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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

MAPK9 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 74
GCID: GC05M179595

mitogen-activated protein kinase 9


(Previous symbol: PRKM9)
 Explore 65 diseases affiliated with
MAPK9 via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for MAPK9    

Aliases
for MAPK9 gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 91 2     MAPK 92 3
JNK21 2 3 5     EC 2.7.11.243 8
PRKM91 2 3 5     JNK2A2
SAPK1 2     JNK2ALPHA2
P54a1     JNK2B2
Stress-Activated Protein Kinase 1a2 3     JNK2BETA2
Stress-Activated Protein Kinase JNK22 3     C-Jun Kinase 22
JNK-552 3     Jun Kinase2
SAPK1a2 3     P54aSAPK1
C-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 22 3     SAPK1A3
MAP Kinase 92 3     EC 2.7.118

External Ids:    HGNC: 68861   Entrez Gene: 56012   Ensembl: ENSG000000507487   OMIM: 6028965   UniProtKB: P459843   

Export aliases for MAPK9 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC05M179777 GC05M180640 GC05M179772 GC05M174385


Summaries
for MAPK9 gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for MAPK9:
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for
multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation,
differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase targets specific transcription factors, and
thus mediates immediate-early gene expression in response to various cell stimuli. It is most closely related to
MAPK8, both of which are involved in UV radiation induced apoptosis, thought to be related to the cytochrome
c-mediated cell death pathway. This gene and MAPK8 are also known as c-Jun N-terminal kinases. This kinase blocks the
ubiquitination of tumor suppressor p53, and thus it increases the stability of p53 in nonstressed cells. Studies of
this gene's mouse counterpart suggest a key role in T-cell differentiation. Several alternatively spliced transcript
variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. (provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: MK09_HUMAN, P45984
Function: Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation,
migration, transformation and programmed cell death. Extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or
physical stress stimulate the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathway. In
this cascade, two dual specificity kinases MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 phosphorylate and activate MAPK9/JNK2. In turn,
MAPK9/JNK2 phosphorylates a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as JUN and ATF2 and
thus regulates AP-1 transcriptional activity. In response to oxidative or ribotoxic stresses, inhibits rRNA synthesis
by phosphorylating and inactivating the RNA polymerase 1-specific transcription initiation factor RRN3. Promotes
stressed cell apoptosis by phosphorylating key regulatory factors including TP53 and YAP1. In T-cells, MAPK8 and MAPK9
are required for polarized differentiation of T-helper cells into Th1 cells. Upon T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation,
is activated by CARMA1, BCL10, MAP2K7 and MAP3K7/TAK1 to regulate JUN protein levels. Plays an important role in the
osmotic stress-induced epithelial tight-junctions disruption. When activated, promotes beta-catenin/CTNNB1 degradation
and inhibits the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Participates also in neurite growth in spiral ganglion neurons
Function: MAPK9 isoforms display different binding patterns: alpha-1 and alpha-2 preferentially bind to JUN, whereas
beta-1 and beta-2 bind to ATF2. However, there is no correlation between binding and phosphorylation, which is
achieved at about the same efficiency by all isoforms. JUNB is not a substrate for JNK2 alpha-2, and JUND binds only
weakly to it

summary for MAPK9:
MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) are serine-threonine kinases that regulate a wide variety of
cellular functions. Six groups of MAPK have so far been identified: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases
(ERK1, ERK2), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), p38 isoforms (MAPK11, MAPK12, MAPK13, MAPK14), ERK5 (MAPK7),
ERK3 (MAPK6) and ERK4 (MAPK4) and ERK7/8 (MAPK15). ERK 1 and ERK 2 transduce signals from growth factors and
are key in regulating differentiation and proliferation in many cell types. Upon activation by MEK, ERK1 and
2 translocate to the nucleus where they phosphorylate transcription factors such as Elk1 and downstream
kinases such as p90 RSK. JNK 1,2 and 3 (sometimes known as SAPKs or stress-activated kinases) and the p38
MAPKs (alpha-, beta-, delta and gamma- isoforms) are activated by UV irradiation, inflammatory cytokines and
hyperosmolarity. The p38 MAPKs are also activated by lipopolysaccharide. Dysregulation of MAPK kinase
pathways has been associated with various diseases including cancer (ERK), neurodegeneration (JNK) and
inflammation (p38).

