. Neuropathological changes include frontotemporal
    atrophy often associated with atrophy of the basal ganglia, substantia nigra, amygdala. In most cases, protein tau
    deposits are found in glial cells and/or neurons
  • Defects in MAPT are a cause of Pick disease of the brain (PIDB) [MIM:172700]. It is a rare form of dementia
    • pathologically defined by severe atrophy, neuronal loss and gliosis. It is characterized by the occurrence of
    tau-positive inclusions, swollen neurons (Pick cells) and argentophilic neuronal inclusions known as Pick bodies that
    disproportionally affect the frontal and temporal cortical regions. Clinical features include aphasia, apraxia,
    confusion, anomia, memory loss and personality deterioration
  • Note=Defects in MAPT are a cause of corticobasal degeneration (CBD). It is marked by extrapyramidal signs and
    • apraxia and can be associated with memory loss. Neuropathologic features may overlap Alzheimer disease, progressive
    supranuclear palsy, and Parkinson disease
  • Defects in MAPT are a cause of progressive supranuclear palsy type 1 (PSNP1) [MIM:601104]; also abbreviated as
    • PSP and also known as Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome. PSNP1 is characterized by akinetic-rigid syndrome,
    supranuclear gaze palsy, pyramidal tract dysfunction, pseudobulbar signs and cognitive capacities deterioration.
    Neurofibrillary tangles and gliosis but no amyloid plaques are found in diseased brains. Most cases appear to be
    sporadic, with a significant association with a common haplotype including the MAPT gene and the flanking regions.
    Familial cases show an autosomal dominant pattern of transmission with incomplete penetrance; genetic analysis of a
    few cases showed the occurrence of tau mutations, including a deletion of Asn-613
  • Defects in MAPT are a cause of Parkinson-dementia syndrome (PARDE) [MIM:260540]. A syndrome characterized by
    • parkinsonism tremor, rigidity, dementia, ophthalmoparesis and pyramidal signs. Neurofibrillary degeneration occurs in
    the hippocampus, basal ganglia and brainstem nuclei

    20/115 diseases for MAPT (see all 115):    About MalaCards
    supranuclear palsy    progressive supranuclear palsy    frontotemporal dementia    pick's disease
    dementia    frontotemporal dementia, ubiquitin-positive    alzheimer's disease    niemann-pick disease
    subacute sclerosing panencephalitis    basal ganglia calcification    familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification    mapt-related disorders
    cerebral amyloid angiopathy    spermatic cord torsion    tauopathy and respiratory failure (3) 11    normal pressure hydrocephalus
    relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis    frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism-17    dementia, frontotemporal, with or without parkinsonism    semantic dementia

    10 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for MAPT:
    Frontotemporal dementia     Alzheimer's disease     Progressive supranuclear palsy     Pick's disease
    Aphasia     Parkinson's disease     Lewy body dementia     Toxic encephalopathy
    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis     Apraxia

    10/93 Novoseek disease relationships for MAPT gene (see all 93)    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    tauopathies 97.7 677 11810404 (5), 15814784 (5), 18346207 (5), 12435607 (5) (see all 99)
    paired helical filament 97.6 517 18783251 (3), 1639844 (3), 9062894 (3), 7694533 (3) (see all 99)
    neurofibrillary tangles 97.1 610 11932941 (4), 15056457 (3), 9686275 (3), 11786218 (3) (see all 99)
    frontotemporal dementia 96 581 18591058 (4), 15376481 (4), 11585254 (3), 10436346 (3) (see all 99)
    alzheimers disease 94.8 1534 17168644 (5), 7838376 (5), 7830071 (5), 8506352 (4) (see all 99)
    supranuclear palsy progressive 93.7 219 10209184 (4), 12151839 (3), 10534245 (3), 9781517 (2) (see all 99)
    picks disease 92 143 8960316 (5), 8928611 (4), 12368187 (4), 11117542 (3) (see all 76)
    neuropil threads 90.5 48 1904481 (2), 16106214 (2), 8396836 (1), 7521944 (1) (see all 34)
    senile plaques 89.8 149 15977985 (3), 15658002 (3), 1652752 (2), 7680597 (1) (see all 99)
    neurodegenerative diseases 89.8 450 11578782 (4), 10320789 (4), 15056452 (4), 15495240 (3) (see all 99)

    GeneTests: MAPT
    Frontotemporal Dementia with Parkinsonism-17

    Genetic Association Database (GAD): MAPT
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: MAPT (139 documents)

    Export disorders for MAPT gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for MAPT gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for MAPT gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 2367):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with MAPT)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Familial atypical progressive supranuclear palsy associated with homozigosity for the delN296 mutation in the tau gene. (PubMed id 11220749)1, 2, 4, 9 Pastor P.... Oliva R. (2001)
    2. Association of missense and 5'-splice-site mutations in tau with the inherited dementia FTDP-17. (PubMed id 9641683)1, 2, 4, 9 Hutton M.... Heutink P. (1998)
    3. Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA encoding a core protein of the paired helical filament of Alzheimer disease: identification as the microtubule-associated protein tau. (PubMed id 3131773)1, 2, 3 Goedert M.... Klug A. (1988)
    4. The role of tau (MAPT) in frontotemporal dementia and related tauopathies. (PubMed id 15365985)1, 2, 9 Rademakers R.... van Broeckhoven C. (2004)
    5. A polymorphism within intron 11 of the tau gene is not increased in frequency in patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease, nor does it influence the extent of tau pathology in the brain. (PubMed id 11988340)1, 4, 9 Green E.K....Mann D.M. (2002)
    6. Frequency of tau gene mutations in familial and sporadic cases of non-Alzheimer dementia. (PubMed id 11255441)1, 4, 9 Poorkaj P....Bird T.D. (2001)
    7. Pick's disease is associated with mutations in the tau gene. (PubMed id 11117542)1, 2, 9 Pickering-Brown S.... Hutton M. (2000)
    8. Mutational analysis of the tau gene in progressive supranuclear palsy. (PubMed id 10534245)1, 2, 9 Higgins J.J.... Loveless J.M. (1999)
    9. The endogenous and cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation of tau protein in living cells: implications for Alzheimer's disease. (PubMed id 9614189)1, 2, 9 Illenberger S.... Mandelkow E. (1998)
    10. Interaction of alpha-synuclein and tau genotypes in Parkinson's disease. (PubMed id 15732111)1, 4, 9 Mamah C.E....Maraganore D.M. (2005)

    External Searches for MAPT gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing MAPT gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 4137 HGNC: 6893 AceView: MAPT Ensembl:ENSG00000186868 euGenes: HUgn4137
    ECgene: MAPT Kegg: 4137 H-InvDB: MAPT

    Other Databases showing MAPT gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing MAPT gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for MAPT Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for MAPT Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
    Alzheimer Research Forumhttp://www.alzforum.org/res/com/mut/tau/default.asp
    Protein Spotlighthttp://web.expasy.org/spotlight/back_issues/sptlt068.shtml
    GeneReviewshttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/GeneTests/lab/gene/MAPT
    Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_protein

    Intellectual Property
    for MAPT gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for MAPT gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving MAPT

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



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    About This Section

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     Codon Optimization
     Protein Production and Purification
     Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for MAPT
     Browse SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids for MAPT
     SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids for MAPT
     ThermoFisher Antibody for MAPT
     Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat MAPT
           
    GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 19 Mar 2013 - Incrementals: 21 Mar 2013 , 15 Apr 2013 , 26 Apr 2013

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    VWF
    (GIFTS: 73)
    von Willebrand factor
    GIFtS Group
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