Gene Wiki entry for MAPK9 (Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9)


Genomic Views
for MAPK9 gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000005.9  NC_018916.1  NT_023133.13  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the MAPK9 gene promoter:
         TBP   TFIID   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: MAPK9 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for MAPK9

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat MAPK9


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 5q35   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  5q35.3   HGNC cytogenetic band: 5q35

MAPK9 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
MAPK9 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 5         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC05M179595:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 179,660,143 bp from pter      End:
 179,719,099 bp from pter
Size:
 58,957 bases      Orientation:
 minus strand

Proteins
for MAPK9 gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: MK09_HUMAN, P45984 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9  
Size: 424 amino acids; 48139 Da
Cofactor: Magnesium
Subunit: Interacts with MECOM and DCLK2 (By similarity). Binds to at least four scaffolding proteins, MAPK8IP1/JIP-1,
MAPK8IP2/JIP-2, MAPK8IP3/JIP-3/JSAP1 and SPAG9/MAPK8IP4/JIP-4. These proteins also bind other components of the JNK
signaling pathway. Interacts with NFATC4. Interacts with ATF7; the interaction does not phosphorylate ATF7 but acts as
a docking site for ATF7-associated partners such as JUN. Interacts with BCL10. Interacts with CTNNB1 and GSK3B
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm. Nucleus
2 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for MAPK9:
3E7O (3D)        3NPC (3D)    
Secondary accessions: A8K0S3 B5BU66 B5M0B4 D3DWQ8 D3DWQ9 Q15708 Q15710 Q15711 Q8N5C5
Alternative splicing: 5 isoforms:  P45984-1   P45984-2   P45984-3   P45984-4   P45984-5   

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for MAPK9: NX_P45984

Post-translational modifications:

  • Dually phosphorylated on Thr-183 and Tyr-185 by MAP2K7 and MAP2K4, which activates the enzyme. Autophosphorylated in
    • vitro1
  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P45984

    • 4/27 DME Specific Peptides for MAPK9 (P45984) (see all 27)
     KELIYKE  ILDFGLA  LDFGLAR  LLSKMLV 

    MAPK9 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins (5 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_001128516.1  NP_002743.3  NP_620707.1  NP_620708.1  NP_620709.1  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000394560   ENSP00000377028   ENSP00000389338   ENSP00000345524   ENSP00000321410  
     ENSP00000377029   ENSP00000397422   ENSP00000430608   ENSP00000443149   ENSP00000380262  
    Reactome Protein details: P45984
    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
    EMD Millipore Purified and/or Recombinant MAPK9 Protein
    Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
    Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
    OriGene Purified Proteins (see all 3): MAPK9
    OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate (see all 5): MAPK9
    OriGene Custom Protein Services for MAPK9 
    GenScript Purified and Recombinant Proteins for MAPK9
    Novus Biologicals MAPK9 Proteins
    Novus Biologicals MAPK9 Lysates
    Sino Biological Recombinant Protein for MAPK9
    ProSpec Recombinant Protein for MAPK9
    Uscn Proteins for MAPK9

    Gene Ontology (GO): 4 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005654nucleoplasm TAS--
    GO:0005739mitochondrion IEA--
    GO:0005829cytosol TAS--
    GO:0044445cytosolic part IEA--


    MAPK9 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    MAPK9 Antibody Products: 
    EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of MAPK9
    R&D Systems Antibodies for MAPK9 (JNK2)
    Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for MAPK9  (JNK2)
    OriGene Antibodies (see all 7): MAPK9
    OriGene Custom Antibody Services for MAPK9 
    GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for MAPK9
    Novus Biologicals MAPK9 Antibodies
    Abcam antibodies for MAPK9 
    Uscn Antibodies for MAPK9
    ThermoFisher Antibodies for MAPK9

    Assay Products for MAPK9: 
    EMD Millipore Kits and Assays for the Analysis of MAPK9
    OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development
    Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
    R&D Systems ELISAs for MAPK9 (JNK2)         (see all)
    GenScript Custom Assay Services for MAPK9
    Enzo Life Sciences assays for MAPK9
    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for MAPK9

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for MAPK9 gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    MAPK9 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    5/6 InterPro domains/families (see all 6):
     IPR008351 MAPK_JNK
     IPR002290 Ser/Thr_dual-sp_kinase_dom
     IPR011009 Kinase-like_dom
     IPR008271 Ser/Thr_kinase_AS
     IPR003527 MAP_kinase_CS

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P45984

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P45984

    2 Blocks protein families:
    IPB003527 MAP kinase
    IPB008351 JNK MAP kinase signature


    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: MK09_HUMAN, P45984
    Domain: The TXY motif contains the threonine and tyrosine residues whose phosphorylation activates the MAP kinases
    Similarity: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily
    Similarity: Contains 1 protein kinase domain


    Function
    for MAPK9 gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: MK09_HUMAN, P45984
    Function: Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation,
    migration, transformation and programmed cell death. Extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or
    physical stress stimulate the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathway. In
    this cascade, two dual specificity kinases MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 phosphorylate and activate MAPK9/JNK2. In turn,
    MAPK9/JNK2 phosphorylates a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as JUN and ATF2 and
    thus regulates AP-1 transcriptional activity. In response to oxidative or ribotoxic stresses, inhibits rRNA synthesis
    by phosphorylating and inactivating the RNA polymerase 1-specific transcription initiation factor RRN3. Promotes
    stressed cell apoptosis by phosphorylating key regulatory factors including TP53 and YAP1. In T-cells, MAPK8 and MAPK9
    are required for polarized differentiation of T-helper cells into Th1 cells. Upon T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation,
    is activated by CARMA1, BCL10, MAP2K7 and MAP3K7/TAK1 to regulate JUN protein levels. Plays an important role in the
    osmotic stress-induced epithelial tight-junctions disruption. When activated, promotes beta-catenin/CTNNB1 degradation
    and inhibits the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Participates also in neurite growth in spiral ganglion neurons
    Function: MAPK9 isoforms display different binding patterns: alpha-1 and alpha-2 preferentially bind to JUN, whereas
    beta-1 and beta-2 bind to ATF2. However, there is no correlation between binding and phosphorylation, which is
    achieved at about the same efficiency by all isoforms. JUNB is not a substrate for JNK2 alpha-2, and JUND binds only
    weakly to it
    Catalytic activity: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein
    Enzyme regulation: Activated by threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation by either of two dual specificity kinases,
    MAP2K4 and MAP2K7. MAP2K4 shows a strong preference for Tyr-185 while MAP2K7 phosphorylates Tyr-183 preferentially.
    Inhibited by dual specificity phosphatases, such as DUSP1

    Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB): EC 2.7.11.241 2 EC 2.7.112

    miRNA
    Products:            		miRTarBase miRNAs that target MAPK9:
    hsa-mir-106b (MIRT005864), hsa-mir-20a (MIRT005856), hsa-mir-93 (MIRT003240), hsa-mir-17 (MIRT004359), hsa-mir-199a-3p (MIRT003982)

    OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 5): MAPK9
    Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat MAPK9
    8/61 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate MAPK9 (see all 61):
    hsa-let-7d hsa-miR-429 hsa-miR-106a hsa-miR-218-1* hsa-miR-138-2* hsa-miR-764 hsa-miR-29b-1* hsa-miR-548l
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: MAPK9 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:            		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for MAPK9 (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: MAPK9
    OriGene siRNA: MAPK9
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat MAPK9

    Gene Editing
    Products:    		DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for MAPK9

    Clone
    Products:             		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for MAPK9 (see all 10)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for MAPK9 (see all 6)
    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 5): MAPK9 (NM_002752)
    Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for MAPK9
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for MAPK9
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat MAPK9 

    Cell Line
    Products:             		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for MAPK9
    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for MAPK9

    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for MAPK9

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/9 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 9):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0004672protein kinase activity ----
    GO:0004705JUN kinase activity IDA8654373
    GO:0004707MAP kinase activity ----
    GO:0005515protein binding IPI19776015
    GO:0005524ATP binding IEA--


    MAPK9 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    2 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for MAPK9:
     Increased cell death in breast  Increased mitotic index 

    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-out Mapk9tm1Flv for MAPK9
         15/20 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 3 alleles) (MGI details for Mapk9) (see all 20):
     behavior/neurological  cardiovascular system  cellular  craniofacial  digestive/alimentary 
     embryogenesis  growth/size  hematopoietic system  homeostasis/metabolism  immune system 
     integument  liver/biliary system  mortality/aging  muscle  nervous system 

    MAPK9 for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    Pathways & Interactions
    for MAPK9 gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/130 super-pathways (see all 130) About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1TRAF6 Mediated Induction of proinflammatory cytokines
    8/19 pathways (see all 19)
    		TRAF6 Mediated Induction of proinflammatory cytokines1.00
    		Toll Like Receptor TLR1:TLR2 Cascade0.78
    		MAP kinase activation in TLR cascade0.88
    		Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Cascade0.78
    		Toll Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) Cascade0.86
    		MyD88:Mal cascade initiated on plasma membrane0.78
    		Toll Like Receptor 10 (TLR10) Cascade0.86
    		TRIF-mediated TLR3/TLR4 signaling 0.73
    2Development HGF signaling pathway
    8/13 pathways (see all 13)
    		Development HGF signaling pathway1.00
    		Development PDGF signaling via MAPK cascades0.41
    		Development_HGF signaling pathway0.78
    		Development EGFR signaling via PIP30.26
    		Development_Neurotrophin family signaling0.45
    		Development_EGFR signaling via PIP30.26
    		Development Neurotrophin family signaling0.45
    		Apoptosis and survival_Anti-apoptotic action of membrane-bound ESR10.24
    3ErbB4 Pathway
    8/10 pathways (see all 10)
    		ErbB4 Pathway1.00
    		LPS Stimulated MAPK Signaling0.36
    		ErbB Family Pathway0.59
    		VEGF Signaling Pathway0.35
    		Prolactin Signaling0.54
    		TREM1 Pathway0.32
    		IL-2 Pathway0.46
    		HMGB1 Pathway0.32
    4G-protein signaling_Ras family GTPases in kinase cascades (scheme)
    		G-protein signaling Ras family GTPases in kinase cascades (scheme)1.00
    		Activation of the AP-1 family of transcription factors0.33
    		G-protein signaling_Ras family GTPases in kinase cascades (scheme)1.00
    		Oncostatin M Signaling Pathway0.15
    		Immune response_Oncostatin M signaling via MAPK in human cells0.39
    		Rapid glucocorticoid signaling0.12
    		Immune response Oncostatin M signaling via MAPK in human cells0.39
    54-1BB Pathway
    		4-1BB Pathway1.00
    		NF-KappaB Activation by EBV0.31
    		CD40 Signaling0.54
    		SUMO Pathway0.30
    		CD27 Pathway0.48
    		TNFR2 Pathway0.29
    		PKR Pathway0.36

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways

    5/32 EMD Millipore Pathways for MAPK9 (see all 32)
        Apoptosis and survival FAS signaling cascades
    Immune response MIF in innate immunity response
    Cytoskeleton remodeling Keratin filaments
    Immune response IL-1 signaling pathway
    Signal transduction JNK pathway

    4 R&D Systems Pathways for MAPK9
        Wnt Signaling Pathway
    Inflammasome Activation Pathways
    Toll-Like receptor Signaling Pathways
    TGF-beta Signaling Pathways

    5/108 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for MAPK9 (see all 108)
        Fc-GammaR Pathway
    Toll-Like Receptors Pathway
    UVB-Induced MAPK Signaling
    Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer
    JNK Pathway

    1 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathway for MAPK9
        MAP Kinase Signaling

    5 Tocris Bioscience Pathways for MAPK9
        Akt Pathway
    Insulin Pathway
    Toll-like Receptor Pathway
    VEGF Pathway
    MAPK Pathway

    5/33 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for MAPK9 (see all 33)
        Development A2A receptor signaling
    Immune response MIF in innate immunity response
    Apoptosis and survival Anti-apoptotic action of membrane-bound ESR1
    Development EGFR signaling pathway
    Development Endothelin-1/EDNRA signaling

    5/43 BioSystems Pathways for MAPK9 (see all 43) 
        DNA damage response (only ATM dependent)
    AGE/RAGE pathway
    Wnt Signaling Pathway
    MAPK signaling pathway
    Oncostatin M Signaling Pathway

    5/24        Reactome Pathways for MAPK9 (see all 24)
        Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Cascade
    Toll Like Receptor TLR6:TLR2 Cascade
    Toll-Like Receptors Cascades
    TRAF6 Mediated Induction of proinflammatory cytokines
    Toll Like Receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) Cascade

    1 PharmGKB Pathway for MAPK9
        VEGF Signaling Pathway

    5/28         Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for MAPK9) (see all 28):
        MAPK signaling pathway
    ErbB signaling pathway
    Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
    Wnt signaling pathway
    Osteoclast differentiation


    MAPK9 for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for MAPK9

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

    5/136 Interacting proteins for MAPK9 (P459841, 2, 3 ENSP000003214104) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 136)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    MAP2K4P459852, 3, ENSP000002624454MINT-8259844 I2D: score=5 STRING: ENSP00000262445
    WDR62O433792, 3, ENSP000003847924MINT-68376 I2D: score=5 STRING: ENSP00000384792
    ACP5P136862, 3, ENSP000002187584MINT-64907 I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000218758
    XPO7Q9UIA92, 3, ENSP000004048534MINT-64910 I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000404853
    DUSP1P285622, 3, ENSP000002392234MINT-8217423 I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000239223
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/44 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 44):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0001836release of cytochrome c from mitochondria IEA--
    GO:0001934positive regulation of protein phosphorylation IEA--
    GO:0002224toll-like receptor signaling pathway TAS--
    GO:0002755MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway TAS--
    GO:0002756MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway TAS--


    MAPK9 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for MAPK9 gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    MAPK9 for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    EMD Millipore small molecules for MAPK9:
    Small Molecule - inhibitor
    Enzo Life Sciences drugs & compounds for MAPK9

    Compounds for MAPK9 available from Tocris Bioscience    About this table
    CompoundAction CAS #
    SP 600125Novel and selective JNK inhibitor[129-56-6]
    TCS JNK 5aSelective inhibitor of JNK2 and JNK3[312917-14-9]
    SU 3327Selective JNK inhibitor[40045-50-9]
    AnisomycinProtein synthesis inhibitor[22862-76-6]
    BI 78D3 Selective, competitive JNK inhibitor [883065-90-5]

    3 HMDB Compounds for MAPK9    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    ADPadenosindiphosphorsaeure (see all 8)58-64-0--
    Adenosine triphosphate5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) Adenosine (see all 24)56-65-5--
    MagnesiumMagnesium (see all 2)7439-95-4--

    1 DrugBank Compound for MAPK9    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #TypeActionsPubMed Ids
    N-{3-[5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]phenyl}furan-2-carboxamide-- --target--10592235

    10/31 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for MAPK9 gene (see all 31)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    sp 600125 85 17 18565136 (1), 20200402 (1), 18336852 (1), 12898508 (1) (see all 14)
    pd 98,059 58.4 2 9837893 (1), 9731042 (1)
    helenalin 55.6 1 18336852 (1), 20167866 (1)
    olomoucine 46.1 1 9792443 (1)
    tyrosine 45.5 6 16619289 (2), 11775830 (1), 12393636 (1), 9501008 (1) (see all 5)
    threonine 43.2 1 10648385 (1)
    sb 203580 38.8 1 9731042 (1)
    n acetylcysteine 36.5 1 20188821 (1)
    wortmannin 32 2 16619289 (1), 16257269 (1)
    serine 28.4 2 15228592 (1), 10648385 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about MAPK9 / MK09 

    Transcripts
    for MAPK9 gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for MAPK9 gene (5 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_001135044.1  NM_002752.4  NM_139068.2  NM_139069.2  NM_139070.2  

    Unigene Cluster for MAPK9:

    Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9
    Hs.484371  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_139069
    13 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000452135(uc003mls.4 uc003mlt.4) ENST00000393360(uc021yjk.1)
    ENST00000455781(uc010jlc.3 uc021yjj.1) ENST00000343111(uc003mlv.4)
    ENST00000347470 ENST00000520212 ENST00000393362 ENST00000524170 ENST00000425491(uc021yjl.1 uc011dgx.2)
    ENST00000523135 ENST00000523583 ENST00000539014 ENST00000397072(uc021yji.1)


    miRNA
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    8/61 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate MAPK9 (see all 61):
    hsa-let-7d hsa-miR-429 hsa-miR-106a hsa-miR-218-1* hsa-miR-138-2* hsa-miR-764 hsa-miR-29b-1* hsa-miR-548l
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: MAPK9 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:             		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for MAPK9 (see all 7)
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    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat MAPK9
    Clone
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    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 5): MAPK9 (NM_002752)
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    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat MAPK9 
    Primer
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AB451302.1 AB451355.1 AB451433.1 AK289638.1 BC032539.1 CR536580.1 EU927388.1 HM036706.1 
    HM036707.1 HM036708.1 HM036709.1 L31951.1 U09759.1 U34821.1 U35002.1 U35003.1 

    13 DOTS entries:

    DT.447229  DT.75108965  DT.75119000  DT.95167728  DT.95167726  DT.95218885  DT.100023600  DT.91968163 
    DT.92430382  DT.40123550  DT.120848971  DT.121378762  DT.87015975 

    24/305 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 305):

    AW026710 AW263452 AA349851 CR612106 AW137870 AI674843 BU685854 AA449984 
    BM725392 CA503030 AI889961 AA468704 AI672817 BQ187463 AI369455 AV724812 
    BQ015799 CK300221 AI288671 Z41496 CK299570 AI379420 AW771297 BX643243 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5/6 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for MAPK9 (see all 6)    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1a · 1b · 1c ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5a · 5b ^ 6 ^ 7 ^ 8a · 8b ^ 9 ^ 10 ^ 11 ^ 12 ^ 13a · 13b · 13c · 13d
    SP1:                    -                                   -           -                                                   
    SP2:                    -                                   -           -                                                   
    SP3:                    -                                         -     -                                                   
    SP4:                    -                                         -     -                                                   
    SP5:                                                        -                                                               


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for MAPK9

    Expression
    for MAPK9 gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    MAPK9 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: TGACCACAAA

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    MAPK9 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    1 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartment/Cell 
    Tissue Anatomical Compartment CellCategory (developmental path)
    LiverLiver BudHepatoblastsLiver
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization

    See MAPK9 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for MAPK9

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.484371
        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including MAPK9 (see all 9): 
              Parkinson's Disease in human mouse rat
              Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathway in human mouse rat
              Inflammasomes in human mouse rat
              Insulin Resistance in human mouse rat
              Th1/Th2 Response in human mouse rat

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    In Situ
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    Orthologs
    for MAPK9 gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

    Orthologs for MAPK9 gene from 8/25 species (see all 25)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)    		 Mammalia Mapk91 , 5 mitogen-activated protein kinase 91, 5 89.52(n)1
    96.93(a)1    		   11 (29.96 cM)5
    264201  NM_001163671.11  NP_001157143.11 
     498467535 
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves MAPK91 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 84.53(n)
    98.94(a)    		   395983  NM_205095.1  NP_990426.1 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia MAPK96
    		 --
    		 97(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 2(141231943-141258529)
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii mapk91 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 73.33(n)
    85.78(a)    		   100149273  XM_001919653.2  XP_001919688.1 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)    		 Insecta bsk3 JNK cascade protein serine/threonine kinase 75(a)   2 31B3   --
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)    		 Secernentea jnk-13 MAP kinase 69(a)
    (best of 5)    		   IV(6957865-6963780)   --
    thale cress
    (Arabidopsis thaliana)    		 eudicotyledons MPK126
    ATMPK46
    (see all 20)    		 mitogen-activated protein kinase 4
    (see all 20)    		 39(a)
    39(a)
    (see all 20)    		 many ↔ many
    many ↔ many
    (see all 20)    		 2(18945981-18947823)
    4(567095-569088)
    rice
    (Oryza sativa)    		 Liliopsida --
    --
    (see all 16)    		 CGMC_MAPKCMGC_2_ERK.14 - CGMC includes CDA, MAPK, ...
    CGMC_MAPKCMGC_2_SLT2y_ERK.2 - CGMC includes CDA, M...
    (see all 16)    		 39(a)
    38(a)
    (see all 16)    		 many ↔ many
    many ↔ many
    (see all 16)    		 10(20684568-20688500)
    6(29397209-29401633)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for MAPK9 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for MAPK9 (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for MAPK9 gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for MAPK9 gene
    MAPK122  MAPK132  MAPK112  MAPK142  MAPK102  MAPK82  
    18/48 SIMAP similar genes for MAPK9 using alignment to 9 protein entries:     MK09_HUMAN (see all proteins) (see all similar genes):
    MAPK8    MAPK10    MAPK14    MAPK11    MAPK13    MAPK12
    MAPK4    TXK    DKFZp686O0215    MAPK7    DYRK4    MAPK3
    MAPK1    STK25    NLK    DKFZp686M02159    CDK7    STK11

    MAPK9 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    Genomic Variants
    for MAPK9 gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/1166 NCBI SNPs in MAPK9 are shown (see all 1166)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 5 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs772519251,2
    		F,--174443308(+) TAGAAT/AAGTTT 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- A:0.02WA 118
    rs102140641,2
    		C,--174444900(+) GTGCGA/GAGAGA 1 -- us2k12Minor allele frequency- G:0.04WA 120
    rs125216481,2
    		H--174445349(+) TCTGAA/GAGGAG 1 -- int10--------
    rs125167261,2
    		C,A,H,--174445479(+) GAGGCC/TGGGGC 1 -- int15Minor allele frequency- T:0.11NA WA EA 362
    rs746954581,2
    		F,--174445728(+) GTGGCG/ATGAAG 1 -- int11Minor allele frequency- A:0.08WA 118
    rs796986481,2
    		C,--174445796(+) GAGGTC/TTGGGC 1 -- int14Minor allele frequency- T:0.16WA CSA EA 241
    rs1137026981,2
    		--174446183(+) AGGTGA/TGTGGA 1 -- int12Minor allele frequency- T:0.04CSA WA 119
    rs1485427171,2
    		--179660112(+) TCCTTG/TTAAGC 4 -- ds50010--------
    rs1443190251,2
    		--179660161(+) CTGTGA/GTATTA 4 -- ds50010--------
    rs1460814801,2
    		--179660221(+) GCTCAA/TCCCAG 4 -- ds50010--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for MAPK9 (179660143 - 179719099 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 2 variations for MAPK9
         2 CNVs: 31259 3591

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    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for MAPK9

    Disorders / Diseases
    for MAPK9 gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    MAPK9 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 602896    OMIM disorders: --

    20/65 diseases for MAPK9 (see all 65):    About MalaCards
    neurodegeneration    multiple endocrine neoplasia    non-small cell lung carcinoma    essential thrombocythemia
    acute liver failure    acute promyelocytic leukemia    myeloid leukemia    acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    sporadic breast cancer    lymphoblastic leukemia    chronic myeloid leukemia    insulin resistance
    kaposi's sarcoma    williams syndrome    skin cancer    lung carcinoma
    squamous cell carcinoma    pheochromocytoma    chagas disease    leukemia

    1 disease from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for MAPK9:
    Cancer

    10/21 Novoseek disease relationships for MAPK9 gene (see all 21)    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    necrosis 38.5 5 12417721 (2), 12143039 (1), 8702671 (1), 12610149 (1)
    tumors 29.2 10 12417721 (2), 12538493 (1), 9162025 (1), 12143039 (1) (see all 9)
    glioma 24.1 2 17637567 (1), 14673001 (1)
    myeloid leukemia chronic 22.1 2 17949234 (2)
    glioblastoma 19.5 1 17047065 (1)
    pheochromocytoma 18.8 3 10470855 (1), 9589393 (1), 14673001 (1)
    multiple endocrine neoplasia 17.1 1 9393766 (1)
    cancer 13.9 3 15217928 (1), 11825878 (1), 12860462 (1)
    leukemia 9.55 1 8524841 (1)
    skin cancer 4.47 1 19204086 (1)

    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: MAPK9 (5 documents)

    Export disorders for MAPK9 gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for MAPK9 gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for MAPK9 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 421):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with MAPK9)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. JNK2 contains a specificity-determining region responsible for efficient c-Jun binding and phosphorylation. (PubMed id 8001819)1, 2, 3, 9 Kallunki T.... Karin M. (1994)
    2. The CARMA1-Bcl10 signaling complex selectively regulates JNK2 kinase in the T cell receptor-signaling pathway. (PubMed id 17189706)1, 2, 9 Blonska M....Lin X. (2007)
    3. The crystal structure of JNK2 reveals conformational flexibility in the MAP kinase insert and indicates its involvement in the regulation of catalytic activity. (PubMed id 18801372)1, 2, 9 Shaw D....Kuglstatter A. (2008)
    4. Characterization of a novel human sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) having structural homology with c-Jun N-terminal kinase-interacting protein. (PubMed id 15693750)1, 2, 9 Jagadish N.... Suri A. (2005)
    5. Role of the ATFa/JNK2 complex in Jun activation. (PubMed id 10376527)1, 2, 9 De Graeve F....Chatton B. (1999)
    6. Selective interaction of JNK protein kinase isoforms with transcription factors. (PubMed id 8654373)1, 2, 9 Gupta S....Davis R.J. (1996)
    7. Molecular cloning and characterization of novel human JNK2 (MAPK9) transcript variants that show different stimulation activities on AP-1. (PubMed id 21110917)1, 2 Wang P....Ma D. (2010)
    8. JNK phosphorylates Yes-associated protein (YAP) to regulate apoptosis. (PubMed id 21364637)1, 2 Tomlinson V....Basu S. (2010)
    9. c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-2 mediates osmotic stress-i nduced tight junction disruption in the intestinal epithelium. (PubMed id 20595622)1, 2 Samak G....Rao R.K. (2010)
    10. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)

    External Searches for MAPK9 gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing MAPK9 gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 5601 HGNC: 6886 AceView: MAPK9 Ensembl:ENSG00000050748 euGenes: HUgn5601
    ECgene: MAPK9 Kegg: 5601 H-InvDB: MAPK9

    Other Databases showing MAPK9 gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing MAPK9 gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for MAPK9 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for MAPK9 Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
    NIEHS-SNPshttp://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/mapk9/

    Intellectual Property
    for MAPK9 gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for MAPK9 gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving MAPK9

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



    Products
    for MAPK9 gene

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    Advanced Cell Diagnostics
    About This Section

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